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1、2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试卷Section lllse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for eachnumbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Millionsof Americansand foreignerssee Gl.Joe as amindlesswar toy,thesymbolthat sneed tobe.lb themen andadventurism,butofAm
2、ericannot how itmilitaryWar Hand thepeople they2 man grownwomen who 1 inWorldliberated,the Gl was theinto hero,the poor farm kidtom away from hishome,the guywho 3 allthe burdenswho sleptincoldfoxholes,who went withoutthe 4 offood andshelter,of battles,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign o
3、f murder.Thiswas not a volunteersoldier,notsomeone wellpaid,5 an average guy up 6 thebest trained,best equipped,fiercest,most brutal enemies in centuries.His name isnt much.GI.is just a military abbreviation7Government Issue,and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers.And Joe?Acommon name for a
4、guywho never 9 it to the top.Joe Blow,Joe Palooka,Joe Magrac?a workingclass name.The United States has 10 had a president orvice-president or secretary of stateJoe.GL Joe had a 11 careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKorean troops.He appearsas a character or a 12 of American personalities,in the 1945mov
5、ie The Story ofGL Joe,based on the lastdays ofwar correspondentEmiePyle.Someofthe soldiersPoly 13 portrayed themselves in the film.Pyle was famous forcovering the 14 sideof the war,writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers,nothow many miles were“Willie”cartoonsreports 16 theliberated.15 or what t
6、ownswere captured orHisMaulden.Bothmen 17 theand Stripesof famedStarsartistdirtBilland exhaustionof war,the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with eachother and thecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19 Egypt,France,and a dozenmore countries,GL Joe was Americansoldiers,20 themos
7、timportantperson in theirlives.1.AperformedBservedCrebelledDbetrayed1/202.AactualBcommon CspecialD normal3.AboreBcausedCremovedD loaded4.AnecessitiesBfacilitiesCcommoditiesD properties5.AandBnorCbutDhence6.AforBintoCfromDagainst7.AmeaningBimplyingCsymbolizingDclaiming8.Ahanded outBturned overCbrough
8、t backDpassed down9.ApushedBgotCmade Dmanaged1O.AeverBneverCeitherDneither11.AdisguisedBdisturbedCdisputedDdistinguished12.AcompanyBcollection CcommunityDcolony13.AemployedBappointedCinterviewedDquestioned14.AethicalBmilitaryCpoliticalDhuman15.A ruinedB commutedC patrolledD gained16.AparalleledB cou
9、nteractedC duplicatedD contradicted17.A neglectedB avoidedCemphasizedD admired18.A stagesBillusionsC fragmentsD advances19.A With B ToC AmongD Beyond20.A on the contraryB by this meansC from the outsetD atthatpoint2/20Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Ans
10、wer the questions beloweach text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students andeven many parents,but in recentlyyears it has been particularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacross thecountry,most recently Los Angeles Uni
11、fied,are revising theirthinking on thiseducational ritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced aninflexible policywhich mandates that with the exception of some advancedcourses,homework may nolonger count for more than 10%of a studenf s academicgrade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty th
12、at students fromimpoverishedor chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.But the policy is unclear andcontradictory.Certainly,no homework should be assigned thatstudents cannotcomplete on their own or that they cannot do withoutexpensive equipment.Butif the district is essentially giving
13、 a pass to students who do notdo theirhomework because of complicated family lives,it is goingriskily close to theimplication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a part ofschooling0teachers are allowedto assign as much of it as
14、they want.But with homeworkcountingfor no more than 10%of their grades,students can easily skiphalf their homeworkand see very little difference on their report cards.Somestudents might do well onstate tests without completing their homework,but what aboutthe students whoperformed well on the tests
15、and did their homework?It is quitepossible that thehomework helped.Yet rather than empowering teachers to findwhat works best fortheir students,the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time,the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questionsabouthomework.If the districtfinds h
16、omework to be unimportant toits students academicachievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate theassignments,not make them3/20count for almost nothing.Conversely,if should account for asignificant portion ofthe grade.Meanwhile,this policy does nothing to ensure that thehomeworkstudents receive
17、is meaningful or appropriate to their age andthe subject,or that teachers are notassigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the shoolboard,whichis responsible for setting educational policy,looks into thematter and conductspublic hearing
18、s.It is not too late for L.A.Unified to dohomework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays h o m e w o rk.A is receiving more criticismBis no longer an educational ritualCis not required for advanced coursesDis gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainl
19、ybecausepoor s t u d e n t s.A tend to have moderate expectations for theireducation Bhave asked for a different educationalstandard Cmay have problems finishing their homeworkDhave voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3 one problem with the policy isthat it ma y.Adiscoura
20、ge students from doing homeworkBresult in students indifference to their report cardsCundermine the authority of state tests4/20Drestrict teachers power in education24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4 a key questionunanswered about homework is.A it should be eliminatedB it counts much in schoolingC it pl
21、aces extra burdens on teachersD it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be.A wrong Interpretations of an Educational PolicyB A Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC Thorny Questions about HomeworkD A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText 2Pretty in pink:adultwomen do not remember be
22、ing soobsessed with thecolour,yetit isin ouryoung girlsit is notthatpink pervasivelives.isintrinsicallygirlhoodbad,but itissucha tinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughit may celebrateand firmly fusesgirls repeatedlyitalsoidentitytoappearance.Thenin one way,it presents that connection,even among two-year-ol
23、ds,between girls as not onlyinnocentbutas evidenceof innocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedat thesingularlack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attractiontopinkmay seem unavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,but according to Jo Paoletti.an associateprofessoritofAmericanStudiesJsnot.inth
24、ecolour-codedwere notat all until20th century,theearlyerabeforeChildrendomestic washing machines all babies wore white as apractical matter,since theonly way of gettingclothesclean was to boil them.Whats more,bothboys and girlswore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.Whennursery colours w
25、ere5/20introduced,pink was actually considered the more masculinecolour,a pastelversionBlue,with its intimationsof the Virginof red,which wasassociated with strength.Mary,constancy and faithfulness,symbolized femininity.It wasnot until themid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences becamea dom
26、inant children,smarketing strategy,that pink fully came into its own,when itbegan to seeminherently attractive to girls,part of what defined them asfemale,at least forthe first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictatedour perception ofwhat is natural to kids,incl
27、uding our core beliefs about theirpsychologicaldevelopment.Take the toddler.l assumed that phase wassomething expertsdeveloped s behavior:wrong.Turns out,according toafter years ofresearch into childrenDaniel Cook,a historianof childhoodconsumerism,it was popularizedas a marketingtrick by clothing m
28、anufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publicationscounseled departmentstoresthat,inorderto increasesales,create a“third stepping stone”betweenkids andolderwearthey shouldinfant“toddler became a common shoppers term thatitclothes.It was only aftera broadlyaccepted developmentalintoSplittingkids.oradults,st
29、age.evolved intoever-tinier categorieshas proved a sure-fire way to boostprofits.And one of theeasiest ways to segment a market is to magnify genderdifferences-or invent themwhere they did not previously exist.26.By saying uitis?the rainbow”(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeans p i n k.Ashould not be the so
30、le representation of girlhoodBshould not be associated with girls,innocenceCcannot explain girls lack of imaginationDcannot influence girls lives and interests27.According to paragraph 2,which of the following is true ofcolours?A Colours are encoded in girls DNA.B Blue used to be regarded as the col
31、our for girls.6/20C Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.D White is preferred by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of childrenspsychologicaldevelopment was much influenced by.Athe marketing of products for childrenBthe observation of childrens natureCresearches int
32、o childrens behaviourDstudies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from paragraph 4 that department storeswere advised t o.Afocus on infant wear and older kids clothesBattach equal importance to different gendersCjclassify consumers into smaller groupsDcreate some common shoppers terms30.It can b
33、e concluded that girls attraction to pink seems tobe.Aclearly explained by their inborn tendencyBfully understood by clothing manufacturersCmainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenDwell interpreted by psychological expertsText 37/20ln2010,a federal judge shook Americas biotechindustry to its core
34、.Companieshad won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some20%of human genes werepatented.But in March 2012 a judge ruledthat genes were unpatentable.Executiveswere violently agitated.The Biotechnology IndustryOrganisation(BIO),a tradegroup,assured members that this was just aupreliminaryste
35、p”in a longerbattleOn July 29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.Afederal appealscourtdecision,overturned the priorruling that Muriad Genetics could indeed hold patentsa woman,s riskof breast cancer.The chiefto two genes that help forecastexecutiveof Mytiad,a company in Utah,said the ruling w
36、as a blessing tofirms and patientsalike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalisedmedicine,the courtsCritics makerather busy.The Myriad case itselfis probablynotover.will remainso it maythreemain argumentsagainstgenepatents:ofnature,a gene is a producto geneo andpatentsinnovationrather
37、not be patentedthan rewarditpatentssuppressmonopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads Agrowing number seemto agree.Lastyear a federaltask-forceurged reformforpatentsrelatedtogeneticInOctober theDepartmentof JusticeabriefinfiledtheMyriadtests.case,arguingof nature?than isa productfib
38、resDNAmoleculethatanisolatedno lessare cotton“that have been separated from cotton seeds.Despite the appeals courts decision,big questions remainunanswered.Forexample,it is unclear whether the sequencing of a wholegenome violates the patents of individualgenes within it.The case may yet reach the Su
39、preme Court.As the industryadvances,however,other suits may have an eveng reate rim pact.Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for humanDNA molecules-most areunlikelypatented or in the public domain.Firms are nowstudyinghow genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to det
40、ermine thecauses of disease orpre diet a drug s efficacy.Companies are eager to winpatents for connectingthedots,“explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suitrelated to this issue,brought by theMayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.The B
41、IO recentlyheld a conventionwhich included sessions to coach lawyer on theshiftinglandscapefor patents.Each meeting was packed.8/2031.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the biotechcompanieswould l i ke.A their executives to be activeB judges to rule out gene patentingC genes to be patentableD t
42、he BIO to issue a warning32.Those who are against gene patents believe t hat,A genetic tests are not reliableB only man-made products are patentableC patants on genes depend much on innovationD courts should restrict access to genetic tests33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to winpatents
43、 f or.A establishing disease correlationsB discovering gene interactionsC drawing pictures of genesD identifying human DNA34.By saying“Each meeting was packed”(Line 4,Para.6),the author meanst hat.A the supreme court was authoritativeB the BIO was a powerful organisation9/20C gene patenting was a gr
44、eat concernD lawyers were keen to attend conventions35.Generally speaking,the author s attitudetoward genep a t e n t in g is.A criticalB supportiveC scornfulD objectiveText 4The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessnessis probablybeginning.Before it ends,it will likely change the
45、 life course andcharacter ofa generation of young adults.And ultimately,it is likely toreshape our politics,our culture,andthe character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in thisnationaleconomic disaster.Many said that unemployment,whileextremely pa
46、inful,hadimproved them in some ways:theyhad become less materialisticand more financiallyprudent。they were more aware of the struggles of others.Inlimited respects,perhaps the recession will leave societybetter off.At the very least,it has awokenus from our nationalfever dream of easy riches and big
47、ger houses,and put anecessaryend to an era of reckless personal spending.Thein and far uncertain,off.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economichistorian Benjamin Friedmanargues that both insideand outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic sta
48、gnationor decline have almost always left society more mean-spiritedand less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rightsand freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,asdoes conflict between races andclasses.10/20Income inequality usually falls during a recession,
49、but it has notshrunk inthisone.Indeed,thisclassdivides,periodofeconomicweaknessmay reinforceand-especially for young people.The researchdecreaseopportunities to cross themsuggeststhatnot allVon Wachter,the economicatColumbiallniversity.ofTillpeoplegraduatingchances dimmed:thosesee theirlifewithdegre
50、esfromintoa recessionbeenuniversitiescatchquicklyup fairlytowhere they otherwisewould haveelitebetter times itareinleftthe masses beneathisthemthatiftheyhad graduatedbehind.In the Internetage,itis particularlyeasy tosee theresentmentthat has alwaysbeen hidden within American society.More difficult,i