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1、Grammar直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeechThe shoes The shoes are too big are too big for me.for me.What did What did he say?he say?He said the shoes He said the shoes were too big for were too big for him.him.Grammar直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeech基本概念基本概念直接引述直接引述别人的原话。别人的原话。通常都用通常都用
2、引号引号“”括起括起来。来。用用自自己己的的话话把把别别人人的的话话转转述述出出来来。间间接接引引语语在在多多数数情情况况下下都都构构成一个成一个宾语从句宾语从句。直接引语直接引语直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语间接引语间接引语直接引语直接引语直接引语直接引语和和和和间接引语间接引语间接引语间接引语Shesaidshehadbeentomanycountries.Shesaidshewouldcallonyouthenextday.Iamgoodatdancing.IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.ShesaidthatshehadvisitedtheGreatWal
3、lthedaybefore.Shesaidthatshewasgoodatdancing.结论一结论一结论一结论一直直接接引引语语是是陈陈述述句句,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时用用连连词词thatthat(that(that常常可可省省略略)引引导导宾宾语语从从句句.从从句句中中的的人人称称,时时态态,指指示示代代词词,时时间间状状语语,地地点点状状语语等相应变化等相应变化.Doyoulikeflowers?Sheaskedmewhether/ifIlikedflowers.Whereareyougoingforyourholiday?SheaskedmewhereIwasgoingformy
4、holiday.结论二结论二结论二结论二直直接接引引语语是是疑疑问问句句，变变间间接接引引语语时时，要从要从疑问语序疑问语序变为变为陈述语序陈述语序。直直接接引引语语是是一一般般疑疑问问句句,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时,用连词用连词if或或whether连接。连接。直直接接引引语语是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句,变变为为间间接接引引语语时时,仍用仍用原来的疑问词原来的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。5.注意地点的变化注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化。注意人称变化。3.注意指示代词的变化注意指
5、示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化注意个别趋向动词的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语1 1、人称的变化、人称的变化、人称的变化、人称的变化一一随随主主二二随随宾宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He sa
6、id to Lily,“you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me,“They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新1.Tom said to me,“I have left my book in your room.”Tom told _ that _ had left _book in _ room.2.Mary said to me,“Th
7、e boy can look after himself”Mary told me that _ could look after _.mehehismytheboyhimself一主二宾三不变时态的变化时态的变化 Jim says,“Ive read Toms book.”Jim says(that)he has read Toms book.He will say,“The boy was lazy.”He will tell you that the boy was lazy.直接引语的引述动词若为直接引语的引述动词若为现在时现在时态或将来时态态或将来时态，直接引语变为间，直接引语变为间
8、接引语时，时态可保持不变。接引语时，时态可保持不变。He told me,“I know him.”He told me that he knew him.“I took it home with me,”she said.She said she had taken it home with her.He said,“I will be in Paris on Monday.He said he would be in Paris on Monday.如果直接引语的引述动词若为过去时态，如果直接引语的引述动词若为过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，宾语从句的直接引语变为间接引语时，宾语从句的时
9、态要向过去推一个时态。时态要向过去推一个时态。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”Theteachersaidthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.特特殊殊:直直接接引引语语若若是是客客观观真真理理,变变为为间间接接引语时引语时,时态不变时态不变.2 2 2 2、时态的变化、时态的变化、时态
10、的变化、时态的变化1)Shesaidtome,“YouspeakEnglishbetterthanme.”ShetoldmethatIspokeEnglishbetterthanher.2)Nancysaid,“Illcallyouagainlater.”Nancysaidthatshewouldcallmeagainlater.一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时3)Hesaid,“Immakingaphonecall.”Hesaidthathewasmakingaphonecall.现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时4)Hesaid,
11、“Itookithomewithme.”Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995.一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时如一般过去时如有具体时间状语有具体时间状语时，时，可以可以不变不变。5)Paulsaid,“Ourteamhaswonthematch.”Paulsaidthattheirteamhadwonthematch.现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时He said,“The earth goes around the sun.”H
12、e said that the earth goes around the sun.直接引语如果是直接引语如果是客观真理客观真理,变为间接引语时变为间接引语时,时态不变时态不变.直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词时时间间状状语语地点状语地点状语方向性动词方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetom
13、orrowthenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecome,go,bringtake、其其他他特特殊殊变变化化3 3“I am going to school now.”he said.He said that he was going to school _.“Tom will leave for London tomorrow.”said Mum.Mum said that Tom would leave for London_.thenthe next dayHe said,“I arrived this morning.He said he ha
14、d arrived _ morning.She said,“Ill come here again tonight.”She said she would _ again that night.thatgo there注：如直接引语要变为间接引语，注：如直接引语要变为间接引语，但如转述发生在当天、当地的事，但如转述发生在当天、当地的事，这些词不必改变。这些词不必改变。This morning he said,“Hell come here tomorrow.”This morning he said that he would/will come here tomorrow.注意事项注意事项注
15、意事项注意事项1)1)人称人称2)2)时态时态 3)3)相应的时间地点状语相应的时间地点状语4)4)标点符号标点符号5)5)大小写大小写6)6)问号改为句号问号改为句号7)7)语序语序-疑问改陈述疑问改陈述8)8)宾语从句由什么引出宾语从句由什么引出1.Theteachersaid，“Dontbelate，Mary.”Theteachertold_.A.MarynottobelateB.MarytobenotlateC.MaryarenotlateD.nottobelate2.Heaskedher，“Whereareyougoing?”Heaskedher_.A.wheresheweregoi
16、ngB.whereshewasgoingtoC.whereshewasgoingD.wheresheisgoing巩固提高巩固提高巩固提高巩固提高3.Theladysaid，“Ishallgothereontime.”Theladysaidthat_.A.shewouldcomethereontimeB.shewouldcomehereontimeC.shewouldgothereontimeD.hewouldgothereontime4.Hesaidtome，“Iwrotetomyfatheryesterday.”Hetoldmehehadwrittentohisfather_.A.they
17、esterdayB.beforetodayC.thedaybeforeD.thenextday5.Theteacherasked，“Areyouwaitingforthebus?”Theteacherasked_forthebus.A.ifIwaswaitingB.wasIwaitingC.youarewaitingD.Iwaswaiting6.Theprofessorsaidthatlight_fasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.travelD.traveled7.Mymotheraskedmetoshowmyhomeworktoher.Mymothersaidtome，“Show_homework.”A.hermyB.meyourC.heryourD.mehis8.ItshardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall9.Iwonderhowhe_thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay