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1、第一讲 名词和代词 Where there is a will,there is a way.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词1.概述概述 2.可数名词 Countable Noun 3.不可数名词 Uncountable Noun4.名词的所有格 Possessive Case 5.名词的句法功能 Syntactic Function of Noun6.需要注意的两个问题 二、代词经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额
2、为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用1.概述大 类 次 类 例 词 Proper Noun John,London,Mexico Common NounCountable Noun Individual Noun map,box,story Collective Noun people,family,committee,cattle,mankind,police Uncountable NounMaterial Noun water,metal,ice,tea Abstract Noun honesty,happiness 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受
3、到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples1.The storm has caused _ to this region.A.many damages B.much damages C.much damageD.few damages2.Our family _ not to exchange gifts this year.A.has agreedB.have agreed C.agrees D.had agreed3.In 10 years time all those youngsters will become_.A.grown-upB.grown-
4、ups C.growns-upsD.growns-up经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用4.A dozen eggs _$5 nowadays.A.has costB.costsC.costD.are cost5.Last Sunday my family went to _.A.the Childs ParkB.the Childrens Park C.the Childrens Parks D.the Childrens Park6.All the _ in hospital will get
5、a rise tomorrow.A.women-doctorsB.woman doctorsC.women doctorsD.doctors of women 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词1.概述 2.可数名词可数名词 Countable Noun3.不可数名词 Uncountable Noun4.名词的所有格 Possessive Case5.名词的句法功能 Syntactic Function of Noun6.需要注意的两个问题 二、代词经营者提供商品或者服务有欺
6、诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用2.Countable Noun个体名词 Individual Noun集合名词 Collective Noun单数 Singular Number复数 Plural NumbernRegular NounnIrregular Noun经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词1.概述 2.可数名词 Countable Noun 3.不可数名词不可数名词 Uncountable N
7、oun4.名词的所有格 Possessive Case5.名词的句法功能 Syntactic Function of Noun6.需要注意的两个问题 二、代词经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples1.I have to get _ about the subject before I write the paper.A.a few more informationsB a few more information C.a little more information D.a littl
8、e more informations 2.The sitting room would be much improved if you put _in that corner.A.a furniture B.furnitures C.A piece of furniture D.furniture of piece3.Did you have to pay _on those tapes?A.customB.customs C.a custom D.two custom4.We should keep _where children cant get them.A.medicines B.m
9、edicine C.a medicine D.medicines经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用3.Uncountable Noun What can they be modified by?Answer:1）by Unit noun 单位词 e.g.a piece(pile,heap,bag etc.)of；2）Measure Noun 度量词 e.g.kilo,ton,meter,yard etc.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消
10、费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 不可数名词的两重性n某些不可数名词表示物质或抽象的概念时是不可数的，但表示种类或具体事物时就成为可数的了。e.g.culture,society,value,idea,basis,structure,orientation etc.n部分不可数名词加-s后，意思发生变化。e.g.air,arm,custom,force,etc.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词1.概述 2.可数名词 Countable Noun3.不可数名词 Uncoun
11、table Noun4.名词的所有格名词的所有格 Possessive Case 5.名词的句法功能 Syntactic Function of Noun 6.需要注意的两个问题 二、代词经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用名词的所有格名词的所有格 Possessive Case“”+s 表示国家、城市等地方的名词，以及表示时间、距离、度量及金钱等的名词，虽是无生命的，但是也可以用以上形式，表示所有或修饰关系。e.g.a two weeks holiday,the workers library of
12、+n.e.g.the leg of the table,the works of Mark Twain 双重所属格 Double Possessive，即n.+of+n.e.g.a friend of my brothers the important theory of Einstein 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Possessive Case 名 词 所 有 格 的 绝 对 形 式 Nominal Possessive Case n用于代替前面提到过后东西，相当于一个名词性的物主代词 e
13、.g.These books are Marys.my uncles the barbers the chemistsn the Smiths(表示家，商店或其他有关人士的处所)姓氏+-s表示“全家”，e.g.the Smiths 史密斯全家经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词1.概述 2.可数名词 Countable Noun 3.不可数名词 Uncountable Noun 4.名词的所有格 Possessive Case 5.名词的句法功能名词的句法功能 Syntacti
14、c Function of Noun 6.需要注意的两个问题 二、代词经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Exercises:1.I walked too much yesterday and _ are sill aching now.A)my legs muscles B)my muscles of leg C)my leg muscles D)my muscles of the leg2.The newspaper says that the goal of _ has been reached
15、.A)the fiveyear planB)the five-year plan C)five-years planD)the five years plan 3.Its a hard job for a primary school student to write _ composition.A)a nine-thousand-wordsB)a nine-thousand words C)a nine-thousand-wordD)a nine thousand words4.Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the
16、_ movie could not hold our attention.A)three-hours B)three-hour C)three-hoursD)three-hours经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Syntactic Function 作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、介词宾语和同位语Appositive）等成份。充当状语，大多表示时间、距离、重量、价格、温度和倍数等。经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务
17、的费用Syntactic Function作定语。n 一个名词直接修饰另一个名词，表示材料、用途或内容等 e.g.a blood type,a bus driver,a color film n名词+-ed或名词、形容词、数词组成复合词再修饰或限定后边的名词，e.g.the big-eyed boy,a warm-hearted person;the fast-paced modern life;a three-week holidayn 名词作定语与其加-ed的形式作定语不同：前者表示性质，后者表示特征，e.g.a color T.V.彩电 a colored T.V.彩色的电视机经营者提供
18、商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词1.概述 2.可数名词(Countable Noun)3.不可数名词(Uncountable Noun)4.名词的所有格(Possessive Case)5.名词的句法功能(Syntactic Function of Noun)6.需要注意的两个问题需要注意的两个问题 二、代词经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用 Examples1.The newspaper
19、 didnt mention the _ of the damage caused by the fire.A)rangeB)levelC)extentD)quantity 2.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market.A)barrelsB)batteriesC)basketsD)bargains 3.Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very stro
20、ng _ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A)motivationB)perspectiveC)impressionD)impact4.Arriving home,the boy told his parents about all the _ which occurred in his dormitory.A)occasionsB)mattersC)incidentsD)issues 5.Not having a good command of English can be a serious _ pr
21、eventing you from achieving your goals.A)obstacleB)faultC)offenseD)distress经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Contents语意问题 Meaning Problem 搭配问题 Matching Problem经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples1 Students or teachers can participat
22、e in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular_.A)gapsB)rateC)lengthD)intervals2.My father seemed to be in no _ to look at my school report.A)moodB)emotionC)attitudeD)feeling3.In previous times,when fresh meat was in short _,pigeons were kept by many households as a source a food.A)s
23、toreB)provisionC)reserveD)supply4.In a time of social reform,peoples state of mind tends to keep _ with the rapid changes of society.A)stepB)progressC)paceD)touch5.I hope your _ for the job of engineer will be successful.A)appointmentB)replyC)applicationD)response经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的
24、损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Contents语意问题 Meaning Problem 搭配问题 Matching Problem经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词二、代词1.概述概述 2.人称代词 Personal Pronoun3.物主代词 Possessive Pronoun4.反身代词 Reflexive Pronoun5.指示代词 Demonstrative Pronoun6.相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun7.不定代词 I
25、ndefinite Pronoun 8.疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用PronounPersonal Pronoun主格I,you,he,she宾格me,him,herPossessive Pronoun名词性物主代词mine,yours,hers 形容词性物主代词my,your Reflexive Pronounyourself,myself,himself Demonstrative Pronounthis,that,these,those
26、 Reciprocal Pronouneach other,one another.Indefinite Pronounsome,any,someone,something Interrogative Pronounwho what which Conjunctive Pronounwhom,who,what Relative Pronounwhat,who,which 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Example1.The residents,_ had been damaged by the
27、 flood,were given help by the Red Cross.A)all their homesB)all whose homesC)all of whose homesD)all of their homes经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词二、代词1.概述 2.人称代词人称代词 Personal Pronoun3.物主代词 Possessive Pronoun4.反身代词 Reflexive Pronoun5.指示代词 Demonstrative Pro
28、noun6.相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun7.不定代词 Indefinite Pronoun8.疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Personal Pronoun 人称代词的排列顺序：第二人称+第三人称+第一人称人称代词和名词的排列顺序：名词+人称代词，（但you常位于名词前）其他代词一般排列于人称代词之后 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的
29、费用Personal Pronoun 在口语中，虽然说明主语，但是作表语的代词多数情况下用宾格 e.g.What would you do if you were him?Open the door,please.Its me.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Personal Pronounit 的用法n 作人称代词（指代事物、动物、婴儿以及未知的人或事）n 作非人称代词(表示天气、距离和时间等)n 作形式代词n 作为引导词，用于引导强调句 经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求
30、增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples1.Every man should do_duty.A.hisB.ourC.yourD.my2.Those of us who work in that chemical plant should regularly have _lungs checked.A.yourB.ourC.theirD.his3.The bike is not his.Its _.A.myB.meC.mineD.her经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的
31、价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词二、代词1.概述 2.人称代词 Personal Pronoun3.物主代词物主代词 Possessive Pronoun4.反身代词 Reflexive Pronoun5.指示代词 Demonstrative Pronoun6.相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun7.不定代词 Indefinite Pronoun8.疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Possessive Pronoun形容词性
32、物主代词属于限定词的范畴，使用时要避免人称和数的误用 e.g.The group is waiting their plane to Beijing.(应将their改为 its)名词性物主代词可作主语、宾语和表语 e.g.The book is mine.His is green.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词二、代词1.概述 2.人称代词 Personal Pronoun3.物主代词 Possessive Pronoun4.反身代词反身代词 Reflexive Pro
33、noun5.指示代词 Demonstrative Pronoun6.相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun7.不定代词 Indefinite Pronoun8.疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Reflexive Pronoun作宾语。表示动作的承受者是动作发出者本身 e.g.Take care of yourself.作同位语。对名词或代词表示强调 e.g.He was teaching himself English.作表语。e.g.I
34、 myself is a teacher.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词二、代词1.概述 2.人称代词 Personal Pronoun3.物主代词 Possessive Pronoun4.反身代词 Reflexive Pronoun5.指示代词指示代词 Demonstrative Pronoun6.相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun7.不定代词 Indefinite Pronoun8.疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun经营者提供商品或者服务
35、有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Demonstrative Pronoun this和that都可用于指代上文提到过的事情，但是若指代下文即将要叙述的事情，则只能用this，e.g.I missed a good TV show last night.This(That)is a great play.What I require of you is this.You should finish the work by tomorrow.一些习惯用法中只用that e.g.John helped me a lot an
36、d that was kind of him.He told me only part of the story and that was that.经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词二、代词1.概述 2.人称代词 Personal Pronoun3.物主代词 Possessive Pronoun4.反身代词 Reflexive Pronoun5.指示代词 Demonstrative Pronoun6.相互代词相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun7.不定代词 Ind
37、efinite Pronoun8.疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Reciprocal Pronouneach other 两者之间的相互one another 两者或两者以上的互相关系经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词二、代词1.概述 2.人称代词 Personal Pronoun3.物主代词 Possessive Prono
38、un4.反身代词 Reflexive Pronoun5.指示代词 Demonstrative Pronoun6.相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun7.不定代词不定代词 Indefinite Pronoun8.疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples1.Dont use powdered milk.Use the fresh _.A)oneB)onesC)/D)milks2.The medicine is on sale eve
39、rywhere.You can get it at _ chemists.A)eachB)someC)certainD)any3.No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _.A)the other B)any other C)anotherD)other4.This apple and that orange are your alternative choices.You can choose _ of them.A)neitherB)bothC)eitherD)none5.Th
40、e young lady didnt want _ of the two kinds and asked the shop assistant to show her_.A)all;the others B)both;the other C)neither;others D)either;another6.Both John and Smith were interested,but _ has accepted the invitation.A)either B)noneC)bothD)neither经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额
41、为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Indefinite Pronoun作形容词作名词注意的以下几组词的区别 e.g.all/both,one/it,no one/none,some/any/no/every+(thing,one,body)否定 Negation 1.部分否定 Partial Negation all,both,each,every(body,thing)等表示整体意义的代词和否定词连用时 2.全部否定 Full Negationnone,no one,neither,nobody,nothing经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，
42、增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Examples1._ in the office had a mistake and the director regretted causing the customer inconvenience.A)SomeoneB)SomeC)AnyoneD)One2.We had a party last month,and it was a lot of fun,so lets have _ one this month.A)anotherB)moreC)the otherD).other3.I have two boys but _ of t
43、hem likes sweets.A)bothB)neitherC)eitherD)none4.When he arrived,he found _ the aged and the sick at home.A)none butB)none other than C)nothing butD)no other than5.As I was just getting familiar with this job,I had _ to ask my boss.A)manyB)mostC)moreD)much6.Even those who had _ or no training in scie
44、nce might not have made their inventions if a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years before.A)littleB)muchC)someD)any经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用contents一、名词二、代词1.概述 2.人称代词 Personal Pronoun3.物主代词 Possessive Pronoun4.反身代词 Reflexive Pronoun5.指示代词 Demonstr
45、ative Pronoun6.相互代词 Reciprocal Pronoun7.不定代词 Indefinite Pronoun8.疑问代词疑问代词 Interrogative Pronoun经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Interrogative Pronoun注意几组词的区别注意几组词的区别which/what (which 一般用于有一定选择范围的情一般用于有一定选择范围的情况况)which/who (which用于指物，用于指物，who 指人指人)whatever/whichever/wh
46、oever/whomever经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用Exercises1.My teacher thinks that I am more intelligent than _ in class.A.the other studentsB.other studentsC.the studentsD.another students2.The man over there is _ our principal.A.no other thanB.no one than C.no other b
47、utD.none other than3.The roads both lead to town.You may take _.A.eitherB.neitherC.eachD.some4.He has learned English and German.Now he is going to learn _ language.A.othersB.otherC.someD.another经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用5._ patience and _ words of advice help
48、more than medicine,sometimes.A.Little,few B.A few,a little C.Some,some D.A little,a few6.A good writer is _ who can express the common-place in an uncommon way.A.thatB.oneC.thisD.which7.Arriving home,the boy told his parents about all the _ which occurred in his dormitory.A)occasionsB)mattersC)incid
49、entsD)issues 8.Not having a good command of English can be a serious _ preventing you from achieving your goals.A)obstacleB)faultC)offenseD)distress经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用9.The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the _ in which peo
50、ple communicate across time and space.A)route B)transmission C)visionD)manner10.Every culture has developed _ for certain kinds of food and drink,and equally strong negative attitudes toward others.A)preferences B)expectations C)fantasies D)fashions11.Only a few people have _ to the full facts of th