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1、第2讲 介 词 前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1.(2021 全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted asa travel concept until/till the late 1980s.Duringthat time,increasing environmental awarenessmade it desirable.2.(2021 全国甲卷)The Xian City Wall is themost complete city wall that has survived Chinaslong history.It was built ori
2、ginally to protect thecity in the Tang Dynasty and has now beencompletely restored(修复).3.(2020-全国卷 H)Oranges:Orange trees aremore than decoration;they are a symbol of goodfortune and wealth.4.(2020全国卷HI)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist on earth,MotherNature.1.考查介词的基本用法;2.考查固定
3、搭配中的介词。核心语法精讲考点一常考介词的用法 题组试做单句语法填空1.Students at a primary school in Hangzhou had their first class on March 1st onmovable type.2.Pemberton decided to sell it as a drink rather than a medicine.要点解读1.表示时间的介词介词用法at表示时间的点、时刻等。at 6:00 oclock在6点钟;at daybreak在黎明on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语
4、修饰)。on Monday afternoon在周一下午;on a rainy day morning 在一个雨天的上午in表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century在20世纪;inwinter 在冬季;in September 在 9 月;in the morning 在上午since+时间点自从以来for+时间段长达during在期间until/till直到by到为止;不迟于in/after+时间段在之后。in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用before在之前over在期间;直到结束Jane is in a hurry because th
5、e train to the aiiport leaves in half an hour.简很着急,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。In Britain,its not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国,早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。易错提醒1.当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。2.“on/upon+名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一.就.”。2.表示方位的介词The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the littl
6、e stream.介词用法at后常接相对较小的地方in后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内on表 示“在.上”(反义词beneath)across表 示“从的表面穿过;在对面”through表 示“从的内部穿过”over表 示“从的上面跨过(反义词under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年 龄 等“超过,多于,大 于 (反义词below)狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the wholeroom.阳光透过天窗,照亮了
7、整个房间。3.表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in,on都 意 为 用 。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官;b y侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;in指使用某种语言、笔墨等;o n多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车;on the radio通过收音机;on TV通过电视;with a pencil用铅笔4.表 示“除之外”的介词(短语)介词(短语)用 法besides意 为 除.之外(还有),相当于in addition toexcept意 为“除之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语but意 为“除.之 外 (=except)apa
8、rt from既可相当于besides或in addition to,也可相当于except forother than意 为“除之外(别无)”Apart from good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditionalFujian dishes.除了优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。易错提醒1.but 常用于 nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,everyone,all之后;作为连词,后接不定式时,如果前有实义动词d o,则不定式中的to省略。2.besides还可
9、作副词,意为“另外,而且”,在句中常作插入语。3.except还可用作连词,后接从句。5.表示原因的介词(短语)for,because of,due to,thanks to,owing to on account of,as a result ofThe open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owing to bad weather,the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。易错提
10、醒上述短语都可作状语,due to还可作表语。thanks t o表示“多亏,幸亏”,多位于句首。6.其他常考的介词介词用法against违背,反对;倚靠;以为背景,衬托beyond(范围、限度)超出,为所不能及by程度或增减的幅度;按计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;从来看;赞成,支持with和在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在内without没有off(表不位置)在 的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从离开She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off
11、the road.她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力。考点二常考介词短语及搭配 题组试做单句语法填空1.I got a place next to the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.2.Start with single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs.3.Do you want to keep up
12、with the latest research and discoveries in science?要点解读高考中的语法填空将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查,介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有:1.与名词的搭配at a time每次,一 次at a loss困惑,不知所措at first sight 乍一看 at table 在吃饭by mistake错误地 by the way顺便说in charge主管,看 管in return作为回报in turn依次;转 而in shape健康状况良好in trouble处 于 困 境 中on
13、purpose故意地on holiday在 度 假in time及时,迟早on time 准时 on average 平均in honour of为向.表示敬意in place of 代替in memory of 为了 纪念.in addition to 除了by hand 手工 on the contrary 与此相反on account of 由于 on behalf of 代表approach to.的方法 visit to到.的访问for the sake of 为 了 by means of 借助the reason for.的原因 lack of 缺乏.by accident/ch
14、ance 偶然beyond one,s reach 够不着in advance在前头,事先,预先in the long run从长远来看beyond description 无法形容out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡to ones sui-prise/astonishment 令某人惊奇/吃惊的是under construction/consideration 在建设/考虑at the cost o f 以.为代价in support/favor of 支持,支援in terms/view of 鉴于,根据for the purpose of 为了.目的for t
15、he benefit of 为了.的利益on the way to在去.的路上on the basis of 以.为基础2.与动词的搭配answer for 对.负责 apply for 申请call a t拜访(地点)refer to 谈到;涉及;查阅result from 由于 suffer from 遭受approve of 赞成 complain of 抱怨consist of 由.组成 dream of 梦到think o f 想起;考 虑 到 call o n 拜访(某人)depend/rely on 依靠 result in/lead to 导致belong to 属于 date
16、 from/back to 追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做.protect.from 保护.不受伤害succeed in 在.方面成功3.与形容词的搭配be aware of 意识到 be proud of 以.为荣be tired of 厌倦be angry with sb.对.生气be eager for 渴望 be absent from 缺席be ashamed of对.感到羞耻be sure o f对.有信心;确信be familiar with sth.熟悉.be familiar to sb.为.所熟悉be patient
17、 with 对.有耐心be pleased/satisfied with 对.满意be popular with sb.受.欢迎be strict with sb.对.严格be addicted to 对.上瘾;沉溺于be available to 对.可用;可供.使用be beneficial to 对.有益处be devoted to 致力于,献身于be similar to 与.相似be confident in 对.有信心be anxious about/for 忧虑,担心be crazy about 热衷;着迷be curious about 对.好奇be particular ab
18、out 挑剔be suitable for/to 适合于4.其他搭配far from 远非 once in a while 偶尔up to 达到;由.决 定 in spite o f 尽管;虽然after a ll毕竟,终究ahead of(时间,空间)在.前面;领先5.易错搭配with the help of在.的帮助下under the leadership of 在.的领导下the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章a hole in the wall 墙上的洞a bird in the tree 树上的鸟apples on the tree树上的苹果tickets for the concert 音乐会的票in the direction of 朝着.的方向set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样【技法点拨】在语法填空中:1.“是否宾语”作依据介词必须要接宾语,宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语,则空格处要考虑填介词。2.“四种方法”来确定所填介词(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法;(3)根据特殊的结构关系,如接复合宾语就只能用with或 without;(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。