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1、 专业英语 一、 问答题1、 Explain the meaning of the word “Sustainability” .Sustainability is the capacity to endure. In ecology the word describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time. For humans it is the potential for long-term maintenance of wellbeing, which in turn depends on the
2、 wellbeing of the natural world and the responsible use of natural resources. Sustainability has become a wide-ranging term that can be applied to almost every facet of life on Earth, from a local to a global scale and over various time periods. Long-lived and healthy wetlands and forests are exampl
3、es of sustainable biological systems. Invisible chemical cycles redistribute water, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon through the worlds living and non-living systems, and have sustained life for millions of years. As the earths human population has increased, natural ecosystems have declined and changes
4、in the balance of natural cycles has had a negative impact on both humans and other living systems. There is now abundant scientific evidence that humanity is living unsustainably. Returning human use of natural resources to within sustainable limits will require a major collective effort. Ways of l
5、iving more sustainably can take many forms from reorganising living conditions (e.g., ecovillages, eco-municipalities and sustainable cities), reappraising economic sectors (permaculture, green building, sustainable agriculture), or work practices (sustainable architecture), using science to develop
6、 new technologies (green technologies, renewable energy), to adjustments in individual lifestyles.2、 Give a general description of William Kents design style.As a landscape designer, Kent was one of the originators of the English landscape garden, a style of natural gardening that revolutionised the
7、 laying out of gardens and estates. His projects included Chiswick House, Stowe, Buckinghamshire, from about 1730 onwards, designs for Alexander Popes villa garden at Twickenham, for Queen Caroline at Richmond and notably at Rousham House, Oxfordshire, where he created a sequence of Arcadian set-pie
8、ces punctuated with temples, cascades, grottoes, Palladian bridges and exedra, opening the field for the larger scale achievements of Capability Brown in the following generation. Smaller Kent works can be found at Shotover House, Oxfordshire, including a faux Gothic eyecatcher and a domed pavilion.
9、 His all-but-lost gardens at Claremont, Surrey, have recently been restored. It is often said that he was not above planting dead trees to create the mood he required.Kents only real downfall was said to be his lack of horticultural knowledge and technical skill (which people like Charles Bridgeman
10、possessed - whose impact on Kent is often underestimated), but his naturalistic style of design was his major contribution to the history of landscape design. Claremont, Stowe, and Rousham are places where their joint efforts can be viewed. Stowe and Rousham are Kents most famous works. At the latte
11、r, Kent elaborated on Bridgemans 1720s design for the property, adding walls and arches to catch the viewers eye. At Stowe, Kent used his Italian experience, particularly with the Palladian Bridge. At both sites Kent incorporated his naturalistic approach. 二综合题Give a example about a master of landscape achitecture, including his or her masterpieces, and make a description in detail. 2