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1、04年 Text 1Hunting for a job late last year,lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder,a jobdatabase on the Internet.He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites“personal search agent.Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria suchas location,title,and sa
2、lary,then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in thedatabase.Redmon chose the keywords legal,intellectual property,and Washington,D.C.Three weeks later,he got his first notification of an opening.struck gold J says Redmon,who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-h
3、ouse counsel for acompany.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet,finding promising openings can betime-consuming and inefficient.Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to thedatabases.But although a search agent worked for Redmon,career experts seedrawbacks.Narrowing your
4、criteria,for example,may work against you:Every time youanswer a question you eliminate a possibility.says one expert.For any job search,you should start with a narrow concept-what you think you want todo-then broaden it.None of these programs do that,says another expert.Theres nocareer counseling i
5、mplicit in all of this/5 Instead,the best strategy is to use the agent as akind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database;when you get E-mail,consider it a reminder to check the database again.would not rely on agents for findingeverything that is added to a database that might
6、 interest me J says the author of ajob-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return.When CareerSite,s agentsends out messages to those who have signed up for its service,for example,it includesonly three potential jobs-those it considers the best matches.There may be
7、 morematches in the database;job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them-andthey do.On the day after we send our messages,we see a sharp increase in our traffic Jsays Seth Peets,vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents wor
8、thwhile.Some usethem to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information oncompensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.Although happily employed,Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder.uYou always keep your eyes open J hesays.Working with a personal s
9、earch agent means having another set of eyes looking outfor you.41.How did Redmon find his job?A By searching openings in a job database.B By posting a matching position in a database.C By using a special service of a database.D By E-mailing his resume to a database.42.Which of the following can be
10、a disadvantage of search agents?A Lack of counseling.B Limited number of visits.C Lower efficiency.D Fewer successful matches.43.The expression tip service(Line 4,Paragraph 3)most probably means.A advisoryB compensationC interactionD reminder44.Why does CareerSites agent offer each job hunter only t
11、hree job options?A To focus on better job matches.B To attract more returning visits.C To reserve space for more messages.D To increase the rate of success.45.Which of the following is true according to the text?A Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B Some sites keep E-mailing jo
12、b seekers to trace their demands.C Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.D Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century,all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned ormade illegal.But one insidious for
13、m continues to thrive:alphabetism.This,for those asyet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whosesurnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiaccars when customers
14、 thumb through their phone directories.Less well known is theadvantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo?Zysman.English names are fairly evenlyspread between the halves of the alphabet.Yet a suspiciously large number of top peoplehave surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the Ameri
15、can president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and Crespectively;and 26 of George Bushs predecessors(including his father)had surnamesin the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.Even more striking,six ofthe seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries a
16、re alphabetically advantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,Chretien and Koizumi).The worlds three top centralbankers(Greenspan,Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet,even if one of them really uses Japanese characters.As are the worlds five richest men(Gates,Buffett,Allen,Elli
17、son and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence?One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed bythe alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early.At the start of the first year ininfant school,teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front,to make it easier toremember their na
18、mes.So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row,and israrely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers.At the time thealphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.Yet the result maybe worse qualifications,because they get less individual a
19、ttention,as well as lessconfidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues.At university graduation ceremonies,the ABCs proudly gettheir awards first;by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having aZZZ.Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers,lists of conferen
20、ce speakers andattendees:all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,and their recipients lose interest as theyplough through them.46.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?A A kind of overlooked inequality.B A type of conspicuous bias.C A type of personal prejudice.D A
21、 kind of brand discrimination.47.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?A In both East and West,names are essential to success.B The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo?Zysman.C Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D Some form of discrimination is too subtle to
22、 recognize.48.The 4th paragraph suggests that.A questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD students should be seated according to their eyesight49.What does the autho
23、r mean by“most people are literally having a ZZZM(Lines 2-3,Paragraph 5)?A They are getting impatient.B They are noisily dozing off.C They are feeling humiliated.D They are busy with word puzzles.5O.Which of the following is true according to the text?A People with surnames beginning with N to Z are
24、 often ill-treated.B VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional biasText 3When it comes to the slowing economy,Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet.But
25、 the47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting,filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to,either.Most of her clients spend$12 to$50 weekly,but last month two longtime customerssuddenly stopped showing up.Spero blames the softening economy.4trm a goodeconomic indicator,“she says.I provide a service t
26、hat people can do without whentheyre concerned about saving some dollars.So Spero is downscaling,shopping atmiddle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home,instead ofNeiman Marcus.ul dont know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.she says.Even before Alan Greenspans ad
27、mission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling,lotsof working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.From cardealerships to Gap outlets,sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper theirspending.For retailers,who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue betweenThanks
28、giving and Christmas,the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.Already,experts say,holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace.But dont sound anyalarms just yet.Consumers seem only mildly concerned,not panicked,and many say theyremain optimistic about the economys long-term prospect
29、s,even as they do somemodest belt-tightening.Consumers say theyVe not in despair because,despite the dreadful headlines,their ownfortunes still feel pretty good.Home prices are holding steady in most regions.InManhattan,theres a new gold rush happening in the$4 million to$10 million range,predominan
30、tly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“says broker Barbara Corcoran.In SanFrancisco,prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.6lnstead of 20 to 30offers,now maybe you only get two or three,says John Tealdi,a Bay Area real-estatebroker.And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about the
31、ir ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown.Potential home buyers would cheer forlower interest rates.Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,which investorsnow view as a n
32、ecessary ingredient to a sustained boom.Diners might see an upside,too.Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible.Not anymore.For that,Greenspan&Co.may still be worth toasting.51.By“Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet(Lines 1 -2,Paragraph 1),the autho
33、rmeans.A Spero can hardly maintain her businessB Spero is too much engaged in her workC Spero has grown out of her bad habitD Spero is not in a desperate situation52.How do the public feel about the current economic situation?A Optimistic.B Confused.C Carefree.D Panicked.53.When mentioning 41he$4 mi
34、llion to$10 million range(Lines 3-4,Paragraph 3)theauthor is talking about.A gold marketB real estateC stock exchangeD venture investment54.Why can many people see“silver linings to the economic slowdown?A They would benefit in certain ways.B The stock market shows signs of recovery.C Such a slowdow
35、n usually precedes a boom.D The purchasing power would be enhanced.55.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?A A new boom,on the horizon.B Tighten the belt,the single remedy.C Caution all right,panic not.D The more ventures,the more chances.Text 4Americans today dont place a very hi
36、gh value on intellect.Our heroes are athletes,entertainers,and entrepreneurs,not scholars.Even our schools are where we send ourchildren to get a practical education-not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find.Sc
37、hools have always been in a society where practical is more important thanintellectual,n says education writer Diane Ravitch,Schools could be a counterbalance.Ravitchs latest book,Left Back:A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots ofanti-intellectualism in our schools,concluding they are
38、anything but a counterbalance tothe American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be.Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves themvulnerable to exploitation and control.Without the ability to think critically,to defend theirideas and understand the ideas of othe
39、rs,they cannot fully participate in our democracy.Continuing along this path,says writer Earl Shorris,uWe will become a second-ratecountry.We will have a less civil society.”Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,writes historian and professorRichard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism
40、 in American Life,a Pulitzer-Prize winning bookon the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics,religion,and education.From thebeginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and populist urges have drivenus to reject anything that smells of elitism.Practicality,common sense,and nativeint
41、elligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learnfrom a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling andrigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:We are shut up in schoolsand college recitation rooms for 10 or 1
42、5 years and come out at last with a bellyful ofwords and do not know a thing.”Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified Americananti-intellectualism.Its hero avoids being civilized-going to school and learning to read-so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect,according to Hofstadter,is differe
43、nt from native intelligence,a quality wereluctantly admire.Intellect is the critical,creative,and contemplative side of the mind.Intelligence seeks to grasp,manipulate,re-order,and adjust,while intellect examines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellec
44、t is mistrusted.Hofstadter says our countryseducational system is in the grips of people who joyfully and militantly proclaim theirhostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the leastintellectual promise.”56.What do American parents expect their children to acquire
45、 in school?A The habit of thinking independently.B Profound knowledge of the world.C Practical abilities for future career.D The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57.We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of.A undervaluing intellectB favoring intellectualismC supporting school re
46、formD suppressing native intelligence58.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are.A identicalB similarC complementaryD opposite59.Emerson,according to the text,is p r o b a b l y.A a pioneer of education reformB an opponent of intellectualismC a scholar in favor of intellectD an advocate of
47、regular schooling60.What does the author think of intellect?A It is second to intelligence.B It evolves from common sense.C It is to be pursued.D It underlies power05 年 Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that acolleague has been given a bigger one.I
48、ndeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,youmight even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human J with theunderlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developedsense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory Universityin Atla
49、nta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all toomonkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They lookcute.They are good-natured,co-operative creatures,and they share their food readily.Above all,like their female human counterp
50、arts,they tend to pay much closer attention tothe value of“goods and services“than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnans and Dr.de Waalsstudy.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens forfood.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to