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1、英语高考重要常考知识点2023英语高考知识点1难点形成原因:1.对在句中作时间、条件、原因还是别的状语不是很清楚。2.分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。解决办法:1.理解分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句。2.分清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。Thoughtired,hestillcontinuedreading.3.现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句,如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词
2、。Facedwithabillfor$10,000(=Becauseheisfacedwithabillfor$10,000),Johnhastakenanextrajob.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwayssayingthesamething(=andhewouldsaythesamething).注意:1.现在分词有两种时态:一般式doing和完成式havingdone。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后;完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如:
3、Whilewalkinginthestreet,wemetsomefriendsofours.(同时发生)Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(“等待”先于谓语动词“意识到”)2.分词的否定式的构成:not+分词。Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.英语高考知识点2表强调:still,indeed,ofcourse,afterall,aboveall,surely,certainly,undoubtedly,
4、inanycase,anyway,infact,especially,obviously,clearly表比较like,unlike,similarly,inthesameway,equally,similarto表对比bycontrast,onthecontrary,while.,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,differentfrom,however,otherwise,yet,theformerthelatter,oncenow,someother,yearsagotoday表列举foronethingandforanother,li
5、ke表举例Forexample,forinstance,suchas,takeforexample,exceptfor表时间Later,next,then,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,fromnowon,fromthenon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,intheend,immediately,inthemeantime,inthemeanwhile,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,since,lately,afterwards,temporarily,earlier,
6、now,afterawhile,when,while,before,after,until,assoonas,then,suddenly,inafewdays,inrecentyears,earlythismorning/year/century,allofsudden,themoment表顺序First,second,third,firstly,secondly,thirdly,tobeginwith,firstofall,inthefirstplace,last,finally,eventually,intheend,atlast,next,aboveall,firstandmostimp
7、ortant,meanwhile表解释Inotherwords,infact,asamatteroffact,thatis,thatistosay,namely,表递进Whatismore,inaddition,and,alsobesides,too,moreover,furthermore,aswellas,aswell,again,additionally,whatisworse?表让步Although,though,eventhough,afterall,inspiteof,evenif,表转折However,ratherthen,insteadof,but,yet,ontheother
8、hand,unfortunately,despite表原因英语高考知识点3quite相当;quiet安静地2)affectv.影响,假装;effectn.结果,影响3)adapt适应;adopt采用;adept内行4)angel天使;angle角度5)dairy牛奶厂;diary日记6)contend奋斗,斗争;content内容,满足的;context上下文;contest竞争,比赛7)principal校长,主要的;principle原则8)implicit含蓄的;explicit明白的9)dessert甜食;desert沙漠v放弃;dissert写论文10)pat轻拍;tap轻打;sla
9、p掌击;rap敲,打11)decent正经的;descentn向下,血统;descendv向下12)sweet甜的;sweat汗水13)later后来;latter后者;latest最近的;latelyadv最近14)costume服装;custom习惯15)extensive广泛的;intensive深刻的16)aural耳的;oral口头的17)abroad国外;aboard上(船,飞机)英语高考知识点4Since从句为非延续性动词的过去时或现在完成时,时间的起点应该从从句动作完成时刻算起。例如:ThingshavechangedalotsinceIwrotetoyoulasttime.自
10、我上次给你写信之后,情况已发生了很大的变化。自从她来到这里,就一直和我们住在一起。2.Since从句为延续性动词的一般过去时,表示动作或状态的结束。其含义与动词的词义恰好相反,具有否定意味。例如:Allhaschangedsincehewasathome.自从他离开家以后,这里的一切都变了。IhaventwrittentohersinceshelivedinLondon.自从离开伦敦以来,我还没有给她写过信。HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.自从我病愈以来,他一直没有来看我。TwoyearshavepassedsinceIlastsmoked.我戒烟已经两年了
11、。但如果since从句是延续性动词的现在完成时,则表示动作由开始延续至说话的时候,具有肯定意味。例如:HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.自从我生病以来,他一直没有来看我。Shehastalkedlittlesinceshehasstayedathome.自从她呆在家里以后,就很少讲话。Sincewehaveownedacar,wehavegonecampingeveryyear.自从我们有了汽车后,年年都去野营。3.在现代英语中,since从句是延续性动词的一般过去时,有时候也可以表示肯定意味。此时,多半用ever来加强since的语义。例如:She
12、hasknownmeeversinceshewasachild.她从小就认识我了。IhavelivehereeversinceIwasborn.我生下来就住在这里。4.在itis+时间+since从句结构中,since从句是非延续性动词的一般过去时,含有肯定意味。例如:Itisthreeyearssinceherhusbandlefther.她丈夫离开她已经3年了。ItisoversixtyyearssincethePeoplesRepublicofChinawasestablished.中华人民共和国已经成立60多年了。英语高考知识点5主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句
13、谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较。It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidntgotoseethefilm.Itdoesntinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.2.用
14、it作形式主语的结构。(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。(2)Itissaid,(reported)结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)(3)Ithappens,Itoccurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)Thathefailedintheexamin
15、ationoccurredtohim.(wrong)(4)Itdoesntmatterhow/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itdoesntmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesntmatter.(wrong)(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)4.What与that在引导主语从句时的区别。What引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。