高中英语复合句详解.ppt

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1、英语复合句 根据结构分简单句并列句复合句 主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 状语从句 Please read the dialogues and recognize the Please read the dialogues and recognize the functions of the Noun Clausefunctions of the Noun Clause (A)Tom:Whatareyoudoing?Jack:ImthinkingaboutwhatIshoulddo?Tom:Whatdoyoumean?Jack:Ivegotamessagethatmygirlfrie

2、ndwillcomethisafternoon.Apartywasholdherelastnight,soImustcleantheroombeforeshecomes.Tom:Takeiteasy.Idliketohelpyou.TellmewhatIcando.Jack:Goodguy.ItsgreatthatIhaveafriendlikeyou.Tom:Then,letsbegin.名词性从句 noun clause 主语从句subject clause 宾语从句object clause 表语从句predicative clause 同位语从句appositive clause在句子

3、中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。1.Thathewillsucceediscertain.2.Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.3.Whathesaidisnottrue.4.Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5.Whoevercomesiswelcome.请思考？请思考？主语从句是在复合句中作主语的从句。通常放在主句主语从句是在复合句中作主语的从句。通常放在主句主语从句是在复合句中作主语的从句。通常放在主句主语从句是在复合句中作主语的从句。通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语谓语动词之前或由形式主

4、语谓语动词之前或由形式主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it it代替，而本身放在句末。代替，而本身放在句末。代替，而本身放在句末。代替，而本身放在句末。主语从句引导词有主语从句引导词有主语从句引导词有主语从句引导词有:连词：连词：连词：连词：that,that,whether,if;whether,if;代词：代词：代词：代词：who(ever),what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),what(ever),which(ever),whom(ever)whom(ever)；副词：；副词：；副词：；副词：when(ever),where(ever),when(ever),w

5、here(ever),how(ever),whyhow(ever),why等等等等.主语从句主语从句It It 作形式主语作形式主语vIt作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。vThatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.v(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)vWhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.v(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)1.It+be+形

6、容词 that从句It is necessary/important/obvious that2.It+be+-ed分词 that从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to us all that.众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定3.It+be+名词 that从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是4.It+不及物动词 that从句It appears that 似乎It happens that.碰

7、巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前即主语在前,谓语在后谓语在后.例例:误误:Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.2).连接词连接词that在主语从句中无实际意义在主语从句中无实际意义,但不能省略但不能省略.例例:误误:Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.正正:Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.正正:Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.主语从句中语序与主语从句中语序与th

8、at的省略：的省略：注意注意主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：3).主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单主句的谓语动词用单数形式数形式.Thattheywillcome_certain.4).What引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定语的单复数决定.Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.注意注意isareisTranslation问题是我们是否可以信任他。问题是我们是否可以信任他。我建议买台大电脑。我建议买台大电脑。她看起来要哭了。她看起

9、来要哭了。ThequestionisMysuggestionisHelookedwhetherwecanrelyonhim.asifhewasgoingtocry.thatwe(should)buyabigcomputer.请思考？请思考？表语从句表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于联系动词之表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于联系动词之表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于联系动词之表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于联系动词之后。一般结构是后。一般结构是后。一般结构是后。一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句主语连系动词表语从句”。可接。可接

10、。可接。可接表语从句的连系动词有表语从句的连系动词有表语从句的连系动词有表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seembe,look,remain,seem等。另等。另等。另等。另外，外，外，外，常用的还有常用的还有常用的还有常用的还有thereasonisthatthereasonisthat和和和和ItisbecauseItisbecause等结等结等结等结构。构。构。构。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。样。样。样。

11、e.g.vThe question is _ we can make goodpreparationinsuchashorttime.vThisis_wecantgetthesupportofthepeople.vBut the fact remains _ we are behind the otherclasses.vThereason_heislateforschoolis_hemissedtheearlybus.whether/howwhythatwhythat1.Iwondered _youweresoangry.2.Italldependson_theywillsupportus.

12、3.Icantimagine_madehimactlikethat.4.Imdelighted_Ihavepassedtheexam.5.Ifinditnecessary_ weshoulddothehomework.用适当的连接词填空用适当的连接词填空why whether what that that请思考？请思考？宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句谓宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句谓宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句谓宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词语动词语动词语动词(及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词)或介词之后

13、。或介词之后。或介词之后。或介词之后。宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同。vvSheShediddidnotnotknowknowwhatwhathadhadhappened.happened.(作作作作动动动动词词词词的的的的宾语宾语宾语宾语)vvOurOur successsuccess dependsdepends uponupon howhow wellwell wewe cancancooperatewithoneanother.(coopera

14、tewithoneanother.(作介词的宾语作介词的宾语作介词的宾语作介词的宾语)vvIamIamafraid(thatafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.)Ivemadeamistake.(作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语)It It 作形式宾语作形式宾语vit不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。vWethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygo

15、ne.vWethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.vIfinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Exercises 1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A.it B.that C.these D.them 2.I feel _ strange that he should be so careless.A./B.it C.that D.how 3.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gre

16、y.Awhile B.that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.themABBC1、当主句动词是现在时或将来时，从句根据自、当主句动词是现在时或将来时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.Iknow(that)he

17、hasstudiedEnglishsince1998.宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应”宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“否定转移否定转移”若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为:think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idontthinkhewillcomehere.Idontthinkthedressfitsyouwell。1)宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序。

18、宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序。2)whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句，都可以引导宾语从句，但但:(1)当当whether后紧跟后紧跟ornot时时,不用不用if;例例:Idontknow_Iwillstayornot.(2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.例例:Iworryabout_Ihurtherfeeling.宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项注意注意whetherwhether3)引导宾语从句的连词引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义也无实际意义,多数情况下多数情况下可以省略。但部分情况不可省略。可以省略。但部分情况不可省略。(1).在主在主+谓谓+it(形式

19、宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句中从句中(真正宾语真正宾语)的句型中不省略：的句型中不省略：Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.(2).由连词由连词and连接的两个由连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中,that不省略不省略.Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项注意注意1)Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthe

20、soldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.3)HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.Summary:名词名词news，information，belief，fact，order，hope，idea，answer，doubt，thought，question等后可跟同位语从句等后可跟同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句，一般放

21、在名词之后，用以说明或解释前性从句，一般放在名词之后，用以说明或解释前性从句，一般放在名词之后，用以说明或解释前性从句，一般放在名词之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词。可接同位语从句的名词通常是面的名词。可接同位语从句的名词通常是面的名词。可接同位语从句的名词通常是面的名词。可接同位语从句的名词通常是概括性、概括性、概括性、概括性、抽象名词，少为复数，且通常带冠词抽象名词，少为复数，且通常带冠词抽象名词，少为复数，且通常带冠词抽象名词，少为复数，且通常带冠词，常见者有：，常见者有：，常见者有：，常见者有：fact,news,idea,promise,thought,fact,news,idea,p

22、romise,thought,answer,hope,answer,hope,demand,doubt,decision,explanation,demand,doubt,decision,explanation,suggestion,suggestion,order,problem,question,remark,reply,order,problem,question,remark,reply,report,report,belief,truth,wishbelief,truth,wish等。等。等。等。Review Noun clause v1.Translation.1)Itisapi

23、tythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.2)Motheraskedhissonwhathehadforlunchatschool3)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.4)Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwonthegame!1._hesaidsomadeusangry._hesaidatthemeetingmadeusangry.2.Acomputercanonlydo_youhaveinstructedittodo.3.中国不再是过去的样子了。中国不再是过去的样子

24、了。4.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereThatWhatChinaisnolonger_itusedtobe.whatwhat(1)They want to know _ do to help us.(1)They want to know _ do to help us.A.what can they A.what can they B.what they can B.what they can C.how they can C.how they can D.how ca

25、n they D.how can they(2)Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2)Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice putA.where Alice had put B.where had Alice putC.where Alice has put D.where has Alice putC.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put(3)Someone is ringing Mary.Go and

26、 see _.(3)Someone is ringing Mary.Go and see _.A.who is he A.who is he B.who he is B.who he isC.whoisitD.whoitisB BC CI.语序问题语序问题DD归纳归纳在在名名词词性性从从句句中中，除除了了关关联联词词在在从从句句之之首首外外，其它部分其它部分应用应用_的语序的语序。陈述v1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.v2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.v3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting

27、.v4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.v5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.v6._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfa.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用_，不能用if；b.后面紧跟 or not 时,用_.归纳归纳whetherwhetherII.If/whether问题问题(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.A.WhatB.Wher

28、eC.If D.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whether D.whenhen(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt_hewillcomesoon?whether/ifwhether/ifthatthatthatthat表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用表示肯定时用_。归纳归纳whether/ifthatIII.that与与whether/if的选择的

29、选择1.(09四川四川8).Newscamefromtheschooloffice_XiaoLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where2.(09天津天津9).Itisobvioustothestudents_theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that3.(06上海上海)Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.A.howB.whyC

30、.thatD.when高考链接高考链接同位语从句同位语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句4.(上海上海01年春季）年春季）Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoonA.whenB.howCwhetherD.why5.(2006江苏江苏)Wehaventsettledthequestionof_itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroadAifBwhereCwhetherDthat6.(96NMET)_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsonthewea

31、ther.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句1.While I was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took his place.()2.Where there is a will,there is a way.()3.Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.（）4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.()5.So clever was he a studen

32、t that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.()6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.()7.Try as he might,he could not find a job.()8.The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son.()时间时间地点地点原因原因目的目的结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式状语从句的分类状语从句的分类九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词 时间状语从句 w

33、hen,while,as,before,after,as soon as,till,until,notuntil,the first/second/last time,the moment,the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan where,wherever because,since,as,now that,seeing that,considering that if,unless,now(that),as(so)long as,in case,o

34、n condition that,suppose/supposing,provided/providing although,though,even though/if,as,while,no matter which/what/when/where/who/how,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,however,whetheror；地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句及及其其常常用用的的连连接接词词 结果状语从句 so that,sothat,suchthat so that,in ca

35、se,for fear that,lest how,as,as if/as though than,asas,not so/asas,the+比较级,the+比较级 目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句九九种种常常用用的的状状语语从从句句 时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句 状语从句有九种，状语从句有九种，时地原因条状补，时地原因条状补，目比结果方让步，目比结果方让步，连词引导各不同；连词引导各不同；主句通常前面走，主句通常前面走，连词引导紧随后，连词引导紧随后，从句若在主前头，从句若在主前头，主从之间有个逗。主从之间有

36、个逗。1、各种从属连词的含义及用法、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较；比较；2、nomatterwh-与与wh-ever引引导的从句的区别；导的从句的区别；3、状语从句的时态问题；、状语从句的时态问题；4、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题；、状语从句倒装及紧缩问题；5、状语从句与其它从句的区别。、状语从句与其它从句的区别。考考点点难难点点1.时间状语从句时间状语从句问题问题1:1.(04北京春)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.(02上海)He was abou

37、t to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as B.until C.whileD.when3.(05上海)He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.thatD.until4.(05福建)Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A.Befor

38、e B.when C.that D.until5.(06辽宁)He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.whileA AD DB BB BC C问题问题2:6.(06天津)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A.since B.when C.as D.wh

39、ile7.(04年江苏)_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless连接词while的用法小结 1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。D DA A 2、条件状语从句、条件状语从句问题问题1：1、The WTO

40、cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.（2000全国）Aas long as BwhileCif Deven though2、It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly,you wont keep good health.（05重庆卷）A.unless B.whenever C.although D.if C CA A unless 相当于 ifnot，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这也是高

41、考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。问题问题2：1、_Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.（04北京春季）北京春季）A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif 2、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctors_Ihavetowait.（05全国卷全国卷3）Aincase BsothatCinorderDasif B BA A aslongas 与 asfaras 都可引导条件状语从句，aslongas 表示“只要”，asfaras 表示“就而

42、论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。incase 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。3、让步状语从句、让步状语从句问题问题1：1、_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.（04江苏）A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions,_they are different from your own.(05湖南卷）A.untilB.even ifC.unless D.as thou

43、gh A AB B while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。evenif 等于 eventhough，表示“即使、尽管”。asthough 等于asif，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。问题问题2：1、He tried his best to solve the problem,_ difficult it was.（05天津卷）A.however B.no matter C.whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved,_the cost.（05浙江）Ahowever

44、 Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever A AB Bnomatterwh-与与wh-ever的联系及区别：的联系及区别：nomatterwh-只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。如:No matter when/Whenever he comes back,he should be invited to the party.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，Nomatterwh-不能。如：Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt.Whoever can help us will b

45、e welcome.4.状语从句的时态问题状语从句的时态问题问题问题1：1、The house could fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work.（04全国IV）A has done B is doing C does D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.（05北京春季）A.before B.since C.after D.when 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。

46、在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。C CB B5、状语从句的倒装问题、状语从句的倒装问题问题问题1：1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.(01 上海)A.I have felt B.have I felt C.I did feel D.did I feel2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution

47、was.(95 NMET)A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realized C.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：否定词开头；so 加 adj.开头；as/though引导的让步状语从句。D DA A特别注意：特别注意：Hardly when No sooner than Child as he is,Hardly had he got to the station when the train left.No sooner h

48、ad he got to the station than the train left.Child as he is,he can speak seven foreign languages.6、状语从句与并列句的区别、状语从句与并列句的区别问题问题1：1、Though he is in his sixties,_ he works as hard as a young man A.yet B.but C.and D.and yet2、Excuse me for breaking in,_ I have some news for you.(NMET02)A.so B.and C.but D

49、.yet 题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and;or;but;so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题2为并列句，而“Excuse,but”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。A AC C1._ he heard this,he got very 2.angry.3.2.I met Lucy_ I was walking 4.along the river.5.3._ a child,he lived in the 6.countryside.7.A.when B.while C.as对比训练对比训练 1A AB BC C1.Wewe

50、reabouttoleave_itbegantorain.2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.3.HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition_thebellrang.A.whenB.whileC.asD.during对比训练对比训练 2 A AB BA A1.Child_sheis,sheknowalot.2.Hedidtheexperient_hewastold.3.Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnot_good.A.durin