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1、会计学1现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别概要现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别概要现在完成时现在完成时n n基本构成基本构成基本构成基本构成：助动词：助动词have(has)+have(has)+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词n n基本用法基本用法基本用法基本用法：n n“已完成已完成”：表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响：表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。或结果。n n “未完成未完成”：表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可：表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束。也可能刚刚结束。n n “经验性经验性”：表示从过去开
2、始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生或：表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生或多次出现的状态。多次出现的状态。第1页/共22页n n“已完成已完成”用法用法细分为两种情况：细分为两种情况：1 1）开始于过去的动作刚刚结束，常与）开始于过去的动作刚刚结束，常与just,now,just,now,already,yet,notalready,yet,notyetyet等不确定的时间连用。等不确定的时间连用。Jim has just turned off the light.Jim has just turned off the light.（说明现在灯已经关（说明现在灯已经关掉了）掉了）2 2）表
3、示过去动作的结果，现在仍存留着，一般）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍存留着，一般不用时间状语。不用时间状语。I have lost my pen.(I have lost my pen.(说明过去某时丢的，现在还没说明过去某时丢的，现在还没有找到有找到)She has become a teacher.(She has become a teacher.(说明现在仍是老师说明现在仍是老师)第2页/共22页n n“未完成未完成”用法用法：常与表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用。如常与表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用。如today,this week(month,year),in the p
4、ast few days(years),today,this week(month,year),in the past few days(years),these days,so far,up to now,until(till)now,since+these days,so far,up to now,until(till)now,since+表过表过去的时间去的时间(a year ago,yesterday,year),since+(a year ago,yesterday,year),since+从句从句,for+,for+一段时间，一段时间，recently,recently,等等。等
5、等。n nI havenI haven t seen him today.t seen him today.n nI have seen little of her in the past few years.I have seen little of her in the past few years.n nSo far he has done very well at school.So far he has done very well at school.n nThey have known each other since childhood.(They have known eac
6、h other since childhood.(现在还在现在还在交往交往)n nWe have been good friends since we were children.We have been good friends since we were children.n nHe has lived here for 10 years.(He has lived here for 10 years.(现在还住在这儿现在还住在这儿)第3页/共22页n n“经验性”用法：常与频度副词如often,always,once,twice,ever,never,before等连用。I have b
7、een to the Summer Palace twice.He has always said so.He has never been there before.特殊用法：This is the best tea I have ever drunk.This is the most interesting book I have ever read.第4页/共22页 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语 1)1)用副词用副词alreadyalready和和yetyet。alreadyalready一般用于肯定句中，一般用于肯定句中，yetyet
8、一般一般用于否定句和疑问句中。用于否定句和疑问句中。We have already finished our homework.We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业我们已完成作业了。了。They havent finished their homework yet.They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成他们还没有完成作业。作业。2)2)用用everever和和never.never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经曾经”或或“从未从未“等。等。-Have yo
9、u ever been to the Great Wall?-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城你曾经去过长城吗吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall.-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。我从未去过长城。第5页/共22页3)3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up just,before,up to now,the past few yearsto now,the past few year
10、s等。等。I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了近几天他去过那里三次了4)4)用包括用包括“现在现在”在内的时间状语，如在内的时间状语，如now,t
11、oday,this now,today,this morning(month,year,term)morning(month,year,term)等。等。-Have you met him today?-Have you met him today?今天你见过他吗？今天你见过他吗？-No,I havent.-No,I havent.我没有。我没有。How many times have you been there this year?How many times have you been there this year?今年你去今年你去过那里多少次？过那里多少次？第6页/共22页5)sin
12、ce5)since在现在完成时中经常出现，后面可跟表示过在现在完成时中经常出现，后面可跟表示过去的时间状语，例如去的时间状语，例如since yesterday,since two since yesterday,since two years ago,since 1987years ago,since 1987等等，等等，since since 引导的从句一般引导的从句一般用一般过去式，但主句谓语用现在完成时。用一般过去式，但主句谓语用现在完成时。I have lived here since two years ago.I have lived here since two years a
13、go.He has lived in Nanjing since the year before last.He has lived in Nanjing since the year before last.We have been friends ever since we met at school.We have been friends ever since we met at school.但是当主语表示有多少时间时，主句谓语可用一但是当主语表示有多少时间时，主句谓语可用一般现在时。般现在时。It It s two years since I left home.s two yea
14、rs since I left home.How long is it since you came here last time?How long is it since you came here last time?第7页/共22页现在完成时注意事现在完成时注意事项项1 1）区别）区别have been to have been to 和和have gone to have gone to Have been to Have been to 表示去（来）过某地（已经回来或已经离表示去（来）过某地（已经回来或已经离开）开）Have gone to Have gone to 表示去了某地（还
15、没有回来），鉴于含义，表示去了某地（还没有回来），鉴于含义，多用于第三人称。多用于第三人称。Have been toHave been to可以与可以与never,ever,timesnever,ever,times等表示频率的词连等表示频率的词连用，但用，但have gone tohave gone to则不能。则不能。n nHave you ever been to Hong Kong?Have you ever been to Hong Kong?n nWho has been here?Who has been here?n nI have been to Beijing twice.
16、I have been to Beijing twice.n nShe has gone to live abroad.She has gone to live abroad.n nWhere has Tim gone?Where has Tim gone?第8页/共22页2)2)非延续性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。如非延续性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。如come,go,come,go,arrive,reach,hear,close,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,arrive,reach,hear,close,leave,begin,star
17、t,lose,buy,fall,join,die,get up,die,get up,在完成时中如果想保留一段时间的状语，则需在完成时中如果想保留一段时间的状语，则需要将非延续性动词转换成延续性动词。如：要将非延续性动词转换成延续性动词。如：fall asleep(ill)be asleep(ill),buy have fall asleep(ill)be asleep(ill),buy have begin(start)be on join be in;be a+begin(start)be on join be in;be a+名词名词 get up be up get up be up
18、die be dead die be dead go out be out go out be out come be in come be in arrivebe here arrivebe here finish(end)be over finish(end)be over borrowkeep leave,move be away,borrowkeep leave,move be away,come backbe back come backbe back put onwear put onwear 或或be onbe on catch(a cold)have(a cold)catch(
19、a cold)have(a cold)begin to studystudy begin to studystudy 第9页/共22页 电影已经开始半个小时了。电影已经开始半个小时了。n nThe movie has been on for half an hour.The movie has been on for half an hour.他参军三年了。他参军三年了。n nHe has been in the army for three years.He has been in the army for three years.他母亲去世五年了。他母亲去世五年了。n nHis mothe
20、r has been dead for five years.His mother has been dead for five years.n n她已经离开这个城市十年了。她已经离开这个城市十年了。n nShe has been away from this city for about ten She has been away from this city for about ten years.years.第10页/共22页3）但是，当这些非延续性动词用于完成时的否定句中时就已经演变成可持续含义的句子，因此可以与表示一段时间的词连用。n nI have left here for te
21、n years.n nI havent left here for ten years.n nI have received his letter for one month.n nI havent received his letter for a month.第11页/共22页现在完成进行时现在完成进行时n n基本构成基本构成基本构成基本构成：助动词：助动词have(has)+been+have(has)+been+动词的现动词的现在分词在分词n n基本用法基本用法基本用法基本用法：1)1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续
22、下去。可能还要继续下去。I have been reading this book for two hours,but I I have been reading this book for two hours,but I havenhaven t finished it.t finished it.2)2)强调动作延续时间的长久，或带感情色彩。强调动作延续时间的长久，或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.She has always been working like that.3)3)表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。表示现在以前这段时
23、间反复发生的事情。We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.第12页/共22页现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别区别n n1)1)现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。所以现在完成时中的个别延续完成时的强调形式。所以现在完成时中的个别延续性动词根据强调需求均可变为现在完成进行时但差性动词根据强调需求均可变为现在完成进行时但差别不大。别不大。I h
24、ave coughed all night.I have coughed all night.I have been coughing all night.(I have been coughing all night.(强调咳得久强调咳得久)We have lived here for ten years.We have lived here for ten years.We have been living here for ten years.We have been living here for ten years.n n2)2)在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示在不用时间状
25、语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，而现在完成时表示动作在过去已结动作仍在进行，而现在完成时表示动作在过去已结束。如：束。如：The students have been preparing for the exam.The students have been preparing for the exam.（还在进（还在进行）行）The students have prepared for the exam.The students have prepared for the exam.（已经结束）（已经结束）第13页/共22页n n3 3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的静态动词，）有些
26、表示状态，感情，感觉的静态动词，例如，例如，have,exist,last,hate,know,hear,like,have,exist,last,hate,know,hear,like,sound,own,thinksound,own,think等，不能用于现在完成进行等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。但是当这些词一时，但可用于现在完成时。但是当这些词一次多义，意义发生变化时可以用于现在完成次多义，意义发生变化时可以用于现在完成进行时。进行时。n nHearHear：听到；审理（案子）：听到；审理（案子）Have you heard about that?Have you he
27、ard about that?Which judge has been hearing this case?Which judge has been hearing this case?n nthinkthink：认为；考虑，思考：认为；考虑，思考 I have always thought youI have always thought you re right.re right.I have been thinking of doing so for a long time.I have been thinking of doing so for a long time.第14页/共22
28、页 4)4)现在完成时通常与时间状语，如现在完成时通常与时间状语，如sincesince，ever since ever since，for three monthsfor three months，justjust，already,yetalready,yet等连用。现等连用。现在完成进行时通常与在完成进行时通常与all theall the（thisthis）morningmorning afternoonafternoondayday monthmonth或或the whole daythe whole day等连用。等连用。He has already written three bo
29、oks.He has already written three books.他已经写了三本书了。他已经写了三本书了。I have been working on the experiment report this I have been working on the experiment report this morningmorning，but I havenbut I haven t completed it yett completed it yet 我今天一上午都在写实验报告，可是到现在也没我今天一上午都在写实验报告，可是到现在也没写完。写完。第15页/共22页5)在完成进行时表
30、示一种不间在完成进行时表示一种不间断的持续性行为。如果表示动断的持续性行为。如果表示动作做过的次数时，不能用现在作做过的次数时，不能用现在完成进行时。完成进行时。例如：Ive been writing letters since breakfast Ive written to him three times，but I havent heard from him up till now第16页/共22页Exercise 一一 用用sincesince，for for 填空。填空。1 I haven1 I haven t seen her _two years.t seen her _two
31、years.2 I haven2 I haven t seen her _last month.t seen her _last month.3 I haven3 I haven t seen her _two years ago.t seen her _two years ago.4 We have been good friends _we were children.4 We have been good friends _we were children.5 It is about ten years _she left the city.5 It is about ten years
32、 _she left the city.6 He has lived in Nanjing _the year before last.6 He has lived in Nanjing _the year before last.第17页/共22页二二 单项选择单项选择1-Those farmers have been to United States.1-Those farmers have been to United States.-Really?When _there?-Really?When _there?A have they been B will they go A have
33、 they been B will they go C have they gone D did they go C have they gone D did they go2 Miss Green isnt in the office.she_ to the library.2 Miss Green isnt in the office.she_ to the library.A.has gone B.went C.will go D.has been A.has gone B.went C.will go D.has been3-_you_ your homework yet?3-_you
34、_ your homework yet?-Yes,I_ it one hour ago.-Yes,I_ it one hour ago.A Did,do,finished A Did,do,finished B Have,done,finished B Have,done,finished C Have,done,have finished C Have,done,have finished D Will,do,finished D Will,do,finished 第18页/共22页 4 His father _the Party since 1987.4 His father _the P
35、arty since 1987.A joined B has joined A joined B has joined C was in D has been in C was in D has been in 5 She _a novel since last month,so she doesn 5 She _a novel since last month,so she doesn t have any t have any time to prepare for the exam.time to prepare for the exam.A has written B has been
36、 writing A has written B has been writing C wrote D was writing C wrote D was writing 6-I _ a picture.6-I _ a picture.-Really?So quickly.I _for two days,but I haven -Really?So quickly.I _for two days,but I haven t t finished yet.finished yet.A have been painting,have been painting A have been painti
37、ng,have been painting B have painted,have been painting B have painted,have been painting C paint,painted C paint,painted D painted,have painted D painted,have painted第19页/共22页7 7 Our country _ a lot so far.Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.Yes.I hope it will be even _.A.has ch
38、anged;well B.changed;good A.has changed;well B.changed;good C.has changed;better D.changed;betterC.has changed;better D.changed;better8 8Do you know him well?Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.A.were B.have been C.have become D.have made A.were B.have been C.have become D.have made第20页/共22页Thank you very much!第21页/共22页