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1、环境生态学环境生态学Chapter 4Chapter 4 Ecological EnvironmentContent4.1 Biogeochemical Cycles4.2 Energy Flows4.3 Environmental ecosystem4.1 Biogeochemical cycles1.The four spheres(atmosphere,hydrosphere,lithosphere,and biosphere)are composed of matter in the gaseous,liquid,or solid states.2.Energy is what mak
2、es matter move4.1.1 Concept4.1.2 Biogeochemical Cycles These cycles of chemical elements through the atmosphere,lithosphere,hydrosphere,and biosphere are called biogeochemical cycles CH2O+O2 CO2 +H2O+energy Withdrawal of carbonCO2 +H2O+energy CH2O+O2Addition of carbon 4.2 Energy FlowsEnergy can not
3、be created or destroyed,but can be transformedWhen energy is transformed from one kind to another,it is degraded,meaning that the energy becomes less capable of doing workThe two law of thermodynamics4.2 Energy FlowsEntropy refers to the amount of low-quality energy in a system4.3 Environmental ecos
4、ystemGlobal environment in terms of three system traits:openness,integration,and complexity.Openness refers to whether a system is isolated from other systems Integration refers to the strength of the interactions among the parts of the system.Complexity is often defined as how many kinds of parts a system has.