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1、CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTFT LCD液晶顯示器顯示原理Shih-hao Ou/歐士豪開發三部開發二課#56869CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTFT-LCD Panel的構造TFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介OutlineCMO/IDTech ConfidentialTFT-LCD Panel的構造CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTFT-LCD結構示意圖Scan Line掃描線Data Line訊號線電腦圖像顯示TFT-LCD Panel的構造CMO/IDTech ConfidentialPCB燈管TFTPol
2、arizer 偏光板 CFPolarizer 偏光板 Scan Line掃描線Data Line訊號線液晶TFT-LCD Panel的構造CMO/IDTech ConfidentialLightCCFLLamp reflectorProtector(diffuser)Prism IPrism IIDiffuserLight Guide PlateReflection PlateTFT-LCD Panel的構造Backlight Optical Configuration:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTN Module穿透率:PCBCCFL(cold cathode fluor
3、escent tube)TFTPolarizer 偏光板 CFPolarizerTFT-LCD Panel的構造CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格CMO/IDTech Confidential在同一尺寸下,解析度越高,畫質就越細膩TFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格產品特性:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialRedGreenBlueWhiteGray Scale0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 63For color depth 6 bits,There are 26 x 26 x 26=262,144 colorsFor
4、color depth 8 bitsThere are 28 x 28 x 28=16,777,216 colorsTFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格顏色深度:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialBacklightColor FilterB filtered G filtered R filtered610nm545nm435nm490nmTFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格Color:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialContrast Ratio(CR/對比):CR=L255/L0L255:Luminance of gray level 255(最大亮度/nits)L
5、0:Luminance of gray level 0(最小亮度/nits)Photometer(TOPCON BM-5A)Field of View=2500 mmLCD ModuleLCD PanelCenter of the ScreenLight Shield Room TFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格對比與亮度:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTr0TrTf0TfsignalLuminancetimetime100%90%10%0%risefallFor Normally WhiteResponse Time(TR,TF):TR+TFTFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與
6、規格反應時間:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialPolarizer穿透軸2 0 4 6 8 10TFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格Viewing angle problem in single-domain VA:CMO/IDTech Confidential WideView Film:由 FujiFilm 獨家開發 分子排列結構與TN-LCD暗態時相同 負的雙折射效應(nx=nynz)可與液晶的正的雙折射效應(nx=nynz)互相抵消資料來源:FujiFilms WebsiteTFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格廣視角技術TN+film:CMO/IDTech Confiden
7、tial。VA:不加電壓時垂直排列。Multi-Domain的目的:產生視覺上平均的效果資料來源:FUJITSU Sci.Tech.J.,35,2(Dec.1999)TFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格廣視角技術MVA:CMO/IDTech Confidential利用突起物暗示液晶倒向利用ITO Slit改變電場分佈TFT-LCD 顯示器產品特性與規格MVA產生domain的方法:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介CMO/IDTech Confidential液晶分子可改變光的極化狀態TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介光的偏極化:CMO/IDTech Con
8、fidentialTake the 90o TN as the exampleData from:SHARPs websiteTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介The Operation Principles of LCD:CMO/IDTech Confidential以90度TN為例資料來源:SHARPs website不管是顯示電極的電壓高,或是Common電極的電壓高,所表現出來的灰階是一樣的,不過液晶分子的轉向卻是完全相反的。TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介CMO/IDTech ConfidentialV oltageTransmittance(%)小 大電壓越高,穿透的光越少電壓越低,穿透的光
9、越多施加在液晶上電壓的高低可以控制穿透光的多寡,進而控制紅綠藍三種顏色的亮暗程度。TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介CMO/IDTech ConfidentialDriving signal:30Hz,square wave5v3vTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介V-T Curve:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialXDark state(Off):LC perpendicular to substrate.Bright state(On):LC lies down and parallel to substrate.2 0 4 6 8 10TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介V-T Curve:C
10、MO/IDTech ConfidentialThe engineers in PD could only determine the voltage of gray scale 0,16,32,48,63 for 6 bits and 0,32,64,255,etc.for 8 bits.The others are determined by the data driver IC.TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介Gamma voltage:CMO/IDTech Confidentialodd frameeven frame16.67mstime避免DC殘留,造成image sticking液晶須
11、以AC訊號驅動TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介AC Driving:CMO/IDTech Confidentialtime16.67msWrong VcomApplied voltage shifts所謂的Flicker現象,就是當看液晶顯示器畫面上時,畫面會有閃爍的感覺。這是因為顯示的畫面灰階在每次更新畫面時,會有些微的變動,讓人眼感受到畫面在閃爍。最容易發生在使用Frame Inversion的極性變換方式。TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介Flicker:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 TFT-LCD信號寫入原理:CMO/IDTech Confident
12、ialData line Gate lineITOTFTCst on gateData line Gate lineITOTFTCst on commonTo improve the retention characteristics of the signal chargeTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 Storage Capacitor:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介CstITO電極區 能夠控制液晶分子排列的區域BM遮進來的區域金屬不透光區A.R.(Aperture Rate)=61%(for 100m*300m pixel)Cst on comm
13、on:CMO/IDTech ConfidentialVoltage(Feed Through)=(Vg2-Vg1)*Cgd/Cgd+Clc+CsTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 Cs on common:Common電壓固定不動,造成Feed Through電壓影響顯示電極的主因只有Gate Driver經由Cgd寄生電容所引起的電壓變化。CMO/IDTech Confidential先開啟第一列,其餘關閉。充電第一列至之前設定之所需電壓。TFT TFT玻璃電極 玻璃電極Data Line Data LineScan Line Scan LineONOFFOFFOFFOFFTFT-LCD 驅動原理
14、簡介CMO/IDTech Confidential接著關閉第一列,電壓已經固定,所以顯示顏色也已固定。開啟第二列,其餘仍保持關閉。充電第二列至預設電壓。依此類推,可完成整個畫面之顯像。ONOFFOFFOFFOFFTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介CMO/IDTech ConfidentialPixelDot orSub-pixelData lineScan linettTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 TFT LC Display:CMO/IDTech Confidential+Frame inversion-Lower power-Sensitive to flicker due to lack of
15、 spatial averaging-Sensitive to horizontal and vertical cross-talk-V(common)電極可連接在一起.TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 LC polarity control(1/5):CMO/IDTech Confidential+-+-Row inversion-+-+-Higher power-Reduced flicker-Lower vertical cross-talk-Sensitive to horizontal corss talk-V(common)電極可連接在一起.TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 LC pola
16、rity control(2/5):CMO/IDTech Confidential+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-Column inversion-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-Lower power-Reduced flicker-Lower horizontal cross-talkTFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 LC polarity control(3/5):CMO/IDTech Confidential+-+-+-+-+-+-+Dot inversion-+-+-+-+-+-+-Higher power-Minimum flicker-Highest image quality-以6
17、0Hz(1024*768)更新頻率來說,亦即每16.67ms 更改一次Frame 的極性.TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 LC polarity control(4/5):CMO/IDTech Confidential+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+2 line inversion-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-Higher power-Minimum flicker-High image quality-只能使用固定的V(common)電極電壓.TFT-LCD 驅動原理簡介 LC polarity control(5/5):CMO/IDTech Confidential學習歷程已學習:1.TFTL
18、CD液晶顯示器顯示原理 2.Gate Driver&Source Driver Spec.學習過程中產生的疑問?1.產線組裝流程 2.Panel製作流程CMO/IDTech Confidential1.液晶顯示原理介紹(11.29 30)2.Driver IC 簡介(11.30)3.Timing Chart(12.6)4.AD board線路動作原理介紹(1 weeks)5.X board DC/DC電路(3 days)6.EE Report量測(2 weeks)7.MISC.8.ESD9.EMI10.Orcad11.PowerPCB12.Notes&BOM架構&焊接技術學習進度谢谢观看/欢迎下载BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES.BY FAITH I BY FAITH