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1、高中英语重点难点知识点复习高中英语语法重点难点回顾1.主谓一致常考难题：Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future.More than one student has seen the film.Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More members than one are against your plan.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式：gl
2、asses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors 等。但如果主语用a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如：Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girfs teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and t
3、o be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.当主语后面跟有 as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的词组时其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如：The teacher a
4、s well as the students was excited.The room with its furniture was rented.A(great)number of修饰可数复数名词，谓语动词用复数;agreat deal of,a large amount o f修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.Some of the energy that is used by
5、 man comes from the sun.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。1/2 one(a)half 1/4 one(a)quarter2.形容词的顺序：系动词 be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain 限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
6、某些以 a-开首的形容词例如：afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,alive等只能作表语，不能作定语。某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,l)close接近地2)free免费地3)hard努力地4)late 晚，迟5)most极，非常deadly,silly,orderly,timely 等。closely仔细地，密切地freely自由地，无拘束地hardly几乎不lately近来mostly主要地6)wide广阔地，充分地widely广泛地7)high 高8)deep 深,迟9)loud
7、大声地10)near 邻近3.比较级，最高级highly高度地，非常地deeply抽象意义的“深”loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)nearly几乎表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示：This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far 等修饰：He works even harder than before.注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般
8、放在比较级的后面，如放在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替than。superior,junior,senior 等。He is superior to Mr.Wang in mathematics.在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数
9、名词。例如：The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：A is three(four,etc.)times the size(height,length,width,etc)ofB.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。高三倍A is thre
10、e(four,etc.)times as big(high,long,wide,etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲、|是欧洲的四倍大。A is three(four,etc.)times bigger(higher,longer,wider)than B.例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。表示两倍可以用twice或double表示“最高程度 的形容词，如excellent,extreme,perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。4.s
11、o,such如果复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much little等表示量的形容词时，该 用so而不用such。如：Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.Mr.White got so little money a month that he could hardly keepbody and soul together.但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时，仍 用sucho如：They are such little children that the they cannot clean the h
12、ouseby themselves.5.almost 与 nearly在 very,pretty,not 后用 nearly,不用 almosto 例如：Im not nearly ready.在 any,no,none,never 前用 almost,不用 nearly 0 例如：I almost never see her.6.情态动词need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to或should代替。例如：You neednt come so early.Need I finish the work toda
13、y?-Yes,you must.注意：neednt have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事 例 如：You neednt have waited for me.“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。You should have started earlier.“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。You ought to have helped him(but you didnt)书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词如have,be,hear,see,like等词一般不用进行时。7.
14、主动结构表被动有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和well,easily等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook 等。例如：The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。8.虚拟语气的结构(should)+动词原形在动词 ariange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(shou
15、ld)+动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如：We suggested that we(should)have a meeting.We insisted that they(should)go with us.The doctor ordered that she(should)stay in bed for a few days.He demanded that we(should)start right away.作 advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构(shou
16、ld)+动词原形”。例如：We all agreed to hissuggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that we(should)do exercises first.9.+to在 feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带too但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to。例如：I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.
17、注意：不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如：She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go.10.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词 o 例如：He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry a
18、bout.Please give me a knife to cut with.There/It is no use/good/not any use/good/useless doing sth.10.动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,feel like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practice,put off,resist,risk,suggest,cant help,
19、can*tstand（无法忍受）等。I tried not to go there.（我设法不去那里。）I tried doing it again.（我试着又干了一次。）mean to do 有意mean doing 意味着 1 mean to come early today.（我打算今天早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）11.动 词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时，若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式。例如：The windo
20、w needs（requires,wants）cleaning（to be cleaned）.在短语 devote to,look forward to,pay attention to,stick to,beused to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式：I look forward to hearing from you soon.Badly polluted,the water cannot be drunk.（原因）Being written in haste,the composition is full of
21、 mistakes.（原因，强调写的过程，故应用现在分词一般被动式）Having been deserted by his guide,he couldnt find his waythrough the jungle.（为了强调已完成的动作）Asked to stay,I couldnt very well refuse.这 里asked可能意味着having been asked,也可能意味着when/since I was asked,但用了 having been asked 就不会有歧义。下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完
22、成被动式。例如：Covered with confusion,I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。He used to live in London,use(d)n*t he/didnt he?There used to be a cinema here before the war,use(d)n*t there/didnt there?Such things ought not to be allowed,ought they?He ought to be punished,oughtnt
23、he?但在正式文体中，用ought we not形式。例如：We ought to go,ought we not?或 We ought to go,should we not?12.含有情态动词must的句子表示推则，作“想必”解时，疑问部分不可用mustn*to若前句强调对现在情况的推测，疑问部分用arent(isnt)十主语，例如：You must be tired,arenft you?若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时，附加疑问句部分则用neednl。例(L I：You must go home right now,neednt you?当mustnt表示禁止时，附加疑问部分一般用
24、musto如：You mustnt walk on grass,must you?前句谓语动词是must have+过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语)，疑问部分的谓语动词用didn,t+主语;若前句强调动作的完成，疑问部分的谓语动词用havent(hasnt)+主语,例如：He must have met her yesterday,didnt he?You must have seen the film,havent you?陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfit for his office,isnt he?
25、如果陈述部分包含有 no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否定或半否定词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years old,is he?如果陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,no one等不定代词,其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用theyoEveryone knows his job,doesnt he?Everyone knows their job,dont they?No one was hurt,were they?Im late,arent I?One cant be too
26、careful,can one（you）?Have a cup of tea,will you?Lets go there,shall we?Let us go there,will you?13.同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,promise,idea,truth等。连接词用that（不 用which）及连接副词how,when,where,why等。例如：His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team ha
27、s won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.14.关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下：A）在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing.The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B）在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句，否贝IJ,也只能用whethero例如：Whether we shall a
28、ttend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.It hasn*t been decided whether（if）we shall attend the meeting.C）在介词之后。（介词往往可以省略）例如：It all depends（on）whether they will support us.D）后面直接跟动词不定式时。He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E）后面紧接or n o t时。We didnt know whether or not she was ready.F）引导让步状语从句,只能用whet
29、heroWhether you like it or not,you must do it well.G）用 if 会引起歧义时。例如：Please let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢工或“如果你喜欢，请告诉我。”用了 whether就可以避免。15.在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：1）先行词是不定代词：all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything 等。All that we have to do is to practice every day.2）先行词被序数词或形容词最
30、高级所修饰。The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3)先行词被 all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,等修饰。I have read all the book(that)you gave me.4)先行词被 the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰时。He is the only person that I want to talk to.5)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and personsthat they
31、 remembered in the school.16.先行词是表示地点时，要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用whereoThis is the house where he lived last year.This is the house that(which)he visited last year.用no sooner.than和hardly.when引导的从句表示“刚.就工17.倒装主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装，把助动词had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered theroom
32、 when I heard a loud noise.代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。Here it is.Here he comes.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。South of the city lies a big steel factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith andmany other guests.Gone are the days
33、 when they could do what they liked to theChinese people.Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.He has been to Beijing.So have I.Li Wei cant answer the question.Neither can I.部分倒装用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。Had you reviewed yourlessons,you might have passed the examination.用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+a
34、s(though)引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Pretty as she is,she is not clever.Try as he would,he might fail again.如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。Child as he was,he had to make a living.用于 no sooner.than.,hardly.when 和 not until 的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.用于 never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,lit
35、tle,often,at notime,not only,not once等词开头的句子。Never shall I do this again.Little did he know who the woman was.6.用于以only开头的句子(only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.Only in this way can you master English.Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.如 果0nly后面的词组不
36、是状语，则不用倒装。Only Wang Ling knows this.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功！18.名词复数stomach-stomachs,a German-three Germans,an Americantwo Americans,man cook-men cooks;papers报纸，文 件manners礼 貌drinks饮料in a word简 言 之in other words换句话说have words with与某人吵嘴have a few words(a word)with sb.与某人说儿句话The crowd were runn
37、ing for their lives.某些集体名词，如people,police,cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必高一英语总 复 习(一)人教版【同步教育信息】一.本周教学内容：总复习(一)Grammar PartAgreement between Subject and Predication1.According to the meaning of the subject.(1)Two singlar or more nouns joined by“and”,eg.The director and chief engineer is much respected here.Muc
38、h mud and sand has been washed away in the flood.Trial and error is the source of knowledge.(2)Two or more singlar nouns joined by and butpreceding by“every,each,no,many,a eg.Every boy and every girl has the right to education in China.No doctor and no nurse is allowed to receive red leffers fromthe
39、 patients.Many a teacher and many a student has heard of it.(3)Plural forms of(time,value,length,distance.)eg.Three years is not long.One thousand dollars is enough for us.Fifty meters has been checked.(4)Collective nouns eg.Her family is small.Her family are all music lovers.The audience is so larg
40、e that the hall was filled to the fullestcapacity.All available means have been adopted to bring through thatpatient.Every means has been tried to improve over work.2.According to the structure of the sentence.Neither he nor I am capable of doing such work alone.Not only he but also I am.Either he o
41、r I am.One or two boxes are needed to keep these books.More than one box is needed to keep these books.More boxes than one are needed.All but one are in that room.Nobody is going to take part in the party.An old man with a group of children left for NewYork.Five students including a girl praised at
42、themeeting.China,as well as other Asian countries,rich naturalescources.I will go there as well as he.I wont go there as well as he(will go there).【模 拟 试 题】一.单项选择：1.shall I do with the money?A.Why B.How C.What D.When2.Mr.White forbade to the park.A.his daughter to go B.his wife should goC.him for go
43、ing D.they went3.To succeed in scientific research project .A.hard work is needed B.one needs to work hardC.one needs be a hard worker D.hard work is what oneneeds4.He cant remember .A.what is todays homeworkB.what todays homework isC.what are today9s homeworkD.what todays homeworks are5.The house-k
44、eeper insisted that the debt before nextSunday.A.would pay B.should pay C.be paidD.would be paid6.The flowers were all that remained.A.two yellow little B.little two yellowC.yellow two little D.two little yellow7.The meeting-room in our school can over 150people.A.seat in B.sit in C.seat D.sit8.They
45、 all went to bed the diligent boy.A.except B.except for C.but D.without9.Yantai is the east of Shandong Province andthe south of Dalian City.A.in,to B.at,fi*om C.at,in D.to,at10.一 Were there a lot of deer when you were in the country?一 Yes,but hardly ever any.A.did we saw B.did we see C.we did seeD.
46、we saw11.The circle that has R inside is on the right.A.a B.an C.one D.the12.in this way finish the work in time.A.Just,they can B.Just,can theyC.Only,they can D.Only,can they13.一 Why did you go there?一 they asked me to go.A.As B.For C.Since D.Because14.1 was so angry at all he was doing Iwalked out
47、.A.which,that B.that,which C.that,thatD.which,which15.The little girl who in bed to her motherthat their old hen had two eggs that day.A.lied,lied,laid B.laid,lied,layC.lay,lied,lain D.lay,lied,laid16.There are so many in this school.A.womans teachers B.womens teachersC.woman teachers D.women teache
48、rs17.Til leave all I have to Mr Green,I believe ishonest man.A.which,a B.whom,an C.who,an D.that,a18.Why is there traffic on the streets in February thanin May?A.less B.fewer C.few D.little19.Hardly had I left home it began to rain.A.than B.where C.what D.when20.1 realy dont know she found her gold
49、watch.A.where it was that B.where was it thatC.it was where D.it was where that21.It is a good thing by others.A.to be well thought of B.to think well ofC.to think of well D.to be thought well22.一How old is your brother?一He is you are.A.the same old as B.as same old asC.as same age as D.the same age
50、 as23.present at the meeting were against the plan.A.This B.That C.These D.Those24.1 spend much time French.A.to learn B.for learning C.learning D.tolearning25.1 have never seen such a long queue before.By the time wereach the box office,all the tickets.A.will be sold out B.are to be sold outC.will