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1、BEC中级写作电子讲义第 一 讲 B E C 写作概述本课程安排简介写作共6 次课，第 1 次讲概述。BEC写作简介：1写作目的与要求1 Can make notes that are useful to both hiin/herself and to colleagues.2 Can write most letters he/she is likely to be asked to do;such errors as occur will notprevent understanding of the message.3 Can write a simple report.写作考试共进行
2、45分钟，占总成绩的2 5%,小作文占10分，大作文占2 0 分。2测试范围与选材1、身份介绍(Personal Identification)2、工作环境与日常事务(The office,general business,environment and routine)3、接待与闲暇活动(Entertainment of clients,free time,relationships with colleagues andclients)4、商务旅行(Travel)5、健 康(Health)6 购买与销售(Buying and selling)7 公司结构、系统及程序(Company str
3、uctures,systems,processes)8、产品与服务(Products and services)9 成果与成就(Results and achievements)其外，还会涉及其他的一般商务话题(Business issues)。3测试题型分析An Overview of BEC Vantage WritingPARTFunctions/CommunicativeTaskInputResponseRegister1Business Correspondence:e.g.giving instructions,explaining a development,asking for
4、 comments,requesting information,agreeing to requestsRubric only(plus layout ofoutput text type)Note,message,memo ore-mail(40-50 words)Neutral/informal2Correspondence:e.g.explaining,apologising,reassuring,complainingReport:describing,summarisingProposal:describing,summarising,recommending,persuading
5、One or more pieces of inputfrom:businesscorrespondence(mediummay be letter,fax or e-mail),internal communication(medium may be note,memo,or e-mail),notice,advert,graphs,chart,etc.(plus layout if output is faxor e-mail)Business correspondence(medium may be letter,faxor e-mail)or short reportor propos
6、al(medium maybe memo or e-mail)(120-140 words)Neutral/formal题型：1.商务便条类；2.商务便函类；3.商务书信类；4.商务报告类注意：BEC不是单纯的英语考试，也不是考察商务知识。对策：学习、模仿高水平的论文例题解析：You work for a company which produces laser printers.You are visiting anothercompany,Softcell,to buy some computer software for your department.They haveexpresse
7、d an interest in your company5s printers and you would like to take twentybrochures and three sample printers with you.相关词汇：laser,inkjet,projector(Barco),photocopier(Xerox),fax machine,scanner,computer,monitor相关词汇：company literature;brochure;leaflet;flyer;white book;data sheet;prospectus Write a sho
8、rt note to Mr.Jim Asano,the Sales Manager.Asking for his permission to take these items.Explaining why you want them.Mentioning the time and date when you want to collect them.Write 40-50 words on your Answer Sheet.便函便条类题目的结构Input:situation descriptionTask:memo,note,emailcontent pointsWrite:internal
9、 message(40-50 words)注意：格式；发挥部分要确切评分标准BEC写作评分方法第一部分分数5 全部完成答题要求 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。9 或 10分 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。9 或0”组织效果好，注意前后呼应。语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象极佳。4 较好的完成答题要求 所有内容点都处理得不错。大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。结构合理，用词准确。7 或 8 分 大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。3 尚能达到答题要求 所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容
10、。出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。结构和词汇掌握范围适度。5 或 6”组织和安排总的来说令人满意。语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。2 不能完全达到答题要求 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分，可能有些不切题。有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读者感到迷惑。3 或 4 分 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。语域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。1 未能达到答题要求 1 或 2 分 显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由于对题目要求的误解。严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。缺乏组织，造成交流失败。几乎没有使用适当的语域和格
11、式。给读者的印象极差。0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的2 5%,或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。分注意：content;accuracy;conciseness【例题】Christmas is coming.Your company is going to hold the annual Christmas party.As thesecretary of the general manager,you help arrange the preparation for it.Write a memo to all employees.Announcing the planned par
12、ty.Welcoming all employees to join it.Introducing the programs of it.Mention the time and place that it takes place.Write 4050 words on your Answer Sheet.商务书信类这一题型要求考生根据所提供的短文，如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等，起草封书信，字数要求达到120-140词左右。题目结构：Input:1 situation description2 task3 target readerReading:texts in note,le
13、tter,fax,memo+content points(handwritten notes;second letter)Write:business letter(120-140 words)注意英美拼写问题【例题】You have organised a production conference for your company which will be held on 10October 2005.The following is the letter of confirmation you received from the ConferenceCentre.Read the le
14、tter and fax below,which gives details of the conference.Then,using all information from the fax,write your letter to John Smith at the NuffieldConference Centre,explaining the changes to the arrangements.Do not include postal addresses.Write 120-140 words on separate sheet.Dear Conference Organiser
15、,I am writing to confirm the arrangements for the conference.DATE AND TIME:NUMBER OF GUESTS:ROOMS RESERVEDCATERING:10th October-10 a.m.to 5 p.m.5010 a.m.to 12:30 p.m.CONFERENCE HALL 32 p.m.to 5 p.m.SEMINAR ROOMS 1,2,and 3Coffee 11 a.m.to 11:30 a.m.Lunch-12:30p.m.to 2p.m.Conference Centre RestaurantT
16、ea-4 p.m.We look forward to welcoming your company to the Nuffield Conference Centre.Yours faithfully,John SmithToday your Production Manager has sent you the fax below with changes he would like tomake to the conference arrangementsFAXIm afraid we have to make some last-minute changes to the arrang
17、ements for our productionconference.1.Ten more guests have accepted.2.The President wants only one hour for lunch,and just a simple buffet-not seated in therestaurant.The Conference Speaker(Tom Moors)cant come until 2 pm.So he will give his presentation inthe afternoon.Can we move the seminars to th
18、e morning?Sorry about this!Sam注意：1 不要跑题2 适当发挥3 目标读者4 不要抄袭三种对策：a 换句型e.g.This rule applies in every case.There are no exceptions lo the rule.（肯定句变否定句）b 换同义词e.g.The arguments put forward by these two authors are nearly the same.The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical,c 改词性e.g.The En
19、glish language has had a major impact on developing other world languages.Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in theirdevelopments.商务报告类【例题】You recently attended a one-day course on oifice management.Below is the courseprogramme,with the comments you wrote on it.
20、Write a short report about the course for your Manager.Include all your comments and saywhether your company should send other staff on this course.Write 120-140 words.Write on your Answer Sheet.Do not write in capital letters.,practicalOFFICE MANAGEMENT SEMINARField House,London26 May 1999PROGRAMME
21、Working relationshipsCoffeeLunch9.00-10.4510.45-11.0011.00X12.4512.45-l.W)Managing people and developing produbtivelanning the day,work-flow,prioritisingProblem-solving and decision-making3.15-3.33.3OSOOul ideasshort totaff appraisal and staff development1.30 与.15Recommen第 二 讲BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体评分标准:级
22、别第一部分分数第二部分分数5 全部完成答题要求 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥 语言规范、自然：错误最少，均属小错。多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。组织效果好，注意前后呼应。语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象极佳。4 较好的完成答题要求 所有内容点都处理得不错。大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。9或10分18或20分 结构合理，用词准确。大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。3 尚能达到答题要求 所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。7或8分14或16分 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。组织和安排总的来说令人
23、满意。语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。2 不能完全达到答题要求 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分，可能有些不切题。有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读者感到5或6分10或12分迷惑。结构、词汇掌握范围有限。内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。语域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。1 未能达到答题要求 显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由于对3或4分6或8分题目要求的误解。严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。1或2分2或4分 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。缺乏组织，造成交流失败。几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的2
24、5%,或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。才评分五个方面：1 content2 language3 structure&vocabulary4 organisation展开论述上面的5 个方面1 内容的完整性2 语言6C原则1.准确(correctness)包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正确地使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确。(1)恰当的语言风格请比较下面两组例词:FormalInformalapproximatelyAboutinquireAskascertainfind outobtainreceiveassisthelpparticipateshare
25、constructbuildpurchasebuycontributegivesufficientenoughdifficulthardutilizeuse(2)准确的措词和信息下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分:a lot/allotall right/alrightcannot/can notdifferent from/different thandue to/because ofeffect/affectfewer/lesslie/layprincipal/principlethat/whichtheir/them/they*rewait for/wait onwho/
26、whom(3)正确的语法和标点符号(4)正确的拼写2.清楚(Clarity)(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)常用的逻辑布局方法包括：因果关系(Cause&Effect)时间顺序(Chronological Development)序列顺序(Sequential Development)比较(Comparison),般到特殊(From General to Specific)特殊到一般(From Specific to General)(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences&Paragraphs)例句：修改前：Marshall Corpo
27、ration was founded forty years ago,and it now has branch offices infour states,and it employs nearly 400 individuals.修改后：Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago.With branch offices in fourstates,it now employs nearly 400 individuals.(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)(4)强调(Emphasis)位置重复数量技巧(5)将
28、句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。比较下面三对句子：A.They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs$25,00.They bought a bicycle for$25,00 in a small shop in Beijing.B.He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.C.Those w
29、ho work rapidly get ill in these conditions.Those who work in these conditions rapidly get ill.(6)避免在同个句子中使用意义不同的同个字。We shall take a firm line with the firm.We shall take a strong line with the film.3.简洁(Conciseness)A.We have begun to export our machine to counlries abroad.We have begun to export ou
30、r machines.B.In the event that you speak to Mr.Wood in regard to production,ask him to giveconsideration to the delivery schedule.If you speak to Mr.Wood about production,ask him to consider the delivery schedule.C.We require furniture which is of the uew type.We require new-type furniture.(1)使用简洁的语
31、言(Use simple language)尽量使用 避免使用please will you be good enough toprefer express a preference forbecause for the reason that(2)少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)as the case may beit has come to my attentionat an early ageavail yourself of this opportunityprevious tocrack of dawnpursuant to your requesttak
32、e the liberty todue to the fact thatthanking you in advanceenclosed hereinthis is to inform youunder separate coverwith kindest regardsI wish to state(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions&unnecessary repetition)oWordy Concise1.We would like to please2.For the month of August3.Pursuant to the e
33、nd of this week4.A long period of time5.At this time6.Is at this time7.The weight was higher than8.1 expected it to be9.During the year of 199510.For the development of11.In the city of Dallas12.The problem was that the car would notstart13.Square in shape14.in accordance with your request15.Sign on
34、 the front of this form16.During the time that17.Consensus of opinion18.Remember the fact that19,Held a meeting20.this is the situation at this timefor Augustnowa long timenowisthe weight was greater thanexpectedduring 1995for developingin Dallasthe car would not startsquareyou requestedsign this fo
35、rmwhilewe agreeremembermetnow(4)删改无关紧要的成伽Remove unneeded facts)A.It should be noted that this is the best we can do,B.For your information we enclose a catalogue.C.Please be advised that we have received your invoice.1.as soon as possible2.as you indicated in your letter3.at all times4.at this time5
36、.continue to utilize the old form untilsuch time as the new form is available6.despite the fact that7.for the month of April8.for obvious reason that9.1 would ask that you10.in conjunction with11.in the mere recent past12.in the unlikely event that13.in the unlikely event that I am unable tobe on ti
37、me,please delay the meeting14.in view of the fact that15.it will be greatly appreciated if you16.our production of the new product willcommence on July Iby July 10as you indicatedalwaysnowstart using the new form on Februarydespitefor Aprilbecausepleasewithrecentlyifif I am late,please delay the mee
38、tingbecausepleaseproduction will begin on July 117.please be advised that we expect you to please review the contractreview the enclosed contract(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week.Johnsons will pay their accounts next week.4.具体(Concreteness)(l)尽可能地提供明
39、确、具体的信息。A.These brakes can stop a car within a short distance.These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.B.We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible.Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.C.She is a fast typist.She types at
40、 the fast rate of 85 words per minute.(2)使用具体词汇A.We have no hesitation in advising you.We advise you.B.The preparation of new price scale is in hand.New price scales are being prepared this week.C.Due to the unusual nature of the request,.As the request is unusual,.a great deal of time,bad,large,goo
41、d,small,around,old,convenient,young,little,majority,minority,most,less5.完整(Completeness)自查：谁(W ho)?什么(What)?什么时候(When)?在哪里(Where)?为什么(W hy)?怎么样(How)?6.礼貌(Courtesy)例如：Dear Mrs.Walters,Because you delayed so long in your response,Model GSF is off stock.If you are interested,we have some similar models
42、 on handYours truly,修改：Dear Mrs.WaltersIf I had known your needs before May 20,I could have shipped Model GSP immediately.However,the spring sale drained our stock.The Model GSK,a similar instrument,is in stock,and you could have it at the same price asthe GSE It normally sells for$10,000 more,we wi
43、ll ship it as soon as you give us the word.Yours sincerely(1)使用礼貌友好的词汇A.说“Thank you，例如：Thank you for your letter of yesterday.Thank you for your prompt reply.Thank you for helping us in this respect.Thank you for your information.(2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)Writer emphasis:Reader emphasis:We are shipp
44、ing your order on Friday.You will receive your order by Monday,October 10.Writer emphasis:To reduce our costs,we are changing the billing system.Reader emphasis:To provide you with clear records,we are changing our billing system.Writer emphasis:Reader emphasis:I was pleased to hear that the project
45、 was completed.Congratulations on successfully completing the projectWriter emphasis:We regret that you closed your account with us a week ago.We believe thatpeople may come back to our bank again sooner or later since we have agood credit among our customers.Reader emphasis:A week ago you closed yo
46、ur account with us.Whatever the reason,we arepleased to have played some small part in your program.You are cordiallyinvited to use our other services as occasion may require.(3)措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)a.避免采用消极性的词汇或句式Negative Wording:The office is closed after four Oclock,Positive Wording:The offic
47、e is open until four Oclock.Negative Wording:When I received your complaint,I checked our records.Positive Wording:When I received your letter,I checked our records.Negative Wording:Because you failed to connect the cable,the picture was bluiTed.Positive Wording:The picture was blurred because the V
48、-2 cable was not connected to theterminal.Negative Wording:You did not read my recent letter.Positive Wording:Please refer to my June 10th letter.Negative Wording:The Executive Board did not receive notification.Positive Wording:Several members of the Executive Board inquired about the time of ourDe
49、cember meeting.Will you please send them a follow-up?Negative Wording:Your letter was not clear.Positive Wording:I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that youmentioned in your October 14th letter.b,有失礼貌的言词We deny your claimcomplaintWe do not believeconfusionWe are not surecontr
50、aryWe find it difficult to understandcontrivanceWe expectdelinquentWe insistdenyWe are forceddisagreeableWe take issueexasperateYou forgotfailureYou neglectedignoranceYou failed toimpatienceYou misunderstoodincompetentYou mustincredibleYou should knowinexcusableYou do not haveinferenceYou are delinq