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1、全国职称英语考试卫生类A级真题及答案资料仅供参考全国职称英语考试卫生类（A级）真题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 1-15题，每 题 1分,共 15分）下面每个句子中均有1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。1.I w ant t o prov ide my boy s w it h a decent edu cat ion.A.priv at e B.s pecial C.general D.good2.Low er t ax es w ou ld s pu r inv es t ment and help economic grow t h.A.at t
2、 ract B.encou rage C.s pend D.requ ire3.St eep s t airs can pres ent a part icu lar haz ard t o older people.A.ev idence B.cas e C.danger D.pict u re4.The project requ ired t en y ears of diligent res earch.A.s cient ific B.bas ic C.s ocial D.hardw orking5.The t w o banks hav e annou nced plans t o
3、merge nex t y ear.A.break B.clos e C.s ell D.combine6.He demolis hed my argu ment in minu t es.A.dis prov ed B.accept ed C.dis pu t ed D.s u pport ed7.Her fat her w as a qu iet man w it h gracefu l manners.A.s imilar B.polit e C.u s u al D.bad资料仅供参考8.Regu lar v is it s from a s ocial w orker can be
4、of immens e v alu e t o old people liv ing alone.A.moderat e B.equ al C.great D.immediat e9.He w as rat her v agu e abou t t he reas ons w hy he nev er finis hed s chool.A.u nclear B.bad C.bright D.general1 0.He w as kept in appalling condit ions in pris on.A.crit ical B.neces s ary C.normal D.t err
5、ible1 1.I can t pu t u p w it h my neighbor,s nois e any longer,w hich is driv ing me mad.A.generat e B.meas u re C.t olerat e D.redu ce1 2.I enjoy ed t he play-it had a clev er plot and v ery fu nny dialogu es.A.hu morou s B.boring C.long D.original1 3.You r dog needs at leas t 2 0 minu t es of v i
6、gorou s ex ercis e ev ery day.A.free B.regu lar C.phy s ical D.energet ic1 4.Ou r arrangement s w ere t hrow n int o complet e t u rmoil.A.relief B.dou bt C.confu s ion D.failu re1 5.Pat ricia s t ared at t he ot her girls w it h res ent ment.A.dou bt B.anger C.lov e D.s u rpris e第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 1622题
7、，第题1分,共 7 分）下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信资料仅供参考息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Retirement Brings Most a Big Health BoostThe self-reported health of the newlyretired improves so much that most feel eightyears younger,a new European study suggests.This happy news was true o
8、f almosteveryone except a small minority-only 2percent-who had experienced ideal conditionsin their working life,anyway.“The results really say three things:thatwork puts an extra burden on the health ofolder workers,that the effects of this extraburden are largely relieved by retirement and,finally
9、,that both the extra burden and the reliefare larger when working conditions are poor,“said Hugo Westerlundjead author of a studypublished online Nov.9 in The Lancet.This资料仅供参考indicates that there is a need to provideopportunities for older workers to decrease thedemands in their work out of concern
10、 of theirhealth and well-being.nBut of course,added Westerlund,who ishead of epidemiology at the Stress ResearchInstitute at Stockholm University in Sweden notall older workers suffer from poor perceivedhealth.Many are indeed remarkably healthyand fit for work.But sooner or later,everyonehas to slow
11、 down because of old age catching up.Last week,the same group of researchersreported that workers slept better afterretirement than before.Sleep improves atretirement,which suggests that sleeping couldbe a mediator between work and perception ofpoor health,nWesterlund said.This study looked at what
12、the same 15,000资料仅供参考French workers,most of them men,had to sayabout their own health up to seven yearspre-retirement and up to seven yearspost-retirement.As participants got closer to retirement age,their perception of their own health declined,but went up again during the first year ofretirement.T
13、hose who reported being in poorer healthdeclined from 19.2 percent in the year prior toretirement to 14.3 percent by the end of the firstyear after retiring.According to the researchers,that means post-retirement levels of poor healthfell to levels last seen eight years previously.The changes were s
14、een in both men andwomen,across different occupations,and lastedthrough the first seven years of not punching theclock.资料仅供参考Workers who felt worse before retirementand had lower working conditions reportedgreater improvements as soon as they retired,the team found.16.Most of the newly retired feel
15、youngerand healthier than before.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.Older workers are generally as fit forwork as younger workers.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned资料仅供参考18.Older workers usually get on very wellwith younger workers.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.Europe is aging faster than most otherparts
16、of the globe.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.The study analyzed the participants,perception of their own health in a certainperiod.资料仅供参考A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.The participants came from variouscountries in Europe.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.The findings of the study apply toconditions
17、all over the world.A.RightB.Wrong资料仅供参考C.Not mentioned第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 2330题，每题1 分，共 8 分）下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：第 2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1 个最佳标题；第 27-30题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1 个最佳选项。Parkinsons DiseaseI Parkinsons disease affects the way youmove.It happens when there is a problem withcertain nerve cells in
18、 the brain.Normally,thesenerve cells make an important chemical calleddopamine（多巴胺）.Dopamine sends signals tothe part of your brain that controls movements.It lets your muscles move smoothly and do whatyou want them to do.When you haveParkinsons,these nerve cells break down.Then资料仅供参考you no longer h
19、ave enough dopamine,and youhave trouble moving the way you want to.2 No one knows for sure what makes thesenerve cells break down.But scientists are doinga lot of research to look for the answer.They arestudying many possible causes,including agingand poisons in the environment.Abnormalgenes seem to
20、 lead to Parkinson*s disease insome people.But so far,there is not enoughproof to show that it is always inherited.3 Tremor（颤抖）may be the first symptomyou notice.It is one of the most common signs ofthe disease,although not everyone has it.Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg oronly on one sid
21、e of the body.It may be worsewhen you are awake but not moving the affectedarm or leg.It may get better when you move thelimb or you are asleep.In time,Parkinsonsaffects muscles all through your body,so it canlead to problems like trouble swallowing or资料仅供参考constipation（便秘）.In the laterstages of the
22、disease,a person with Parkinsons may have afixed or lank expression,trouble speaking,andother problems.Some people have a decrease inmental skills.4 At this time,there is no cure forParkinsons disease.But there are several typesof medicines that can control the symptoms andmake the disease easier to
23、 live with.You mayneed to take several medicines to get the bestresults.23.Paragraph 1.24.Paragraph 2.25.Paragraph 3.26.Paragraph 4.A.Means of Diagnosis of the Disease资料仅供参考B.Tips for Patients with the DiseaseC.Common Treatment for the DiseaseD.Definition of Parkinsons DiseaseE.Possible causes of th
24、e DiseaseF.Typical Symptoms of the Disease27.Youll find it hard to move the way youwant to.28.A lot of research is being done to findout.29.One of the most common signs ofParkinsons is t r e mor.30.A person with Parkinson*s has to learnto live with the disease.资料仅供参考A.what affects muscles all throug
25、h yourbodyB.if there isnt enough dopamine in yourbodyC.which cannot be cured yetD.which may be the first symptom younoticeE.if you have a fixed or blank expressionF.what causes Parkmson*s disease第 4 部分:阅读理解（第 31-45题，每题3分,共 45分）下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1 个最佳选项。资料仅供参考Do Patients Trust Doctors
26、Too MuchEarlier this year,the American College ofSurgeons,the national scientific and educationalorganization of surgeons conducted anationwide survey that found that the averagepatient devotes an hour or less to researchinghis or her surgery or surgeon.While prospectivepatients worry about the cost
27、s or complicationsof an operation,they don*t necessarily look forinformation that would address their concerns.In fact,more than a third of patients whohad an operation in the last five years neverreviewed the credentials of the surgeon whooperated.Patients are more likely to spend timeresearching a
28、 job change(on average,about 10hours)or a new car(8 hours)than the operationthey are about to submit to or the surgeon whowields(支配)the knife.And many patients are资料仅供参考satisfied with the answers they receive fromtheir surgeons or primary care doctors,whoeverthose individuals happen to be.I felt cur
29、ious about the survey,so I calledDr.Thomas Russell,executive director of theAmerican College of Surgeons.There is atendency for patients not to get particularlyinvolved and not to feel compelled to look intotheir surgery or surgeons。He told me.There are consequences to that kind ofblind trust.Today,
30、medicine and surgery arereally team sports.n Dr.Russell continued,nandthe patient,as the ultimate decision maker,isthe most important member of the team.Mistakes can happen,and patients have to beeducated and must understand what is going on.f fIn other words,a healthy doctor-patientrelationship doe
31、s not simply entail good bedside资料仅供参考manners and responsible office management onthe part of the doctor.It also requires thatpatients come to the relationship educated abouttheir doctors,their illnesses and their treatment.“If we are truly going to reform the healthcare system in the USJ Dr.Russell
32、said,neverybody has to participate actively andmust educate themselves.That means doctors,nurses,other health care professionals,lawyerspharmaceutical（制 药 的）companies,andinsurance companies.But most of all,it meansthe patient.nTrust is important.But as Sir FrancisBacon,who was among the first to und
33、erstandthe importance of gathering data in science,once observed,knowledge is power.31.According to the author,patients shouldspend more ti me.资料仅供参考A.researching the American College ofSurgeonsB.researching their surgery or surgeonsC.researching new carsD.researching job changes32.Nowadays patients
34、 seem to haveA.too much trust in their doctorsB.too much information about theirdoctorsC.too little faith in their doctorsD.a healthy relationship with their doctors33.Medicine and surgery are now really资料仅供参考team sports in whi ch.A.patients and doctors play equallyimportant rolesB.the patient does
35、not have an active roleto playC.doctors have the final say in almosteverythingD.the patient has the most important roleto play34.It is wrong to think that a healthydoctor-patient r e l a t i o n s h i p.A.is dependent just on the doctorB.is a goal that can be achievedC.entails any effort on the part
36、 of the资料仅供参考patientD.is what the patient truly desires35.The author does NOT believein.A.lots of scientific dataB.Francis BaconC.blind trustD.too much knowledgeA A-J*-弟一扁CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules（小结节）discovered on a lung scan are unlikely todevelop into tumors over the n
37、ext two years,资料仅供参考researchers reported on Wednesday.The findings reported in the New EnglandJournal of Medicine,could help doctors decidewhen to do more aggressive testing for lungcancer.They could also help patients avoidunnecessarily aggressive and potentiallyharmful testing when lesions（损伤）foun
38、d.Lung cancer,the biggest cancer killer in theUnited States and globally,is often notdiagnosed until it has spread.It kills 159,000people a year in the United States alone.The work is part of a larger effort todevelop guidelines to help doctors decide whatto do when such growths,often discovered bya
39、ccident,appear in a scan.High-tech（高技术的）X-rays called CTscans can detect tumors-but they see all sorts ofother blobs（模糊的一团）that are not tumors,资料仅供参考and often the only way to tell the difference is totake a biopsy（活检），a dangerous procedure.At the moment,routine lung cancerscreening is considered imp
40、ractical because ofits high cost and because too many healthypeople are called back for further testing.Good guideline could help make lungcancer screening practical,Dr.Rob vanKiaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center inRotterdam,the Netherlands,who led the newstudy,said in a telephone interview.The te
41、am looked at7,557 people at high riskfor lung cancer because they were current andformer smokers.All received multidetector（多层螺旋）CT scans that measured the size of anysuspicious-looking modules.Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm inwidth,or had growth of 4.6 mm that grew fast资料仅供参考enough to more
42、than double in volume every400 days,were sent for further testing.Of the196 people who fell into that category,70 werefound to have lung cancer,10 additional caseswere found years later.But of the 7,361 who tested negative duringscreening only 20 lung cancer cases laterdeveloped.In a second round of
43、 screening done oneyear after the first,1.8 percent were sent to thedoctor because they had a nodule that was largeor fast-growing.More than half turned out tohave lung cancer.The result means that if the screening testsays you dont have lung cancer,you probablydont,the researcher said.The chances o
44、ffinding lung cancer one and two years after anegative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in1,000 respectively,n they concluded.资料仅供参考36.The new study indicates that in case ofsmall or slow-growing lung n o d u l e s.A.you cannot be too carefulB.cancer is just matter of timeC.a biopsy is unneces
45、saryD.more aggressive testing is a must37.Which is probably NOT true of lungcancer?A.Smokers are usually considered to be athigh risk for it.B.It is the leading cause of cancer deathsaround the world.C.159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in资料仅供参考the US each year.D.It often goes unnoticed until it
46、hasspread.38.According to the passage,goodguidelines for lung cancer s c r e e n i n g.A.are a little bit too costlyB.do not exist yetC.are being implementedD.have been developed39.All the following statements are trueE X C E P T.A.a relatively small number of thevolunteers had large or fast-growing
47、 nodules资料仅供参考B.almost all those with large orfast-growing nodules were found to have lungcancerC.all the volunteers were at high risk forlung cancerD.most of the volunteers tested negativeduring screening40.In the eyes of the researchers thepercentages given in the last paragraphA.are somewhat inac
48、curateB.are pretty smallC.are rather highD.are quite unbelievable资料仅供参考第三篇The IcemanOn a September day in 1991,two Germanswere climbing the mountains between Austriaand Italy,high up on a mountain pass,theyfound the body of a man lying on the ice.At thatheight（10,499 feet,or 3,200 meters）,the ice is
49、usually permanent,but 1991 had been anespecially warm year.The mountain ice hadmelted more than usual and so the body hadcome to the surface.It was lying face downward.Theskeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition,exceptfor a wound in the head.There was still skin onthe bones and the remains of some cloth
50、es.Thehands were still holding the wooden handle ofan ax and on the feet there were very simpleleather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair ofgloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for资料仅供参考arrows.Who was this man?How and when had hedied?Everybody had a different answer to thesequestions.Some people