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1、会计学1高考英语二轮复习高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧解题技巧第1页/共39页英语考纲英语考纲-阅读阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。第2页/共39页阅读题阅读题型型细节理解猜测词义推理判断主旨大意观点态度篇章结构第3页/共39页解题技巧细节理解词义猜测推理判断主旨大意观点态度篇章结构第4页/共39页主旨大意题主旨大意题加工与
2、浓缩信息的能力加工与浓缩信息的能力加工与浓缩信息的能力加工与浓缩信息的能力考察要点：这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题主题和理解中心中心思想思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题主题和中心句和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、概括、判断、归纳、推理推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。第5页/共39页主题句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括:一篇文章或一个段落一般表达一个中心内容或主题。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文或全段的
3、主要内容概括全文或全段的主要内容，具有高度的综合高度的综合性和概括性性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.主主旨旨大大意意题题标题标题文章主旨文章主旨段落主段落主旨旨第6页/共39页Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.1 Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also c
4、an cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Example第
5、7页/共39页to try to judge a person only by his appearanceSo,it is foolish2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying tohide his own weakness.So,it is foolishto
6、try to judge a person only by his appearanceExample第8页/共39页called“bait and switchThis sales method is”.3 3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hu-rry.”However,when you go to the store ready to bu
7、y.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale nee
8、ds careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.例题例题called“bait and switchExampleThis sales method is”.第9页/共39页 4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvar
9、d Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.ExampleTom received a excellent education 第10页/共39页1.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph 2/?2.What does the third/paragraph discu
10、ss?3.What is mainly discussed in paragraph?4.Paragraph 5/mainly talks about _ 段落主段落主旨旨QuestionForms第11页/共39页主主题题句句的的呈呈现现段段首首提出主题提出主题,随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释,支撑支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最最常见的演绎法写作方式。常见的演绎法写作方式。段段尾尾通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解而后又作进一步
11、的解释释,支撑或发展。支撑或发展。无主无主题句题句即主题句隐含在全段中即主题句隐含在全段中,没有明确的主没有明确的主题句题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，归纳成综合分析，归纳成一般概念一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。如其分。在表述在表述细节后细节后,归纳要点归纳要点,印象印象,结论结论建议或结果建议或结果,以概括主题以概括主题.这是英语这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。中最常见的归纳法写作方式。段段中中第12页/共39
12、页d e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea第13页/共39页1)What is the topic sentence of the passage?2)This article/text/passage mainly tells that _.3)Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage?4)Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?5.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6.W
13、ithwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?文章主旨文章主旨大意大意QuestionForms第14页/共39页1.1.新闻报道新闻报道 News News report report The leadThe body Explanationof5W,1HMoredetailsof5W,1HBackgroundandrelevantevents1.BBC,VOACNN,AP,ChinaDaily,Reuters,AFP(AgenceFrancePresse)2.Payattentiontothetimeandtheplacebeforethepassage
14、注意注意第15页/共39页called3DTouchincludeanewrosegoldoptionandanewscreentechnologyThenewiPhones,calledthe6sand6sPlus SanFrancisco-,.TheiPhone6Sand6SPluscomeinfourfinishes-silver,gold,spacegreyandrosegold-andcomeintwosizesthatmatchlastyearshandsetsmeasurements.Thephonealsohasanew,muchfasterchipApplesPhilSchi
15、llersaysisthefastesteverinaphone.ItwillcostthesameastheiPhone6and6Plus,from$199,andgoonsaleonSeptember25th.includeanewrosegoldoptionandanewscreentechnologyExampleThenewiPhones,calledthe6sand6sPluscalled3DTouch.第16页/共39页2说明文的基本结构Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)Concl
16、usionExamplesComparisonClassification第17页/共39页reasonswhyyoushouldplanatriphereinthecomingmonths.someofthebest Cooltemperatures,goldencolorsofautumnanddramaticeventsarejustthreereasonstovisitOregonsWashingtonCountythisfall.Theseasonbringsalargenumberofplacestoseeandthingstodo.WevecollectedItsaHarvest
17、SeasonAutumnmarkstheheightoftheagriculturalseason,.TheColorsAreChangingOnacool,autumnday,therural,agriculturalandforestedsceneryofOregonsWashingtonCountycomesalivewithbrightred,orangeandyellowleavessomeofthebest例题例题Examplereasonswhyyoushouldplanatriphereinthecomingmonths.第18页/共39页BirdMigrationSeason
18、IsinHighSeasonSeptemberandOctoberarebusymonthsforbirdwatchersExperienceTree-to-TreeAdventuresatSunsetEnjoythecrisptemperaturesandrichcolorsoftheseasonatTreetoTreeAdventurePark5.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?ASomereasonstovisitOregonsWashingtonCountyBWashingtonCountyWelcomesitsBestSeasonCCharmoftheC
19、olorfulSeasonDTakeAdventuresintheComingAutumnA第19页/共39页3.议论文的基本结构ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupporting sentencesfactsexamplestheory论点论据结论第20页/共39页Likemostpeople,Iwasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasaprocessofgetting.Itwasnotuntilinmylatethirtiesthat.Youneednotworry if you lack money.This is
20、 how Iexperimentedwithgiving-away.If an idea for improving the windowdisplayofaneighborhoodstoreflashestome,Istepinandmakethesuggestiontothe storekeeper.One discovery I madeabout giving-away is that it is almostimpossible to give away anything in thisworld without getting something back,though the r
21、eturn often comes in anunexpectedform.giving-awaymakeslifeImadethisimportantdiscovery:somuchmoreexcitingsomuchmoreexciting例题例题Examplegiving-awaymakeslife第21页/共39页One Sunday morning the local post officedeliveredanimportantspecialdeliverylettertomyhome,thoughitwasaddressedtomeatmyoffice.I wrote the p
22、ostmaster a note ofappreciation.MorethanayearlaterIneededapost-officeboxforanewbusinessIwasstarting.I was told at the window that there were noboxesleft,andthatmynamewouldhavetogoonalongwaitinglist.AsIwasabouttoleave,thepostmasterappearedinthedoorway.Hehadoverheard(无 意 中 听 到)our conversation.“Wasnti
23、tyouthatwroteusthatletterayearagoabout delivering a special delivery to yourhome?”Isaidyes.“Well,youcertainlyaregoingtohaveaboxinthispostofficeifwehavetomakeoneforyou.Youdontknowwhataletterlikethatmeanstous.Weusuallygetnothingbutcomplaints.”第22页/共39页4.记叙文的基本结构Narrative writingsStorypresentationEndin
24、gTime cluesInverted time cluessurprisinghumorous第23页/共39页第24页/共39页寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法(一一)文中出现的文中出现的连词连词（转折（转折but/however，因果，因果 so/therefore)，或一些常见但在文章中间出现有或一些常见但在文章中间出现有一定目的的词（一定目的的词（in fact,the study shows that,for example,in short）,这些词后面这些词后面所阐述的往往就是主题句所阐述的往往就是主题句。(二二)首段首段出现疑问句时出现疑问句时,对该问题对该问题的解答就是文章
25、主旨的解答就是文章主旨.Skills第25页/共39页寻找主题句的方法寻找主题句的方法(三三)有的文章无明显主题句，主有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行读者对每段文章的段意进行归纳归纳，在段落大意的基础上再在段落大意的基础上再进一步加进一步加工概括工概括了。了。(四四)关注关注高频词高频词(常为名词常为名词)。许许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的一个反复出现的中心词中心词，即高频，即高频词，也叫词，也叫做主题词做主题词。抓住了它，。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。第
26、26页/共39页推敲选项推敲选项,排除干扰排除干扰推敲选项正误的推敲选项正误的5个小窍门个小窍门:根据第一步寻找主题句根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关找出关键词键词,与四个选项进行匹配与四个选项进行匹配,选出最选出最合适恰当的答案合适恰当的答案 正确选项常含正确选项常含有概括性有概括性的词语的词语 正确选项正确选项一般不含绝对意义一般不含绝对意义的的词词 正确选项应能概括全文正确选项应能概括全文,内容全内容全面面,含义深刻或说明道理含义深刻或说明道理 四个选项中四个选项中,内容相近或完全相内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案确答案第27页/共39页确定文章
27、的标题确定文章的标题：标题位于文章之首，用来高高度概括文章内容度概括文章内容，点明文章主题点明文章主题。1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_.2)Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled_.3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?标题特征：独特新独特新颖颖概括性概括性强强短小精短小精炼炼QuestionForms第28页/共39页ArrivinginSydneyonhisown
28、fromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.Duringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelate afternoon to discover that his suitcase wasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportant
29、papers,includinghispassport.Lateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusbandsnameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan（垃圾桶）thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.例题例题Example第29页/共39页Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingall
30、hispapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.That fami
31、ly not only restored the importantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FromIndiatoAustralia.B.LivinginaaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure.D.InSearchofNewFriends.C第30页
32、/共39页第31页/共39页遵循遵循 四字原则四字原则:精精用用精炼精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想的语言概括出文章的中心思想准准要注意文章的内涵和外延要注意文章的内涵和外延,把作者的观点把作者的观点准确准确地地表达出来表达出来.要排除掉那些片面的选项要排除掉那些片面的选项,选取包含文章的选取包含文章的主要主要内容内容及作者观点的选项及作者观点的选项,范围不宜过大或过小范围不宜过大或过小.全全新新所选择的标题要所选择的标题要新颖新颖,对读者有吸引力对读者有吸引力,能激发读能激发读者的阅读兴趣者的阅读兴趣.第32页/共39页主主旨旨大大意意题题段落主段落主旨旨文章主文章主旨旨标标题题段段首首段段尾尾段中段中无主题句无主题句新闻报道新闻报道说明文说明文议论议论文文记叙记叙文文总分总分总分总分总总分分总总分总分总分分综合分综合分析析独特新颖独特新颖 概括性强概括性强短小精炼短小精炼第33页/共39页第34页/共39页