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1、专题十非谓语动词非谓语动词1动词不定式动词不定式 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对非谓语动词的考查，主语侧重于不定式和动名词，也会涉及过去分词和现在分词。涉及题型广泛，考生需要判断与之相关联的动词的用法，有的动词与不定式搭配，有的则是动名词。还有的动词既可以和不定式搭配也可以和动名词搭配，但意思完全不同。1.1.不定式的用法不定式的用法动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化。具体用法有：(1)作主语不定式作主语时，往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正的主语的动词不定式则被后置。如：Its necessary to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语
2、很有必要。(2)作宾语动词不定式一般用在及物动词后作宾语。在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式移至形容词之后，构成“主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如：I hope to get there before dark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。I found it difficult to solve the problem.我发现解决这个问题很难。(it是形式宾语，不定式to solve the problem是真正的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语)常接动词不定式作宾语的动词常接动词不定式作宾语的动词agree同意affo
3、rd负担得起forget忘记decide决定expect预期hope/wish希望want想要learn学习manage成功begin开始prepare准备promise承诺pretend假装plan计划refuse拒绝try尽力need需要fail失败(3)作宾语补足语在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother told me to study hard.妈妈告诉我要努力学习。ask要求encourage鼓励want想要advise建议tell告诉invite邀请expect期望force强迫allow允许help帮助teach教persuade说服(4)作状
4、语常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。如：Mr.Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake.李先生将去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语)(5)作定语动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。如：There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。(6)作表语Their duty is to look after the animals.他们的职责是照看动物。2.“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构结构 动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等疑问词
5、连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。如：When to go to Beijing hasnt been decided yet.什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)I havent decided when to leave yet.我还没决定什么时候离开。(作宾语)3.动词不定式的否定形式：动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形。动词原形。如：The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。4.不带不带to的动词不定式的动词不定式(1)使役动词和感官动词后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾
6、补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的不定式必须加上to。如：We often hear her sing.我们经常听见她唱歌。后接省略to的不定式动词：五看：watch,see,observe,notice,look at三使：let,make,have二听：hear,listen to一感觉：feel(2)在would you please(你愿意吗),had better(最好),why not(为什么不),would rather(宁愿)等结构后，需用不带to的不定式。如：He said he would rather stay at home.他说他宁愿待在家里。(3)两个并列的
7、带to的不定式由and或or连接时，第二个不定式符号常常省略。如：She has learned to read and write.她已经学会了读和写。考点小练1.I didnt hear you come in just now.Thats good.I tried the baby up.A.to wake B.not to wake C.waking D.wake2.Loud music makes us .A.want dance B.want to dance C.to want dance D.to dance3.If all of us pull together,there
8、must be something we can do the environment.A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.improved4.Dont forget the book to me when you finish reading it.A.to bring B.bringing C.bring D.brought5.Li Tao is only an eight-year-old boy,but he has to do all he can money for his poor family.He really needs our hel
9、p.A.to make B.make C.making D.madeBBBAA6.We advise parents their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.A.not leave B.not to leave C.leave D.to leaveB2动名词动名词1.动名词的形式、特征动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,相当于名词。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。2.动名词的用法（1）作主语。单独作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果并列的动名词(短语)作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如：Read
10、ing in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。Reading and writing take me a lot of time.读书和写作花费了我许多时间。注意注意:在英语中动词是不能作主语的,应用动名词或动词不定式。表示泛指意义的行为时,多用动名词作主语,但表示具体的行为时,必须用动词不定式,此结构通常用it作形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式,通常放后面。如：Getting up early is good for our health.早起对我们的健康有好处。Its easy to read this book.读这本书很容易。（2）
11、作表语。）作表语。动名词(短语)作表语可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。如：His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport.他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。（3）作宾语。）作宾语。作动词宾语,多用来表示习惯性动作。如：I like playing football very much.我非常喜欢踢足球。常跟动名词作宾语的词常跟动名词作宾语的词(组组)有：有：finish doing sth.做完某事practice doing sth.练习做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某
12、事be busy doing sth.忙于做某事keep doing sth.一直做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事be used to doing sth.习惯做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事feel like doing sth.想要做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事miss doing sth.错过做某事imagine doing sth.想象做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事a
13、void doing sth.避免做某事look forward to doing sth.期待做某事作介词宾语。如：Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是用来寄信的。3.动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语,但表达的意思不同。如：(1)stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事(2)try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事(3)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)forget to
14、 do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)(4)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)(5)regret doing sth.后悔做过某事(已做)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)(6)need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义)need to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义)(7)mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算或想做某事考点小练7.My father often tells me too much time computer game
15、s.A.not to spend;play B.to spend;play C.not to cost;playing D.not to spend;playing8.Would you like shopping with us？Id love to!But Im busy my homework.A.to go;doing B.go;to do C.to go;to do D.going;do9.Martin was so busy the old that he gave up his part-time job.A.helping B.helped C.to help D.help10
16、.Please stop .Look at the sign“No smoking”.A.to smoke B.smoke C.smoking D.smokedDAACDA专题九情态动词情态动词1情态动词的基本用法情态动词的基本用法 分析近3年甘肃中考真题可以看出，情态动词主要在语法与情景对话和完形填空中考查；其基本用法和表推测的用法轮流考查，都有涉及。判断二者的方法，就是分析在句子中的意义：1.表示“能”“应该”“不能”“必须”等这些是基本用法；2.表示“一定”“可能”“也许”等这些是表示推测。1.常见情态动词用法归纳常见情态动词用法归纳情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句can(2
17、016省卷53题)表示能力,意为“能，会”。Lily can play the piano very well.莉莉钢琴弹得很好。表示请求、允许,意为“可以”,多用于口语中。Can I borrow your bike？我能借你的自行车吗？情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句couldcan的过去式,意为“能，会”,表示过去的能力。Lang Lang could play the piano well when he was young.郎朗小的时候钢琴就弹得很好。在疑问句中表示委婉的请求。Could I have a cup of tea？我可以要一杯茶吗？must意为“必须”，多表
18、示主观意愿。You must finish your homework first！首先,你必须完成你的家庭作业！should意为“应该”,表示责任和义务,也可以表示劝告或建议。We should keep the air fresh.我们应该保持空气清新。have to意为“不得不”,多表示客观需要。The children have to get up early to catch the first bus.孩子们为了赶第一趟公共汽车不得不早起。need(nt)意为“需要（不必）”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。You neednt say sorry to me.你不需要对我说对不起。had
19、 better(not)表示建议,意为“最好(不要)”。Youd better stay at home.你最好待在家里。may表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。You may sit here if you want.如果你想的话,你可以坐在这儿。表示祝福和愿望。May you be happy！祝您幸福！mightmay的过去式,意为“可以”。He asked if he might go home.他问他是否可以回家了。表示请求、许可,语气比may更委婉。Might I smoke here？我可以在这里吸烟吗？拓展：拓展：（1）由must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用must/have t
20、o；否定回答常用neednt或dont/doesnt have to，不能用mustnt回答,mustnt意为“严禁，禁止”。如：Must I go with them？我必须跟他们走吗？Yes,you must./No,you neednt/dont have to.是的,你必须。/不,你不必。（2）由may引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may；否定回答用cant/mustnt。如：May I smoke here？我可以在这儿吸烟吗？Yes,you may./No,you cant/mustnt.是的，你可以。/不,你不能。（3）could,should,would,might等有时不表示过
21、去,而是表示委婉的语气。如：Would you tell me the way to the park？你能告诉我去公园的路吗？2.易混情态动词的辨析易混情态动词的辨析can/could与与be able to的区别的区别情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句can/could只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)。Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year,but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语,但现在他会了。be able to可用于多种时态。We will be able to come back next week.我们下周能回
22、来。must与与have/has to的区别的区别情态动词情态动词 用法用法例句例句must表示主观意愿,意为“必须”。We must study hard at school.在学校我们必须努力学习。情态动词情态动词 用法用法例句例句have/has to用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”。Well have to ask Mr.Zhang.我们必须问问张老师。cant与与mustnt的区别的区别情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法例句例句cant意为“不可能”，表示否定推测。The man over there cant be Jim.He has gone abroad.那边那个人不
23、可能是吉姆。他出国了。mustnt意为“禁止,不允许”,不能用来表示推测。You mustnt play soccer on the street.你不准在街道上踢足球。考点小练1.you tell me the differences between these two photos？No.They look quite similar，nearly the same.A.Can B.May C.Must D.Should2.Must I be home before eight oclock?No,you .A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.have to3.Pleas
24、e dont make so much noise.I hear the speaker very well.A.neednt B.mustnt C.cant D.shouldnt4.You take me to the station.My brother will take me there.A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.dont have toACCD5.Look!The traffic lights have turned red.We stop our car.A.can B.cant C.must D.mustnt6.I think students k
25、eep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes.A.should B.might C.shall D.couldCA2情态动词表推测情态动词表推测1.情态动词表肯定推测情态动词表肯定推测情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法must意为“一定,肯定”。用于肯定句中,表示非常有把握的推测。may意为“有可能,也许”。用于肯定句,表示把握不大的推测。might/could(2016省卷，25题)意为“或许”。表推测,语气较弱，可能性很小。注意：注意：这几个词按照推测的可能性由大到小为：mustmaymight/could。如：They must be
26、 very tired after a long walk.走了这么长的路,他们一定很累了。The French book may be Alices.She studies French.这本法语书可能是爱丽斯的。她学法语。She might be in the library.She likes reading books in the afternoon.她可能在图书馆。她喜欢在下午的时候看书。2.情态动词表否定推测情态动词表否定推测情态动词情态动词意义及用法意义及用法cant（2017省卷25题）表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“一定不,不可能”,可能性几乎为零。may not表示否定推测
27、,语气不确定,意为“可能不”。如：Miss Gao cant be in the classroom.I just saw her in the supermarket.高老师不可能在教室,我刚刚在超市看见她了。It may not be her pen.这可能不是她的钢笔。考点小练7.When you are travelling，bring a map because it help you.A.cant B.mustnt C.used to D.may8.This pair of glasses be Tonys.Hes the only one who wears glasses in
28、 our class.A.must B.might C.cant D.have to9.My schoolbag still be in the music hall because I attended a concert yesterday.A.cant B.need C.might D.must10.Tom，dont drive too fast.You hit others cars.A.need B.may C.must D.shouldDACB11.Please call before you come,otherwise we be home.A.shouldnt B.may not C.couldnt D.neednt12.Theres an important football match today.I miss it.A.may B.cant C.must D.neednt13.Jenny finally got the job because she speak English fluently.A.might B.must C.could D.shouldBBC