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1、大学英语四级模拟考试试题Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled Is technologymaking people lazy?n The statement given below is for your reference.You should write atleast 120 words hut no more than 180 words.Many studies claim that computers distrac
2、t people,make them lazy thinkers and evenlower their work efficiency.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will he spok
3、enonly once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Enrol him in a Newcastle f
4、ootball club.B)Send him to an after-school art class.C)Forbid him to draw in his workbook.D)Help him post his drawings online.2.A)Contacted Joe to decorate its dining-room.B)Hired Joe to paint all the walls of its buildings.C)Renovated its kitchen and all the dining-rooms.D)Asked Joe for permission
5、to use his online drawingsQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)Scotland will reach the national target in carbon emissions reduction ahead of schedule.B)Glasgow City Council has made a deal with ScottishPower on carbon emissions.C)Glasgow has pledged to take the lea
6、d in reducing carbon emissions in the UK.D)First Minister Nicola Sturgeon urged ScottishPower to reduce carbon emissions.4.A)Glasgow needs to invest in new technologies to reach its goal.B)Glasgow is going to explore new sources of renewable energy.C)Stricter regulation is needed in transforming Gla
7、sgows economy.D)Its necessary to create more low-emission zones as soon as possible.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Provide free meals to the local poor.B)Help people connect with each other.C)Help eliminate class difference in his area.D)Provide customers with
8、first-class service.6.A)It does not supervise its employees.B)It does not use volunteers.C)It donates regularly to a local charity.D)It is open round the clock.7.A)They will realise the importance of communication.B)They will come to the cafe even more frequently.C)They will care less about their ow
9、n background.D)They will find they have something in common.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose t
10、he best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)A surprise party for Pauls birthday.B)Travel plans for the coming weekend.C)Prep
11、arations for Saturdays get-together.D)The new market on the other side of town.9.A)It makes the hostesss job a whole lot easier.B)It enables guests to walk around and chat freely.C)It saves considerable time and labor.D)It requires fewer tables and chairs.10.A)It offers some big discounts.B)It is qu
12、ite close to her house.C)It is more spacious and less crowded.D)It sells local wines and soft drinks.11.A)Cook a dish for the party.B)Arrive 10 minutes earlier.C)Prepare a few opening remarks.D)Bring his computer and speakers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)
13、Shopping delivery.B)Shopping online.C)Where he goes shopping.D)How often he does shopping.13.A)Searching in the aisles.B)Dealing with the traffic.C)Driving too long a distance.D)Getting ones car parked.14.A)The after-sales service.B)The replacement policy.C)The quality of food products.D)The damage
14、to the packaging.15.A)It saves money.B)It offers more choice.C)It increases the joy of shopping.D)It is less time-consuming.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you willhear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spok
15、en only once.Afteryou hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Many escaped from farms and
16、 became wild.B)They were actually native to North America.C)Many got killed in the wild when searching for food.D)They were hunted by Spanish and Russian explorers.17.A)They often make sudden attacks on people.B)They break up natures food supply chain.C)They cause much environmental pollution.D)They
17、 carry a great many diseases.18.A)They lived peacefully with wild pigs.B)They ran out of food completely.C)They fell victim to eagles.D)They reproduced quickly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Taste coffee while in outer space.B)Roast coffee beans in outer space.C
18、)Develop a new strain of coffee beans.D)Use a pressurised tank to brew coffee.20.A)They can easily get burned.B)They float around in the oven.C)They have to be heated to 360.D)They receive evenly distributed heat.21.A)They charged a high price for their space-roasted coffee beans.B)They set up a bra
19、nch in Dubai to manufacture coffee roasters.C)They collaborated on building the first space coffee machine.D)They abandoned the attempt to roast coffee beans in space.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They are relatively uniform in color and design.B)They appear mo
20、re formal than other passports.C)They are a shade of red bordering on brown.D)They vary in color from country to country.23.A)They must endure wear and tear.B)They must be of the same size.C)They must be made from a rare material.D)They must follow some common standards.24.A)They look more tradition
21、al.B)They look more official.C)They are favored by airlines.D)They are easily identifiable.25.A)For beauty.B)For variety.C)For visibility.D)For security.Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select oneword
22、 for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the hank is identifiedby a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre.Yo
23、u may not use any of the words in the hank more than once.Social isolation poses more health risks than obesity or smoking 15 cigarettes a day,according toresearch published by Brigham Young University.The 26 is that loneliness is a huge,if silent,risk factor.Loneliness affects physical health in tw
24、o ways.First,it produces stress hormones that can lead tomany health problems.Second,people who live alone are less likely to go to the doctor 27,toexercise or to eat a healthy diet.Public health experts in many countries are 28 how to address widespread loneliness in oursociety.Last year Britain ev
25、en appointed a minister for loneliness.Loneliness 29 almost everyone of us at some point,“its minister for loneliness Baroness Barran said.It can lead to veryserious health 30 for individuals who become isolated and disconnectcd.Barran started a Lets Talk Loneliness“campaign that 31 difficult conver
26、sations acrossBritain.He is now supporting 32 benches,“which are public seating areas where people areencouraged to go and chat with one another.The minister is also 33 to stop public transportationfrom being cut in ways that leave people isolated.More than one-fifth of adults in both the United Sta
27、tes and Britain said in a 2018 34 that theyoften or always feel lonely.More than half of American adults are unmarried,and researchers havefound that even among those who are married,30%of relationships are 35 strained.A quarterof Americans now live alone,and as the song says,one is the loneliest nu
28、mber.A)abruptlyF)friendlyK)severelyB)appointmentsG)hinderedL)sparkedC)consequencesH)idiomM)splittingD)debatingI)implicationN)surveyE)dimensionsJ)pushingO)touchesSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information
29、given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.Science of setbacks:How failure can improve career pros
30、pectsA)How do early career setbacks affect our long-term success?Failures can help us learn andovercome our fears.But disasters can still wound us.They can screw us up and set us back.Wouldnl it be nice if there was genuine,scientifically documented truth to the expression”whatdoesnt kill you makes
31、you stronger?B)One way social scientists have probed the effects of career setbacks is to look at scientists ofvery similar qualifications.These scientists,for reasons that are mostly arbitrary,either justmissed getting a research grant or who just barely made it.In the social sciences,this is known
32、as examining unear misses1*and narrow wins in areas where merit is subjective.That allowsresearchers to measure only the effects of being chosen or not.Studies in this area have foundconflicting results.In the competitive game of biomedical science,research has been done onscientists who narrowly lo
33、st or won grant money.It suggests that narrow winners become evenbigger winners down the line.In other words,the rich get richer.C)A 2018 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,for example,followed researchers in the Netherlands.Researchers concluded that those who ju
34、st barelyqualified for a grant were able to get twice as much money within the next eight years as thosewho just missed out.And the narrow winners were 50 percent more likely to be given aprofessorship.D)Others in the US have found similar effects with National Institutes of Health early-careerfello
35、wships launching narrow winners far ahead of close losers.The phenomenon is oftenreferred to as the Matthew effect,inspired by the Bibles wisdom that to those who have,morewill be given.Theres a good explanation for the phenomenon in the book The Formula:TheUniversal Laws of Success by Albert Laszlo
36、 Barabasi.According to Barabasi,it*s easier andless risky for those in positions of power to choose to hand awards and funding to those whovealready been so recognized.E)This is bad news for the losers.Small early career setbacks seem to have a disproportionateeffect down the line.What didnt kill th
37、em made them weaker.But other studies using the sametechnique have shown there*s sometimes no penalty to a near miss.Students who just missgetting into top high schools or universities do just as well later in life as those who just manageto get accepted.In this case,what didn*t kill them simply did
38、nt matter.So is there any evidencethat setbacks might actually improve our career prospects?There is now.F)In a study published in Nature Communications,Northwestern University sociologist DashunWang tracked more than 1,100 scientists who were on the border between getting a grant andmissing out bet
39、ween 1990 and 2005.He followed various measures of performance over thenext decade.These included how many papers they authored and how influential those paperswere,as measured by the number of subsequent citations.As expected,there was a much higherrate of attrition(减员)among scientists who didnt ge
40、t grants.But among those who stayed on,the close losers performed even better than the narrow winners.To make sure this wasnt bychance,Wang conducted additional tests using different performance measures.He examinedhow many times people were first authors on influential studies,and the like.G)One st
41、raightforward reason close losers might outperform narrow winners is that the two groupshave comparable ability.In Wangs study,he selected the most determined,passionatescientists from the loser group and culled(易!J 除)what he deemed the weakest members of thewinner group.Yet the persevering losers s
42、till came out on top.He thinks that being a close losermight give people a psychological boost,or the proverbial kick in the pants.H)Utrecht University sociologist Arnout van de Rijt was lead author on the 2018 paper showingthe rich get richer.He said the new finding is apparently reasonable and wor
43、th some attention.His own work showed that although the narrow winners did get much more money in the nearfuture,the actual performance of the close losers was just as good.I)He said the people who should be paying regard to the Wang paper are the funding agents whodistribute government grant money.
44、After all,by continuing to pile riches on the nairow winners,the taxpayers are not getting the maximum bang for their buck if the close losers are performingjust as well or even better.Theres a huge amount of time and effort that goes into the processof selecting who gets grants,he said,and the late
45、st research shows that the scientificestablishment is not very good at distributing money.Maybe we should spend less moneytrying to figure out who is better than who,he said,suggesting that some more equal dividingup of money might be more productive and more efficient.Van de Rijt said hes not convi
46、ncedthat losing out gives people a psychological boost.It may yet be a selection effect.Even thoughWang tried to account for this by culling the weakest winners,its impossible to know which ofthe winners would have quit had they found themselves on the losing side.J)For his part,Wang said that in hi
47、s own experience,losing did light a motivating fire.He recalleda recent paper he submitted to a journal,which accepted it only to request extensive editing,and then reversed course and rejected it.He submitted the unedited version to a more respectjournal and got accepted.K)In sports and many areas
48、of life,we think of failures as evidence of something we could havedone better.We regard these disappointments as a fate we could have avoided with more carefulpreparation,different training,a better strategy,or more focus.And there it makes sense thatfailures show us the road to success.These paper
49、s deal with a kind of failure people have littlecontrol over-rejection.Others determine who wins and who loses.But at the very least,theresearch is starting to show that early setbacks dont have to be fatal.They might even make usbetter at our jobs.Getting paid like a winner,though?Thats a different
50、 matter.36.Being a close loser could greatly motivate one to persevere in their research.37.Grant awarders tend to favor researchers already recognized in their respective fields.38.Suffering early setbacks might help people improve their job performance.39.Research by social scientists on the effec