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1、解密09名词性从句r_ 一 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 一 一 一 一 _ 一 _1*卜砥考 点 详 解|_!【命题解读】1.了解名词性从句的基本用法，掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在名词性从句中的作用，辨析that与what,if与 whether等引导词的用法。2.明确it作形式主语和形式宾语、代替主语从句及宾语从句的用法，及其与强调句的区别。3.区分that引导的同位语从句及定语从句。【命题预测】预计今后高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。【复习建议】1.掌握宾语从句的用法；2.了解同位语从句的
2、用法；3.掌握表语从句的用法；4.掌握主语从句的用法；5.如何正确选择引导词。-.-.-11 I 0 逑 考 向1主语从句I _ 主语从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子。其特点有:(1)引导词：从属连词 that,whether；连接代词 who,what,which；whoever,whatever,whichever;连接副词 when,where,how 和 why。(2)语序：陈述句语序(3)在主语从句中只能用whelher,不能用ifThat he will win the match is certain.It is certain that he will win the match
3、.1.一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，避免”头重脚轻”，常用i t作形式主语，从而把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有：It is+形容词+that.R t is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is+名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,common knowledge,a surprise,a fact,etc.)+that.百Its a pity that we cant go.很遗憾我们不能去。I
4、t is+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that.田It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted.有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。It appears/seems that.|It happens that.|It occurred to me that.|It turned out that.方It turned out that nobody re
5、membered the address.结果发现没人记得这地址。It doesnt matter that.|It makes no difference that.甘It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。2.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。D oes it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗？3.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。方How strange it i
6、s that the children are so quiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪！1.(2020.江苏卷.单项填空)It is not a problem we can win the battle;ifs just a matter of time.A.whether B.why C.when D.where【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A.whether是否；B.why为什么；C.when什么时候；D.where在哪里。根据下文its just a matter of time可知,此处指“我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题“，it是形
7、式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。2.（2018 天津卷单项填空）The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever,表示“任何人，无 论 谁 故 选 C。3.（2017北京卷单项填空）Every y e a r,m a k e s the mos
8、t beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，makes the most beautiful kite作主语，且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语，所 以 选 whoever（whomever不能作主语）。句意：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。4.（2016-江苏卷单项填空）It is often the case anything is possible for
9、those who hang on to hope.A.why B.what C.as D.that【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中作状语，连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等；a s 通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故 D 正确。【归纳总结】主语从句的规律!；：规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。!”：I 例 1.When will he come is not know
10、n.I 正：When he will come is not known.!I 规律二、连词th at在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。|例 2.He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.!；I 规律二、whether可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但 if不能!sI 例 3.If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.二；正：Whether the
11、meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.i|规律四、主语从句的谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。：!例 4.When he will come are a puzzle.!i 正：When he will come is a puzzle.rI;遂 考向2表语从句i表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。一、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：1.可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。bChina is no longer what she used to b e.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。份The
12、 question remains whether they will be able to help u s.问题还是他们能否帮我们。bA t that time,it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。2.从属连词whether,as,as if/though引导的表语从句。方He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。b it sounds as if someone is knocking at the do
13、or.听起来好像有人在敲门。3.because,why引导的表语从句。方Thats because he didnt understand m e.那是因为他没有理解我。（Thats because强调原因）,Thats why he got angry with m e.那正是他对我生气的原因。（Thats why强调结果）4.连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词 where,when,how,why方The problem is who we can get to replace h e r.问题是我们能
14、找到谁去替换她呢。bThe question is how he did i t.问题是他是如何做此事的。bThat was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上阁楼干的。5.从属连词that空The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。【归纳拓展】学习表语从句应该注意以下几点。(1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。句子的主语为the reason时，表语从句采用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because0份The reason why she
15、was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。句子的主语为the result时，表语从句采用that引导。The result is that many of them become fat.结果是他们中许多人发胖了。由w hy引导的从句作主语时。aW h y we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible.我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。(2)asif/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be等后
16、面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语气，也可采用直陈语气。It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the d o o r.听起来好像有人在敲门。She treats him as if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。1.(2018 北 京 卷 单项填空)Without his support,we wouldnt be we are now.A.how B.when C.where D.why【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，
17、w hy表原因。“we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。2.(2016北京卷单项填空)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free fromdust.A.what B.that C.whether D.why【参考答案】B【试题解析】考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰。is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用Ih at,由a l只起引导作用，故选B。，电
18、/考向3宾语从句!L J【难点梳理】引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that,whether,if 等连接代词：what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever 等连接副词：when,where,why,how 等1.连接词 that,whether,if 引导的I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。奇1 dont know ifVwhether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
19、注意：whether/if都意为”是 否“。般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用i f,但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与 or not紧接连用时。ALet me know whether or not you can come.请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。b We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2.连接代词 whal,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever 等引导bShe asked me whose handwriting
20、was the best in the class.她问我班上谁的书法最好。r il just say whatever comes into my m ind.我想到什么就说什么。3.连接副词when,where,why,how等引导口Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗？b lv e been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4.宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语
21、序。aH e asked me when we could set out the next day.他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗？5.宾语从句的时态（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says（that）she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）守she says（that）she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（
22、从句是一般将来时）由She says（that）she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时）（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。的He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时）13aHe said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句是过去将来时）He said that they were having a me
23、eting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时）（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。*The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。aH e said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快。注意：学习宾语从句应该注意以下几点。（1）引导宾语从句的连词that 一般可以省略，但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只
24、有第一个that可以省略。Glancing at her scornfully,he told her(that)the dress was sold.他轻蔑地看了她眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖了。守The teacher said(that)the text was very important and(hat we should learn it by heart.老师说课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。(2)表 示“心理活动”的形容词：afraid,anxious,aware,ashamed,annoyed,certain,confident,content,convinced,determine
25、d,disappointed,glad,happy,proud,pleased,sure,surprised,satisfied,thankful,worried等可以后接宾语从句。份He was afraid that he would lo se.他担心会输。司I am sure that I put the money in the b o x.我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。(3)若主句谓语动词为 think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine 等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式
26、，这种现象称为“否定转移现象(此口寸主语往往为第一人称，偶尔为第三人称；否定词never,seldom,hardly,little无此用法)。b I don I think his decision is wise in reality.实际上，我觉得他的决定并不明智。6 don t believe that he is a dishonest m an.我认为他是个诚实的人。(4)在 think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope 等动词以及 I m afraid 之后，可以采用 so 代替一个肯定的宾语从句，也可以采用noi代替否定的宾语从句。a Do y
27、ou believe the news stories?你相信这个新闻故事吗？1 believe so.”我相信。”Has Anne got into university?“安妮上大学了吗？I am afraid n o t.恐怕是没有。”【巧学妙记】宾语从句的用法速记口诀宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if,whether)替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。k i典例制所1.（2020.天津卷二.
28、单项填空）My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish I put mymind to.A.whenever B.whatever C.wherever D.whichever【答案】B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我的祖母让我相信，我可以完成任何我专心去做的事情。A.whenever无论何时；B.whatever 无论什么，任何；C.wherever无论何地；D.whichever无论哪一个。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少宾语，应用连接代词，再结合句意，此处用“任何”符合语境，故选B项。2.（2018 全国新课标
29、卷 II 短文改错）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be veryuseful later in my life.【参考答案】where改为when【答案解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。3.（2018 全国新课标卷 HI 语法填空）Pm not sure 61 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla（大猩
30、猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.【参考答案】which/who【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which或者who”4.（2017-天津卷单项填空）She asked m e I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that Ihadnt.A.when B.w
31、hereC.whether D.what【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查宾语从句。根据“【admitted thatl hadnt”可知书还没还给图书馆，因此此处问的是是否（whether）已经还了。故选C 项。句意：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认没还。5.（2016全国新课标卷 I短文改错）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.【参考答案】that where【答案解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that 改为 where o考向4同位语从句在复合句中
32、用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question 等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。1.同位语从句的引导词选择原则that只起连词作用，无任何含义，一般不省略whether是否when田霆时候where什么地点how什么方式AThe hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。曲The problem wheth
33、er we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。2.同位语从句的几种特殊情况(1)当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。导The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.故事是这样的：威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。(2)表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order,demand,suggestion等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形“，should可省略。田
34、The suggestion that everyone(should)make efforts lo beautify our campus is necessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句定语从句功能不同对名词加以补充说明与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，起连接作用that不作成分；起连接作用，不可省略作主语或宾语，起连接作用；并且作从句的宾语时可省略whether/how不作成分；起连接作用“是否”；“如何”不引导定语从句wh-words作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与先行词之间无关作成分;起连接作用；没有自己的含义，但是代替
35、先行词在从句中作成分奇The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（同位语从句，that不可省略）田The news（that）he told me yesterday is true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可省略）典例制所1.（2019 江苏卷单项填空）Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way intothe human body.A.what B
36、.that C.which D.where【参考答案】B【试 题 分 析】考查同位语从句。句 意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子 成 分，且 与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故 选B。【正确答案】B2.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else onthe sports field.A.how B.thatB.C.which D.whether【参考答案】B【答案解析】句 意：最
37、高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念，那就是在运动场上你比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知you are better than anyone else on the sports field”是同位语从句，对 belief进行解释说明，从句不缺句子成分，故 用 连 接 词that引导，答 案 为B。3.News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.A.whichB.thatC.what D.where【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came
38、较短，同位语从句较长，名词利同位语从句被 from the school office 分开，that 引导同位语从句 Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解释news的内容，在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思。故选B。V?难 点 剖 析!名词性从句考点归纳：1.名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told y o u.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work w e ll.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。2.i t 充当形式主语或宾语：
39、在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词i t 来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。It is known to us how he became a w riter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。I find it strange that she doesnt want to travel.她竟不想旅游，我觉得很奇怪。3.在名词性从句中that与 what的差异：what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，在任何情况下都不能省略，表 示 (=the thing orthings that.；whatev
40、er).的事物；无论什么；凡是.的事物。Ihat本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，宾语从句中的that常常省略。What you have done might do harm to others.你所做的事或许对别人有害处。I spent what little time I had with my fam ily.我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。No one knows what will happen n e x t.谁也不知道下一步有什么事。1 think(that)you will like the stam ps.我认为你会喜欢这些邮票的。4.
41、whether和 if的差异：(1)引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能采用whether。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。(2)介词宾语只用whether引导。bH e was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling.他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。(3)当 whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if 替换。Whether he will come or not,I am not su re.我无
42、法确认他是否会来。(4)whether 经常与 or not 直接连用，构成 whether or noto方I dont know whether or not hell com e.我不知道他是来还是不来。(5)后接动词不定式时只能用whether。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留？(6)动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。bW e discussed whether we should close the sh o p.我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。5.宾语从句和主句的时态呼应：(1)当主句谓语
43、动词为现在时态或将来时态时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。奇Will you tell me how I can keep fit?能告诉我如何保持健康吗？(2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，为保持时态一致，宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。国Jack told me that he had been there tw ice.杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。(3)当主句谓语为过去时态时，宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事物、格言时，仍然采用一般现在时。口Long ago,people knew that there are four seasons in a year.很久以前，人们就知道一年有四个季节
44、。6.连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever引导名词性从句的含义：(1)whoever 的用法:(=the person or people who.).的那个人方Whoever said that?到底谁讲的这话？(=any person who.).的任何一个人Tell whoever you like；it makes no difference to me.你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁对我来说都无所谓。(2)whatever 的用法:(=any or every)任何；每一守Take whatever action is needed.采取任何必要的措施。(=anythi
45、ng or everything)任何事物；一，切事物You must do whatever is best for y o u.什么对你最有利你就得做什么。(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么bYou have our support,whatever you decide.不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。(3)whichever 的用法：(表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)的那个；的那些bTake whichever hat suits you b e st.挑个最适合你戴的帽子。无论哪个；无论哪些守Whichever of you comes in w
46、ill receive a prize.你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。7.虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用：(1)主语从句sIt is necessary that he(should)come lo see u s.他有必要来看望我们。(2)宾语从句田The teacher suggested that we(should)have a r e s t.老师建议我们休息一会儿。(3)表语从句=My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English.我的建议是我们应该阅读英文报纸来提高我们
47、的英语水平。8.it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都 用 连 词th a t,被强调部分指人时也可用who/whomoIts a pity that he missed the opportunity to travel abroad.他错过了去国外旅游的机会，真是可惜。Who was it that won the World Cup in 2014?谁赢得了 2014 年的世界杯？一 二|检 测 训j题组一基础过关I.用适当的连接词填空1.（2
48、017新课标卷 I）The homeowner called to say the parents had responded to the recordings.2.（2017新课标卷 I）What Im hoping to accomplish is my generation and younger start to reconsiderand understand jazz is not black and write anymore.3.（2017新课标卷 III）The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment
49、to help biologists decideto reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.4.（20177匕京卷）What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month?5.This painting is splendid,but we actually need it is a different matter.6.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved
50、 his own novel,David Copperfield,was it was rather closelymodeled on his own life.7.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew she was so angry.8.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-Thats I don*t agree.You should have a more active l