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1、Lessonl*六级与四级的区别：一、词-词汇量550 0。二、句出题考长句子。三、段所有句子都认识，但不知道整段的意思。But,Y et,However转折连词后面是重点，常考点。四、选项有迷惑选项，不像四级那么清晰。原文重现：原又告诉你选什么，你就应该选什么，不能凭感觉和想象。尽量少读：六级更多的对点出题，而不是对面出题。六级题型：1.主 旨 题(Sum Up/Title)一看文章每段第一句24.W hich of the following can best sum up the passage?A)Advantages and disadvantages of automation.B
2、)Labour and the effects of automation.C)Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D)Social benefits of automation.注：文章三段第一句都出现automat ion,两段出现labour,因此这两个词是重点，必然在选项中出现。Automation refers to tho introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery.It reduces the human fac
3、tors,mental and physical,in production,and is designed to make possible themanufacture of more goods with fewer workers.The development of automation in American industry has beencalled the Second Industrial Revolution”.注：refers t o 下定义Labours concuon over automation arises from uncertainty about th
4、e effects on employment,and fearsof major changes in jobs.In the main,labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change isunfruitful.Eventually,the result of automation may well be an increase in employment,since it is expectedthat vast industries will grow up around manufacturing,mainta
5、ining,and repairing automation equipment.The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distressto the workers involved.Also,union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased productionand lower costs made possible by automation should be s
6、hared by workers in the form of higher wages,moreleisure,and improved living standards.注：labour雇员To protect the inter6sts of their members in the era of automation,unions have adopted a number ofnew policies.One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans.It is emphasizedth
7、at since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment,he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problemsin jobs and job assignments.Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements,requiring tha
8、tpermanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service.Another approach is theidea of the zzimprovement factor”,which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity.Itis possible,however,that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gai
9、n a fullshare in the fruits of automation.注：union工会，和雇员有关2.词汇题找词所在句子关系转折关系。例如:六级很难，但是,找转折连词But,Y et,Howevero并列关系。例 如:A and B,问A就把B内容填进去。解释关系。用because和从句in which等联系。例如：30.“An identifying figure”(Line 2,Para.5)refers to a person.A)who serves as a model for othersB)who is always successfulC)who can be
10、depended uponD)who has been rewarded for his success(文章前四段省略)Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole,and he becomes an identifyingfigure.W e use some people as models over a wide range of situations,imitating much that they do.W elearn that they are dependable and rewa
11、rding models because imitating them leads to success.注：把握and前后是并列关系。3.细节题一直接细节、因果推理、暗示例如：31.It is implied that fifty years ago .A)eighty percent of American working people were employed in factoriesB)twenty percent of American intellectuals were employeesC)the percentage of intellectuals in the tota
12、l work force was almost the same as that of industrial workersD)the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers34.According to the writer,professional knowledge or skill is .A)less important than awareness of being a good employeeB)as important as
13、the ability to deal with public relationsC)more important than employer-employee relationsD)as important as the ability to co-operate with others in the organizationOurs has become a society of employees.A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americansat work was employed,i.e.,worked f
14、or somebody else.Today only one out of five is not employed butworking for himself.And when fifly years ago being employed meanl working as a factory labourer oras a farmhand,the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formaleducalion,holding a professional or mana
15、gemenl job requiring intellectual and technical skills.Indeed,two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years:middle-class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that theindustrial worker,that oldest child
16、 of the Industrial Revolution,has been losing in numerical importancedespite the expansion of industrial production.Y et you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee.Y ou can find a greatdeal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion.Y ou can al
17、so find a good dealof work in a chosen field,whether it be the mechanist s trade or bookkeeping(簿记).Every one of thesetrades requires different skills,sets different standards,and requires a different preparation.Y etthey all have employeeship in common.And increasingly,especially in the large busin
18、ess or in governmont,employeeship is more important lo success than ihe special professional knowledge or skill.Certainlymore people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do notadequately possess the skills of their trade;the higher you climb the ladde
19、r,the more you get intoadministrative or executive work,the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organizationrather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.4.作 者 态 度 题(attitude)正负态度凡是文章探讨新事物正态度凡是文章探讨老事物负态度例外：中立题25.The writers attitude towards the use of the telephone is.A
20、)affectionateB)disapprovingC)approvingD)neutralLesson2 例子：例子必出题。文章有论点-论据-论证，例子是论证，用来支持论点，所以简而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后论点极其重要。例子开始的标志：for example,后面跟着大写、时间、年代，依然是举例内容。例子含义的标志：show,tell,prove,demonstrate,find,clearlyPage72In the United States,the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly contr
21、oversial andsharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973.The acl,designed toprotect species，living areas,and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests.In the 1990 s,for example,the woodcutters in the W estern United States were challen
22、ged legally in theirattempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains.The challenge was mounted to protect the endangeredspotted owl(猫头鹰)，whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact,ancientforest for survival.The problematic situation set the interests of environ
23、mentalists against those ofcorporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs.After months of debate and legal battles,thefate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.注：L controversial的意思是受争议的，同sharply political issue”,contro表示“反”2.for example前句子是重点3.problematic悬而未决的Simil
24、ar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations.Many people in industrializednations,for example,believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect theirrain forests and other natural areas.But the developing countries may be impoverished(使穷困)，withpopula
25、tions growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty andstarvation.注：1.tension张力,冲突2.看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样。3.But转折是重点Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have Ihe potential to rob the planet of itsbiological richness.The destruction of Eart
26、h，s ozone layer(臭氧层)，for example,could contribute tothe general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals.And globalwarming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates.Clearly,protecting willcome only through coordinated international
27、efforts to control human population,stabilize the compositionof ihe alniosphere,and preserve inlacl Earths complex web life.36.W hy does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversialissue?A)Because people cant agree as to what species to protect.B)Because it is d
28、ifficult to find an effective way to protect such species.C)Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.D)Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.注：细节题。第一段economic interests 表示绝对的词一出现在文章中，是非常重要的出题点；如果出现在选项中，很可能是不对的。全 无:non-nothing-never-seldom-absolutely
29、-hardly-little-few-prevent-exclude-neither。nor全有:all-every-full-either.唯一：only-exactly-best-most37.According to the passage,the preservation of rain forests.A)may hamper a developing country in its fight against poverty.B)benefits developed countries rather than developing countries.C)should take pr
30、iority over the control of human population.D)will help improve the living conditions in developing countries.注：细节题，对应文章第二段。举例前那句话更重要，只要表达出“和经济利益冲突”就对了。38.According to the passage,cutting tress to grow more food.A)will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries.B)is but a short
31、-term relief to the food problem.C)can hardly alleviate the shortage of food.D)proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations.注：对应文章第二段。Short-term对应temporarily,relief对应avoid。39.AmongMhumanity，s current problems”(Line 6,Para.3),the chief concern of the scientistsis.A)the impoverishment of
32、 developing countries.B)the explosion of the human population.C)the reduction of biological diversity.D)the effect of global warming.注：第三段。C选项中reduction对应rob,diversity对应richness。40.The author，s purpose in writing this passage is.A)to describe the difficulties in solving humanity，s current problems.B
33、)to present the different views on humanitys current problems.C)to analyze the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanity，s currentproblems.D)to point out that humanitys current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations.注：看最后句话，cooperation of nations 对应coordinated
34、international efforts0Page80We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety,but stress seems to affect the immune defensesof lower animals too.In one experiment,for example,behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslger,at the University of Denver,gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats.Hal
35、f the animals could switch off thecurrent by turning a wheel in their enclosure,while the other half could mot.The rats in the two groupswere paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partnerfrom the shock.Laudenslager found that the immune response
36、was depressed below normal in the helplessrats but not in those that could turn off the electricity.What he has demonstrated,he believes,is thatlack of control over an event,not the experience itself,is what weakens the immune system.注：L vulnerable易受伤害的2.immune defense 免疫系统3.found之后是试验告诉我们的观点4.depre
37、ss压抑，de往下Other researchers agree.Jay Weiss,a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine,has shown thatanimals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don，t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brainchemistry typical of stressed rats.But if the animals are confronted with situations
38、 they have no controlover,they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control.Such findings reinforcepsychologists,suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmfulfactors in depression.注：1.看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同。2.passive被动的21.LaudenslagerJ
39、s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricityA)was strengthenedB)was not affectedC)was alteredD)was weakened注：定位文章第一段found之后 LessonS*22.According to the passage,the experience of helplessness causes rats to _ _ _ _ _ _.A)try to control unpleasant stimuli
40、B)turn off the electricityC)become abnormally suspiciousD)behave passively in controllable situations注：定位第二段But之后那句话23.The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that .A)they disliked its tasteB)it affected their immune systemsC)it led to stomach painsD)they associated it with
41、 stomachaches22.The first paragraph is mainly about.(A)the teenagers，criticism of their parents(B)misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents(C)the dominance of the parents over their children(D)the teenagers ability to deal with crises注：段落主旨，B和C只说了一部分。It is natural for young people to be
42、critical of their parents at times and to blame them for mostof the misunderstandings between them.They have always complained,more or less justly,that their parentsare out of touch with modern ways;that they are possessive and dominant that they do not trust theirchildren to deal with crises;that t
43、hey talk too much about certain problems and that they have no senseof humour,at least in parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimatetheir teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.Y oung people often irritatetheir parents with their choi
44、ces in clothes and hairstyles,in entertainers and music.This is not theirmotive.They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted.So they createa culture and society of their own.Then,if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabularyor clothes or hairstyl
45、es irritate their parents,this gives them additional enjoyment.They feel theyare superior,at least in a small way,and that they are leaders in style and taste.注：1.critical吹毛求疵的,很重要的40.The main idea of this passage is that.(A)attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities(B
46、)better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life(C)the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago(D)priority must be given to the development of obligatory activitiesG reenspace facilities are contributing to an im
47、portant extent to the quality of tho urban envirovmoot.Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to startwith the proof of this idea.At present,it is generally accepted,although more as a self-evident statementthan on the base of a closely-reasoned
48、 scientific proof.The recognition of the importance of greenspacesin the urban environment is a first step on the right way,this does not mean,however,that sufficientdetails are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitantsare using these spaces.As to th
49、is rather complex subject I shall,within the scope of this lecture,enterinto one aspect only,namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.注：G F对城乡环境有重要的贡献。The theoretical separation of living,working,traffic and recreation which for many years has beenused in town-and-country planning,has
50、 in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for formsof recreation far from home,whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreativepossibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home.W e have come to the conclusion that this is notright,because an important part