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1、2023届新高考英语备考复习高考英语常考易混名词归纳考题再现（完填节选）：伊J l.We need to consider what we will be using for language training.A.abilities B.appliances C.facilities D.qualities伊J 2.1 saw Bob play the piano at Johns party and on that he was simply brilliant.A.scene B.circumstance C.occasion D.situation常考名词辨析I.cause,reaso
2、n,excusecause是造成一种事实或现象的“原因、起因“，后接介词of;reason是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，后接介词for;一 excuse意为“借口、辩解。如：Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.粗心通常是火灾的起因。You must tell him the reason why you wont accept his offer.你必须告诉他你不接受他的提议的原因。Late again!Whats your excuse this tim e?又迟到 了 ！你这次的借 口 是什么？三个词都有“错误、过错”的意思mistake几乎等
3、于error,只不过error更正式，更常用于书面语error强调“（道德方面的）过失”；_ fault则强调“（性格上的）小缺点但以上三个词在一些固定短语中却不能混用。如an error of judgment（判断错误）,by mistake（错误地）,find fault with.（找茬儿、挑剔）it is someones fault（是某人的过错）It was a mistake buying that car.He cant forget the errors of his youth.Your only fault is that you wont concentrate.jo
4、urney适用范围很广，可指陆、海、空的旅行，常指距离较远的旅行。trip指短时间、短距离的旅行，与journ6y通常互换使用，常与其搭配的动词有make,take,go o n等。travel泛指旅游，前面一般不用冠词，复数形式travels多指旅行经历或到国外旅行，前面不能用many和其他数词修饰。journey和trip强调往返性，而travel不侧重往返性，可以是单程旅行。tour指环游一个地方。voyage指海上旅行或航海。如：Have a good journey/trip!This post involves a large amount of foreign travel.He
5、 made a tour around the city.Titanic sank on its maiden voyage.4.sight,view,scene,scenery-sight意为：目光；视力；视野；看到；景物，供参观或游览的地方；情景，景象。view是可数名词，指从某一特定点观看到的东西、景物，尤其是美丽的自然风景。它还可以表示“风景画”、“风景照片scenery是一个不可数名词，是大自然风景的总称，其中包含了许多个scene.如：Birds have better sight than dogs.We have a fine view of the lake from our
6、 hotel window.Various views of the coast hang on the walls.There are many beautiful scenes in the out-of-town park.Guilin is world-famous for her fine scenery.5.habit,custom,customsrhabit指个人在长时间内逐渐养成的、一时不易改变的行为和习惯;custom则强调社会、民族经过一个较长时间过程而形成的“风俗”、“习惯”；customs为复数名词，意思是“关税”、“进口税”。the Customs表示“海关”的意思。
7、如:He has formed the habit of saving money.Social customs vary greatly from country to country.The officials in the Customs at Beijing Airport are very polite.6.award 与 rewardaward用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”；reward作名词时，意为“报酬”、“奖励、报 答 如：The film awards are presented annually.A reward was offered for the return
8、of the passport.7.climate 与 weatherr climate指“一个地区的平均气温或长期固定的气候状况”，含科学色彩。-weather指“特定一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况”，包括阴、晴、雨、雾、雪等。如:The climate here is not good for you.You should wrap up your throat in this cold weather.8.cloth,clothes,clothing这三个词音、形相近，且词义都与“布料、衣服”有关，但各自用法不同。-cloth用作不可数名词时，表示物质概念，指做衣服用的“布料”、毛料”、
9、“丝绸”等；用作可数名词时，表示“做用的布clothes指人们穿的“衣服”、“服装”,包括上下、内外衣；clothes总是以复数形式出现,可以与many,these,those,a suit/two suits o f等连用，但不可以用数词修饰。clothing是“衣服”的总称，包括了衣服、帽子、手套等衣物，它是一个不可数名词，与动-词搭配时，用单数形式。如：How much cloth will I need to make a pair of pants?Use soft cloths to polish the car.What do you think of this suit of
10、clothes?Our clothing protects us from the cold.9.problein 与 questionproblem 总是与“困难”联系在一起，特别指疑难的或困难的有待于解决的问题，如；数学、研究等方面的问题。常 作 think about,solve,m ise的宾语。question总是和“疑问”联系在一起，指的是需要回答的问题，一般问题或易解决的问题，如：时间、_金钱、死活等方面。常 作 ask,answer的宾语。如：How to do it is a problem.Can I ask a question?lO.job,labor,workj o
11、b 意为：a piece of work,是可数名词，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作。当汉语译为“工作”而实际含义指“职业”时,要 用 job.work通常指抽象意义上的工作，作名词时，是不可数名词；work也可以指“工程”，但须用复数形式；w ork可指“工 作 场 所 它 还 可 以 用 作 动 词。labor意为：劳动、工作，多指艰苦的体力劳动，也可指脑力劳动。labor是可数名词，作“工作 懈时，师用复数形式，它也可作动词。如：Driving is a good job.Im busy today,because I have lots of work to do.He felt
12、very tired after his labors.11.waiter,servant,attendantwaiter意为 侍者”，指饭店、旅馆、餐厅里的男侍者。女侍者是waitressservant意为“仆人”，“佣人”，指为工资、膳宿在别人家干活的人attendant意为“仆人”，侍从”，指跟随某人并为其服务的人。如:Waiters and waitresses work in restaurants,hotels,cafe and snack bars.While we were waiting for the coffee,the head waiter came up to us
13、 bearing a large basket full of huge peaches.The millionaire had a staff of 30 servants.The queen was always surrounded by her attendants.12.act,action,deed-act用作名词时，与action,deed均可表“行为”，“举动”。act指时间较短的个人行动或行为，强调结果。action较正式，往往指包含多个步骤，且持续时间较长的行为或行动，强调行为的过程。deed为正式用语，多指“伟大的、显著的、感 人 的 行 为 如：The farmer c
14、aught the boys in the act of stealing his apples.Actions are more important than words.They thanked him for his good deeds.advantage常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位、机会或时机。benefit指物质利益或精神方面的好处。profit多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如：He had the advantage of good education.I get no personal benefit from the business.Did you make any
15、profit last year?14.base 与 basisbase表示事物的底部，多用于具体事物。basis多用于比喻，主要指基础，多用于抽象的。如:This is the base of a pillar.His ideas have no basis in reality.15.duty 与 responsibilityduty意义较广，多指发自内心的道德伦理上的责任感。responsibility着重指从道义或法律上对事件的后果负责。如:Every citizen has the duty to construct his country.I took full responsib
16、ility for breaking the vase.16.faine,honor,reputation都可表“名声”。fame是常用词，一般指“好的名声”。honor荣誉，尊敬，指受到公众崇敬的荣誉和光荣。reputation名誉，指公众对某人的看法，可好可坏。如:He was not anxious for fame.This is an honor more than I can deserve.He has a reputation for laziness.都有天才之意。genius天才，是这三个词中程度最高的词。g ift天赋，比“天才”的意义要弱一点，可用复数。talent才能
17、，一般不用复数，指通过学习和勤奋掌握的本领、技术和其他的活动能力。如:Shakespeare was a man of great genius.He is a man of many gifts.As a novelist,he shows great talent in characterization.18.chance,opportunity,occasionchance多指偶然的机会，意外的机会，带有侥幸的意味。opportunity主要指能够去做某事，尤其是达到自己目的，实现某种愿望的好机会。occasion主要指“时机”，“场合”，也含有“机会”的意思。如：Even so,it
18、was a lucky chance that he could do it.You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.19.purpose,goal,aim,end,object-purpose目的，意图，多指比较确定，采取坚决的行动去达到的目的。goal指经过仔细考虑而选中的比较大的目标，常需要努力或克服困难才能达到的目的。ai
19、m常指短期目标，往往比较具体，也比较实际。end目标，目的，较正式。object指较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望。如:The tutor explained the purpose of the exercise.Her goal is to be a singer.My first aim is to receive a complete and good education.My chief end is to serve my country and my people.What is the object of your visit?army军队，着重指军队这个整体，包
20、括陆、海、空三军。当与navy（海军）和airforce（空军）并列使用时，则指陆军。force军队，部队，着重指武力，常用复数；troop部队，着重指构成军队的士兵成员，常用复数。如：We will have not only a powerful army but also a powerful air force and a powerful navy.Forces were sent out to stop the conflict.They sent the troops to the front.21.pay,salai-y,wagepay薪金，泛指对付出劳动给予的报酬，不分发放对
21、象，只用单数，尤指军队的军饷。mlary工资，指按月或年支付给脑力劳动者的工资。.wage工资，指定期支付给体力劳动者或临时工的工资，常用复数。如：They are asking for equal pay for equal work.The family live on his salary,He works at wages of ten dollars a week.22.zone,district,area,region,beltzone地带，地区，区域，指某一特定的地方或区域；district IK ,行政区，指一国家或城市按行政区的划分；area面积，范围，一般用语，没有明确的外围界限，也可指占地面积;region地区，指较大范围内的区域，一般按自然条件和自身特点划分；-belt地带，通常指狭长的地带。如：Most of China is in the temperate zone.the economic development district 经济开发区The factory covers an area of 500 mu.Tibet is an autonomous region.The northern part of the country is usually regarded as the wheat belt.