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1、中考阅读理解的做题方法与技巧中考之阅读理解篇阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种：主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型（4）推理判断型一、主 旨 大 意 题（做题要领）1.干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项可能属从文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。（正确答案）是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳
2、概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。主旨大意题的常见的提问形式：6）What s the练习：Passage 1In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding theAmerican market,Ford,General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workersthan ever before.The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cast Americanautoworkers their jobs
3、 as some experts predicted.Ford operates as far as Asia,and General Motors is considered Australian,s biggest employer.Yet GeneralMotors has its huge Americanw o r k f o r c e a n d e m p l o y s h u n d r e d s o f p e o p l e e v e r y d a y t o m e e t t h e n e e d s o f a ni n s a t i a b l e(不
4、能满足的)s o c i e t y.Q u e s t i o n:W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s b e s t e x p r e s s e s t h e m a i n i d e a o ft h e p a r a g r a p hA.G M i s o n e o f t h e l a r g e s t c a r p r o d u c e r s.B.F o r d o p e r a t e s n o t o n l y i n t h e U.S.A.,b u t a l s
5、o i n A s i a.C.T h e f o r e i g n c a r s h a v e n o t t a k e n a w a y t h e j o b s o f A m e r i c a n a u t o w o r k e r s.D.T h e f l o o d o f t h e c h e a p e r f o r e i g n c a r s i s t e r r i b l e f o r A m e r i c a na u t o w o r k e r s.二.事实细节性1 .解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。2
6、 .文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。3 .提问的特殊疑问词常有：w h a t,w h o,w h i c h,w h e r e,h o w,w h y 等。在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：1)W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t i s t r u e?2)3)4)t h e p a s s a g e,w h e n (w h e r e,w h y,h o w,
7、w h o,w h a t,w h i c h,e t c.)_ _?练习：P a s s a g e 2T h e h u m a n b o d y i s a l i v i n g m a c h i n e,a n d l i k e a l l m a c h i n e s,i t n e e d s f u e l t os u p p l y i t w i t h e n e r g y.T h a t i s t h e f o o d w e e a t.B u t h o w m u c h d o w e n e e d t os t a y h e a l t h
8、 y?T h e e n e r g y v a l u e o f f o o d i s u s u a l l y m e a s u r e d i n c a l o r i e s.Ac a l o r i e i s t h e a m o u n t o f h e a t r e q u i r e d t o r a i s e t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o f 1 k g o fw a t e r b y 1.T h e n u m b e r o f c a l o r i e s p e o p l e n e e d p e r d a
9、 y i s d i f f e r e n t,a s t h ec h a r t s h o w s.Q l)_ _ _ _ c a l o r i e s a r e r e q u i r e d t o r a i s e t h e t e m p e r a t u r e o f 5 k g o f w a t e r f r o m3 5 t o 9 0 .A.5 5 B.1 7 5 C.3 2 5 D.2 7 5Q 2)W h i c h s t a t e m e n t i s T R U E a c c o r d i n g t o t h e c h a r t
10、 a b o v e?A.A c h i l d a g e d 8 r e q u i r e s m o r e t h a n 3 t i m e s t h e a m o u n t o f c a l o r i e s t h a t ab a b y d o e s.B.A b o y a g e d 1 6 r e q u i r e s n e a r l y t w i c e t h e a m o u n t o f c a l o r i e s t h a ta b o y a g e d 8 d o e s.C.A n o f f i c e w o r k e
11、 r r e q u i r e s t h e s a m e a m o u n t o f c a l o r i e sp e r d a y a s a w o m a n f e e d i n g a b a b y d o e s.D.A f a r m e r r e q u i r e s n e a r l y 1.5 t i m e s t h e a m o u n t o f c a l o r i e s t h a t a n o f f i c ew o r k e r d o e s.三.词义猜测型L同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词a n d 或 o r,它
12、们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。2 .反 义 法 如 h o t a n d c o l d,g i v e a n d r e c e i v e 等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。3 .释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）出并加以解释说明。4 .情景推断法、代词替代法等做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词；2）根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引练习：P a s s a g e 3:M o s t w o m e n i n G h a n a -y o u n g
13、 a n d o l d w o r k t o e a r n a n i n c o m e i n a d d i t i o n t om a i n t a i n i n g t h e i r r o l e s a s h o u s e w i v e s a n d m o t h e r s.T h e i r r e p u t a t i o n f o re c o n o m i c i n d e p e n d e n c e,s e l f-r e l i a n c e,a n d h a r d w o r k i s w e l l k n o w n
14、 a n d w e l ld e s e r v e d （应得的，值得的）.Q:W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s c l o s e s t i n m e a n i n g t o t h e u n d e r l i n e d w o r d“i l l i t e r a t e”A.r e p e a t B.r e i t e r a t e dC.u n e d u c a t e d D.s i c k四.推理判断型推理判断题：高考重头戏，2 0 个题中常有6-8 个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力透过现象看本
15、质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断题（做题要领）既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型常见的命题方式有:1 .暗示）t h a t.2 .）f r o m t h e p a s s a g e t h a t _3 .推论）？4 .语气）o f t h e a u t h o r?5 .目的）o f t h i s p a
16、s s a g e?6 .7.练习：P a s s a g e 4T h e c o n c e p t （n.观念）o f p e r s o n a l c h o i c e i n r e l a t i o n t o h e a l t h b e h a v i o r s i sa n i m p o r t a n t o n e.A b o u t 9 0 p e r c e n t o f a l l i l l n e s s e s m i g h t b e p r e v e n t a b l e i fi n d i v i d u a l （n.个 人）m
17、a d e s o u n d （a d j.健 康 的）p e r s o n a l h e a l t h c h o i c e s b a s e du p o n p r e s e n t （a d j.现在的）m e d i c a l k n o w l e d g e.W e a l l e n j o y o u r f r e e d o m o f c h o i c e a n d d o n o t l i k e t o s e e i t l i m i t e d w h e n i ti s w i t h i n t h e l e g a l （a d
18、 j.法律的）a n d m o r a l b o u n d a r i e s （n.界限）o f s o c i e t y.T h e s t r u c t u r e o f A m e r i c a n s o c i e t y a l l o w s u s t o m a k e a l m o s t a l l o u r o w np e r s o n a l d e c i s i o n s t h a t m a y a f f e c t o u r h e a l t h.I f w e d o d e s i r e,w e c a n s m o
19、k e ,d r i n k m u c h,r e f u s e t o w e a r s e a t b e l t s,e a t w h a t e v e r f o o d w e w a n t,a n d l i v e ac o m p l e t e l y s e d e n t a r y （a d j.久坐的，劳心的）l i f e s t y l e w i t h o u t a n y e x e r c i s e.Q:T h e c o n c e p t o f p e r s o n a l c h o i c e a b o u t h e a l
20、 t h i s i m p o r t a n t b e c a u s e .A.p e r s o n a l h e a l t h c h o i c e s h e l p c u r e m o s t i l l n e s s e s.B.i t h e l p s r a i s e t h e l e v e l o f o u r m e d i c a l k n o w l e d g e.C.i t i s b a s i c t o p e r s o n a l f r e e d o m i n A m e r i c a n s o c i e t y.
21、D.w r o n g d e c i s i o n s c o u l d l e a d t o p o o r h e a l t h.P a s s a g e dA t e a c h e r w h o c o n t i n u a l l y d r a w s a t t e n t i o n t o r e w a r d s o r w h o h a n d s o u t h i g hg r a d e s f o r o r d i n a r y a c h i e v e m e n t （n.成 绩）e n d s u p w i t h u n i n
22、 s p i r e d s t u d e n t s.E i s e n b e r g e r h o l d s （v i.认为）.A s a n e x a m p l e o f t h e l a t t e r （a d j.近 来 的）p o i n t （n.观点）,h e n o t e s （v i.特另i j 指出）g r o w i n g e f f o r t s a t m a j o r u n i v e r s i t i e s t ot i g h t e n （v.使变得更紧）g r a d i n g s t a n d a r d s （及 格
23、 标 准）a n d r e s t o r e （v t.恢复使用）f a i l i n g g r a d e s （不及格分数或标准）.Q:It c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m t h e p a s s a g e t h a t m a j o r u n i v e r s i t i e s a r e t r y i n g t ot i g h t e n t h e i r g r a d i n g s t a n d a r d s b e c a u s e t h e y b e l i e v e _ _ _ _ _.A.r
24、e w a r d i n g p o o r p e r f o r m a n c e （n.成 绩）m a y k i l l t h e c r e a t i v i t y o fs t u d e n t s .B.p u n i s h m e n t i s m o r e e f f e c t i v e t h a n r e w a r d i n g.C.f a i l i n g （v.给 不及格）u n i n s p i r e d s t u d e n t s h e l p s i m p r o v e t h e i r o v e r a l 1（
25、a d j.全 面 的）a c a d e m i c （a d j.学 校 的）s t a n d a r d s.D.D i s c o u r a g i n g （v t.使失 去 信 心）t h e s t u d e n t s?a n t i c i p a t i o n （n.预期之事物）f o r e a s y r e w a r d s i s a m a t t e r o f u r g e n c y （n.紧 急）.Su m m a r y 研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力，因此有关阅读理解题
26、目更为重要的是:主旨大意型，推理判断型我建议做阅读理解的时候采取边读问题边读阅读材料的方法，具体操作如下1.一般先读一到两个问题，然后读文章的一至二段，采用上面的做题方法找出答案。然后再读一到两个题目，再读文章再找答案。（因为文章设题基本上是根据文章的顺序来的）除了主旨大意题需要我们纵观全文，一般我们都能采取边读问题边读材料的方法，逐个完成。2 .记住先问题后材料，然后用笔把问题中重要的关键词划出来，以便在文章中寻找答案。3 .如果采取先读完问题后读完文章，你会发现问题太多记不住；如果先读文章，后读问题，你会发先没有目标的阅读效率是极低的，很容易造成回读，所以最好的方法我觉得是边读问题边读材料
27、。AW h e n m y s o n,M a r k,w a s i n t h e t h i r d g r a d e,h e s a v e d a l l h i s p o c k e t m o n e y f o ro v e r t h r e e m o n t h s t o b u y h o l i d a y p r e s e n t s.T h e t h i r d Sa t u r d a y i n D e c e m b e rM a r k s a i d h e h a d m a d e h i s l i s t a n d h a d t w
28、 e n t y d o l l a r s i n h i s p o c k e t.I d r o v e h i m t o a n e a r b y s u p e r m a r k e t.M a r k p i c k e d u p a h a n d b a s k e t a n d w e n ti n w h i l e 1 w a i t e d a n d w a t c h e d i n t h e c a r.It t o o k M a r k o v e r 4 5 m i n u t e s t oc h o o s e h i s p r e s
29、e n t s.Fi n a l l y h e c a m e t o t h e c h e c k o u t c o u n t e r （交款处）a n dr e a c h e d i n t o h i s p o c k e t f o r h i s m o n e y.It w a s n o t t h e r e!T h e r e w a s a h o l e i nh i s p o c k e t,b u t n o m o n e y.M a r k s t o o d t h e r e h o l d i n g h i s b a s k e t,t e
30、 a r s f a l l i n gd o w n h i s f a c e.T h e n a s u r p r i s i n g t h i n g h a p p e n e d.A w o m a n c a m e u p t o M a r k a n d t o o k h i m i nh e r a r m s.Y o u w o u l d h e l p m e a l o t i f y o u l e t m e p a y f o r y o u,“s a i d t h ew o m a n.It w o u l d b e t h e m o s t
31、w o n d e r f u l g i f t y o u c o u l d g i v e m e.I o n l y a s kt h a t o n e d a y y o u w i l l p a s s i t o n.W h e n y o u g r o w u p,I w o u l d l i k e y o u t o f i n dsomeone you can help.When you help others,I know you will feel as good aboutit as I do now.”Mark took the money,dried
32、his tears and ran back to the checkout counter asfast as he could.That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Markenjoyed giving them to us.I would like to say“thank you“to that very kind woman,and tell her thatfour years later,Mark went house to house collecting blankets(毯子)andclothes for
33、the homeless people in the fair.And I want to promise her thatMark will never forget to keep passing it on.根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。()46.When did the story probably happen?A.On Christmas Day.B.Before Christmas Day.C.On New Year,s Day.D.After New Year s Day.()47.When they got to the supermarket,Mark
34、 went in A.with the writer B.by himself C.with the woman D.with his friends()48.What happened to Mark in the supermarket?A.His gifts were stolen.B.He broke his basket.C.He lost his money.D.He lost his way.()49.Why did the writer want to say uthank you“to the woman?A.Because she bought Mark a nice pr
35、esent.B.Because she always paid money for others.C.Because she collected clothes for the homeless.D.Because she taught Mark to help people in need.()50.What s the best title for this passage?A.A big supermarket B.A kind woman C.A happy family D.A wonderful giftBE v e r y o n e h a s g o t t w o p e
36、r s o n a l i t i e s (性格)一t h e o n e t h a t i s s h o w n t o t h ew o r l d a n d t h e o t h e r t h a t i s s e c r e t a n d r e a l.Y o u d o n,t s h o w y o u r s e c r e tp e r s o n a l i t y w h e n y o u r e a w a k e b e c a u s e y o u c a n c o n t r o l y o u r s e l f,b u t w h e n
37、y o u r e a s l e e p,y o u r s l e e p i n g p o s i t i o n s h o w s t h e r e a l y o u.T n a n o r m a l n i g h t,o f c o u r s e,y o u o f t e n c h a n g e y o u r s l e e p i n g p o s i t i o n s.T h e i m p o r t a n t p o s i t i o nt h a t b e s t s h o w s y o u r s e c r e t p e r s o
38、 n a l i t y i s t h e o n e t h a t y o u g o t o s l e e p.If y o u g o t o s l e e p o n y o u r b a c k,y o u r e a v e r y o p e n p e r s o n.Y o u n o r m a l l yt r u s t p e o p l e a n d y o u a r e e a s i l y i n f l u e n c e d b y n e w i d e a s.Y o u d o n,t l i k e t om a k e p e o
39、p l e u n h a p p y,s o y o u n e v e r e x p r e s s y o u r r e a l f e e l i n g s.Y o u r e q u i t es h y a n d y o u a r e n,t v e r y c o n f i d e n t.If y o u s l e e p o n y o u r s t o m a c h,y o u a r e a p e r s o n w h o l i k e s t o k e e p s e c r e t s.Y o u w o r r y a l o t a n
40、d y o u r e a l w a y s e a s i l y b e c o m i n g s a d.Y o u n e v e r w a n t t oc h a n g e y o u r i d e a s,b u t y o u a r e s a t i s f i e d w i t h y o u r l i f e t h e w a y i t i s.Y o uu s u a l l y l i v e f o r t o d a y n o t f o r t o m o r r o w.If y o u s l e e p o n c u r l e d
41、 u p (蜷缩)，y o u a r e p r o b a b l y a v e r y n e r v o u s p e r s o n.Y o u h a v e a l o w o p i n i o n o f y o u r s e l f a n d o f t e n p r o t e c t y o u r s e l f f r o m b e i n g h u r t,s o y o u a r e v e r y d e f e n s i v e.Y o u r e s h y a n d y o u d o n,t u s u a l l y l i k
42、e m e e t i n gp e o p l e.Y o u l i k e t o b e o n y o u r o w n.If y o u s l e e p o n y o u r s i d e,y o u h a v e u s u a l l y g o t a w e l l-b a l a n c e d (平衡的)p e r s o nal it y.Yo u k no w y o u r s t r e ng t hs and w e ak ne s s e s.Yo u r e u s u al l y c ar e f u l.Yo u hav e a c o
43、nf ide nt p e r s o nal it y.Yo u s o me t ime s f e e l w o r r ie d,b u t y o u do n,to f t e n g e t u nhap p y.Yo u al w ay s s ay w hat y o u t hink,e v e n if it mak e s p e o p l eang r y.根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。()5 1.Yo u may f ind t he p as s ag e in.A.a s c ie nc e mag az ine B.a g u ide
44、 b o o k C.a s p o r t s ne w s p ap e r D.a s t o r y b o o k()5 2.Whe n do e s t he s l e e p ing p o s it io n b e s t s ho w y o u r s e c r e t p e r s o nal it y?A.I n t he day t ime.B.At t he b e g inning o f s l e e p.C.At nig ht.D.Du r ing t he de e p s l e e p.()5 3.Tina har dl y t e l l s
45、 he r s e c r e t s t o he r f r ie nds.She p r o b ab l y g o e s t os l e e p .A.o n c u r l e d u p B.o n he r s t o mac h C.o n he r b ac k D.o n he r s ide()5 4.What do e s t he w o r d de f e ns iv e me an in t he p as s ag e?A.易 怒 的 B.攻 击 性 的 C.外 向 的 D.有戒心的()5 5.What do e s t he p as s ag e t
46、 e l l u s?A.Sl e e p ing o n y o u r s ide is t he b e s t w ay o f s l e e p ing.B.Chang ing p o s it io ns w il l c au s e s l e e p ing p r o b l e ms.C.Sl e e p ing p o s it io ns s ho w p e o p l e,s s e c r e t p e r s o nal it ie s.D.Eno u g h s l e e p mak e s p e o p l e l o o k b e t t e
47、r and he al t hie r.(.A.s c ho o l name B.e-mail addr e s sC.y e ar o f b ir t h D.t e l e p ho ne nu mb e r()5 7.What is r e q u ir e d f o r t he ar t ic l e s w ant e d ac c o r ding t o t he p as s ag e?A.B.The y mu s t b e f u l l y c r e at e d b y t he w r it e r s t he ms e l v e s.The y mu
48、s t b e t y p e d in s ing l e s p ac e and o n b o t h s ide s.C.The y mu s t b e p r o v ide d w it h p ho t o s and de s c r ip t io ns.D.The y mu s t b e s e nt w it h t he c o p ie s o f t e xt s and p ic t u r e s.()5 8.Ac c o r ding t o t he p as s ag e,y o u c an s e nd y o u r ar t ic l e s
49、 _.A.w it hin 3 w e e k s B.ail s u mme r C.ail t he y e ar r o u nd D.du r ing t he w ho l et e r m()5 9.H o w many w ay s c an y o u f ind in t he p as s ag e t o c o nt ac t Sc ho o l L if e?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.()60.Who do y o u t hink w il l w r it e ar t ic l e s f o r Sc ho o l L if e?A.St u de nt
50、 s w ho ar e int e r e s t e d in w r it ing.B.Te ac he r s w ho l o v e w r it ing and t ak ing p ho t o s.C.P ar e nt s w ho w is h t he ir k ids t o b e p o p u l ar w r it e r s.D.Re ade r s w ho had a hap p y t ime in t he ir c hil dho o d.DJ e s s ie f e l t he r l if e s o b o r ing o ne s u