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1、领航2022年高考一轮复习（语法专练）专题12特殊句式（倒装、强调和省略等）一、考向分析特殊句式包括倒装、感叹句、祈使句、强调和省略等，在高考试题中只是偶尔会考查一次。虽然特殊句式不是高考的重点考点，但是仍然需要灵活掌握，而且掌握好特殊句式还有助于写作能力的提升。考点0 1 感叹句与祈使句【单句填空】Lit could be anything-gardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,（make）sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry a
2、bout.【答案】m a k e 考查祈使句。但是无论是什么事，确保它是消除日常压力的事情而不是另一件让人担心的事情。2.a strange plant!Ive never seen it before.【答案】W h a t根据感叹句的句式“What+a/an+形容词+名词（+主语+谓语）!”可知空格处填Whato【单句改错】3.My dear friends,dont afraid of problems,but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves,dont 后加 be【答案】donft 后加b e 句意:我亲爱的朋友们，不
3、要害怕问题,而要充分利用它们使我们自己成为最佳。“don*afraid of problems”为祈使句的否定形式，形容词afraid前需加上系动词be。（一）感叹句l.What（+a/an）+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！2.How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！What a clever boy he is!=How clever a boy he is!多聪明的男孩儿呀！What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花呀！What sweet water ilis!多么甜的水呀！How high the moun
4、tain is!这山真高呀!How fast he runs!他跑得真快呀！4.省略形式的感叹句(l)how直接修饰谓语动词:How+主语+谓语！How(much)we love our motherland!我们多么热爱我们的祖国呀！(2)省略主语和谓语How wonderful(it is)!真棒！5.其他形式的感叹句How can you be so silly!你怎么这么傻！The design and the colours!多美的图案和色彩！To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然要把那样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁！(二)祈使句1
5、.祈使句表命令、建议、请求、警告、禁止、劝告等。其常见形式有三种：(1)动词原形(+宾语+其他成分)。Please have a seat here.请这边坐。Make sure that you turn off die lights before leaving.离开前一定要关灯。(2)Be+表语。Be a good boy!要做一个好男孩！(3)Let+宾语+宾补。Let me help you.让我来帮你。但 Lets与 Let us表达的意思不同。Lets have a rest.让我们休息一下吧。(表示号召或建议,其中的“我们”包括说话者和对方)Let us have a rest
6、.您让我们休息一下吧。(表示请求,其中的“我们”不包括对方)2.常见的祈使句否定式有四种：(l)Don*t或 Never+动词原形。Dont be so sure.别那么有把握。Never come late.千万别迟到。Dont be late for school!上学不要迟到！Let+宾语+not+动词原形。Lets not walk any further.我们别再往前走了。Lets not forget it.我6 可不育官忘了它。(3)Don,t+let+宾语+动词原形。Dont let him go.别让他走。(4)No+名词或动名词。No smoking!禁止吸烟！3.祈使句的
7、强调式Do drive slowly,开车千万要慢些。Do someone help him quickly.务必有人赶快帮他的忙。Do everyone sit down.大家务必坐下。考点0 2省略【单句填空】l.If(accept)for the job,youll be informed soon.【答案】accepted句意:如果这个工作你被录取，你将很快被通知。本题考查状语从句的省略。完整的句子为：If you are accepted for the job,youll be informed soon.。2.Video games can be a poor influence
8、 i f(l e a v e)in the wrong hands.【答案】l e f t 句意:电子游戏如果落入不对的人的手里就可能有坏的影响。这里考查了leave作及物动词的用法，可以理解为if(the video games are)left in the wrong hands,主句和从句的主语相同，省略从句中的主语和be动词.3,The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,ever,reaching 30 in summer.【答案】i f 句意:这里的气候很宜人,夏天的气温极少达到30摄氏度。本题考查状语从句的
9、省略。当从句中的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词b e 时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。if ever与 rarely连用，意为“极少【单句改错】4,When taken exams,we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents andteachers pleased.takentaking【答案】tak en-tak in g句意:当我们参加考试时，为了取得好成绩来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为:When we are taking exams,wesomet
10、imes cheat in order to get good re-sults to make our parents and teachers pleased.,时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词省略，故将taken改为 taking。（一）状语从句中的省略现象当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中可出现如下结构：1.时间状语从句中常见的省略现象Dont speak until spoken to.有人对你说话时你再说。While in Beijing,!paid a visit
11、to the Summer Palace.在北京时，我参观了颐和园。He often makes mistakes when speaking English.说英语时他经常出错。She always sings while doing her work.她干活时总是唱歌。2.条件状语从句中常见的省略现象Come tomorrow if possible.如果可能的话，就明天来吧。If so,you must go back and get it.如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。Ill buy a TV set if necessary.如有必要,我就买一台电视机。The girl neve
12、r gave in unless wrong.这个女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。Unless repaired,the machine is of no use.如果不被修理，这台机器便毫无用处。3.方式状语从句中常见的省略现象She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though(she was)angry.这位女教师默默地离开教室，好像生气了。The inspector looked round,as i
13、f(he was)in search of something.这位稽查员四处看了看，好像在寻找什么。4.其他状语从句中的省略现象Though cold,he still wore a shirt.天气虽然冷，但他仍然穿一件衬衫。Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.在空白处需要的地方填上冠词。另外，还可以用so或 not代替上文内容，此时可用“ifso/not”省略句式。Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont get up early),you will miss the first bu
14、s.明天得早起。如果不早起,你就赶不上首班车。He may not be at home then.If so(=If he is not at home),leave him a note.那时他可能不在家。如果他不在家的话，给他留个便条。(二)定语从句中的省略现象限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom常可以省略;当先行词是time(次数),reason,place时,关系词that和 why,where也可以省去。This is the first time(thal)Ive acted on the stage.这是我第一次登台演出。考点0 3 倒装(一)完全倒装
15、【单句填空】1 .Now,just in front of the house_(stand)a tall tree with a history of 100 years.【答案】sta n d s句意:现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时,后面的主语、谓语部分需用完全倒装形式;根据时间状语 Now可推知设空处需用一般现在时;本句主语为第三人称单数，故填stands。2.Among the crises that face h u m a n s（be）the lack of natural resources.【答案】i s 该句
16、为倒装句式,主语为“the lack of natural resources”,而该句描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。故空格处填is。【单句改错】3John opened the door and there stand a girl he had never seen before.standstood【答案】stand-stood there位于句首，且主语不是人称代词时，句子应用完全倒装形式，结合语境可知,stand错误，应用一般过去时态，故 stand改为stoodo完全倒装（Full Inversion）谓语部分完全放在主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。1.副词、介词短语类：表示地
17、点的副词here,there置于句首,且主语是名词（不是代词），需用完全倒装淇形式为:There/Here+谓语+主语。常用于此句型的谓语动词为be,go,come,exist,follow,remain,lie 等，时态要用一般现在时。There goes the last bus.末班公共汽车开走了。Here is the money I promised you.这是我答应给你的钱。There goes the bell for break.下课铃响 了。Here you are.给你。（代词作主语，不倒装）表示时间的副词（如:now,then等）、方向的副词（如:out,in,up,d
18、own,away等）及表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词（不是代词），需用完全倒装,其形式为:副词或介词短语+谓语+主语。常用于此句型的谓语动词为come,fall,follow,exist,lie,go,remain,run等，时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。Now comes your turn!现在该你了！Up went the arrow into the air.箭直射向空中。Under the table sleeps a white cat.在桌子下面睡着一只白色的猫。Behind the counter he stood.他站在柜台后面。（代词作主语，不倒装）2.表语类：为
19、了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分等,将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such置于句首时,需用完全倒装，其形式为:形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语/such+be+主语。Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野长满了野花。Seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐的是一群年轻人。Inside the parcel was a letter.包裹里有封信。Such were his words
20、.(=Such was what he said.)这就是他说的话。(二)部分倒装【单句填空】l.Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-re-lated activities in therural areas.【答案】d i d 句意:直到近期，他们才开始鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。noi until位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装结构，此处指过去所发生的动作，需用一般过去时，故答案为dido2.Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that
21、she had left the contract at home.【答案】d i d 句意:直到莉莉走进办公室她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。“only+状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装形式。根据题干中的had left可以推断出设空处应该用一般过去时，故填did。3.by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the pa-tients be treated properly inthis hospital.【答案】O n ly 句意:只有将医生的人数增加50%,病人才能在这家医院得到恰当的治疗。“only+状语”置于句首
22、时，句子要部分倒装。其正常语序是:The patients can be treated properlyin this hospital only by in-creasing the number of doctors by 50 percent.4.So buried(be)she in doing her homework that she didn*t notice it got dark outside.【答案】w a s 句意:她如此全神贯注做她的家庭作业,以至于她都没注意到外面天已经黑了。so.that.句型中，将 so 置于句首,后面的主谓语需部分倒装;根据题中的didnt可
23、知设空处需用一般过去时，故答案为waso【单句改错】5.The headmaster will not permit the change in the course;nor does he evengive it a thought.doeswill【答案】does w ill否定副词neither,nevenseldom等放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。分号前使用了 一般将来时，根据语境,分号之Q也应用一般将来时。部分倒装(Partial Inversion)把 be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有下面几种：l.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放
24、在句首时。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。使用特点：在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”构成倒装句。(X)Only after the war learned he the sad news.(d)Only after the war did he learn the sad news.只是在战后他才得知那个不幸的消息。(2)only修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装，主句倒装。(X)Only when did he return we found out the truth.(d)Only
25、 when he returned did we find out the truth.只是当他回来的时候，我们才查明了真相。(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。(X)Only can he answer the question.(V)Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。2.否定词 never,nor,not,hardlyjittle,seldom,scarcely,rarely 及表否定意义的介词短语 at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,onno con
26、dition等置于句首时。Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。Not a single mistake did he make.=He didnt make a single mistake.他一个错误也没犯。Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.=I hardly think it possible to finish thework be
27、fore dark.我认为在天黑之前完成这项工作几乎是不可能的。3.六个重要的固定句型：（ITso+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为”.也是如此“。They love having lots of friendsjso do those with disabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。使用特点：此句型也可写成“it is/was the same with.”或 so it is/waswith.”。They love having lots of friends;如果仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和（此时的so=indeed）,那么，句子不可使用倒装。试比较
28、：A:I was afraid.（I 指的是 A）B:So was 1.（1 指的是 B。此句意为:I was afraid,too.）A:我害怕。B:我也是。A:I was afraid.（I 指的是 A）B:So you were.（you 指的也是 A。此句意为:Indeed you were afraid.）A:我害怕。B:你就是这样。（2）U ineither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为”.也不，Lily cant ride a bicycle;neither/nor can Lucy.莉莉不会骑自行车,露西也不会。使用特点：此句型也可写成it is/was th
29、e same with.或so it is/waswith.”。Lily cant ride a bicycle;此句型中的neither7no r不可用so.not替代,但可用not.either改写。（X）I have never been abroad.So hasnt he.（d）I have never been abroad.Neither/Nor has he.(A/)I have never been abroad.He has never/not been abroad,either.我没出过国。他也没有。I it isthe same withthose withdisab
30、ilities.so it is withthose withdisabilities.(3)So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。Such an interesting book does he have that we all want to read it.他有一本如此有趣的书，以至于我们都想读。使用特点：在这个句型中,so/such后面的句子要倒装，而 th at引导的从句不倒装。(4)N either.nor.意为”.不.,.也
31、不.”。Neither do I know it;nor do I care about it.我不知道这件事，也不关心。使用特点：由于neither和 n o r都是否定词，所以它们后面的句子均需倒装。(5)Not only.but also意为”不仅.而且.Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供药物治疗。使用特点：此句型也可写成Not
32、only.but.或 Not only.but.as w ell的形式，但 but(also)连接的句子必须用正常语序。(6)Not until意为 直到.才.Not until 4:00 in the morning could he fall asleep.直至U 早晨 4 点他才睡着。Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。但是:Not until did he return we had supper.(X)使用特点：not until引导的是从句时，从句的主谓不可倒装,只是主句需要倒装。(三)其他倒装【单句填空】如此以
33、至于 So+./v.that.让 isthe same withLucy.Such+(a/an+)M/.+.that.so it is withLucy.l.One has reason to believe that China*s anti-corruption over the past few years,tough itis,has achieved inspiring progress.【答案】as/though句意:一个人有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就,虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了形式倒装。2.Try she might
34、,Sue couldnt get the door open.【答案】as/though as/though引导让步状语从句时从句采用倒装语序(though位于句首时,从句是否倒装均可)，即把表语、状语或动词放在句首，故空格处填as/though。as和 though引导让步状语从句时的倒装表语的倒装Tired as/though he was,he still went on with his work.尽管很累，他还是继续工作。Strange as/though it seems,it is true.尽管看上去奇怪，这事却是真的。Exhausted as/though she was,s
35、he wasnt able to sleep.尽管已经筋疲力尽,但她还是睡不着觉。注意:如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，前置时要省略冠词。(2)谓语动词的倒装Try as he might,he didnt pass the exam.尽管他可能努力了，但考试还是没有通过。Search as they would here and there,they could find nothing in the room.尽管他们到处寻找，但在房间里找不到任何东西。状语的倒装Much as he likes the bike,he doesnt want to buy it.他虽然很喜欢那辆自行
36、车，但并不想买它。Hard as I studied,!could not catch up with them.我虽然努力学习，但赶不上他们。温馨提示:though引导让步状语从句位于句首时，从句是否倒装均可，而 although引导的让步状语从句不倒装。考点0 4强调句型【单句填空】You are waiting at a wrong place.lt is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.【答案】t h a t 句意:你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客的。考查强调句型。被强调部分为at the holel,故设空处填Ihat。（一）强调
37、句型的基本用法1.基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他.（被强调的对象可以是一个词、短语,也可以是从句）It was because of the bad weather that the football match had to be put off.由于糟糕的天气，足球赛不得不推迟举行。2.一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他？Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在小船沉没一个月后在一个孤岛上获救的吗？3.
38、特殊疑问句:What/Who/How/When etc.+is/was+it+that+其他？Who was it that phoned just now?刚才打电话的究竟是谁？4.not.until 的强调句型:It is/was+not until+词/短语/从句+that+其他.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫于1750年去世，但直到19世纪早期，他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。5.复合句的强调句型:It is/
39、was+主语从句/状语从句+that+其他.It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.（被强调的是when引导的时间状语从句）当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。6.当强调句型强调人时that和 who均可使用，但是对人以外的内容强调时只能使用that。It was David that was late for class yesterday.（被强调的是人,that 也可换为 who）是戴维昨天上课迟到了。7.如对主语进行强调时,that/who之后的谓语动
40、词的数应该与被强调的部分保持一致。It is that student who speaks English best in the class.（who 之后的谓语 speaks 与 student 保持一致）是那个学生在班上英语说得最好。（二）强调句型与其他相似句型的区别1.强调句型与It is/was+时间+when.句型在“It is/was+时间+when 句型”中,i t 指时间,when引导的是时间状语从句。注意两种句型中“时间”表达方式的不同。试比较：It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天午夜我回到了家里。It
41、was midnight when I got back home yesterday.昨天当我回到家里时，已经是午夜了。句是强调句型,被强调的是时间状语at midnight;而句是一般句型,时间以名词的方式表达,用来作表语。2.强调句型与It is/has been+时间段+since 句型It is/has been.since 表示 自从.以来已有.（时间）两个句型中的时态一般不同。试比较：It was two years ago that I began to learn English.我是在两年前开始学英语的。It is/has been two years since I be
42、gan to learn English.我学英语两年了。句为强调句型,it后的be动词常用一般现在时和一般过去时;而句表示“从过去到现在已有多长时间”,it后的be动词用一般现在时或现在完成时。3.强调句型与It was/will be+时间段+before 句型It was/will be+时间段+before.句型可有以下几个句式：It wasnt/wont be long before不久以后就会.了/用不了多久就会It was two years/days before.过了两年/两天才It was not two years/days before.不到两年/两天就It will be Iwo years/days before.还得两年/两天才.It will not be two years/days before.用不了两年/两天就会试比较：It was two years before he came back from abroad.It was two years later that he came back from abroad.句为一般句型，句为强调句型。同样表示“他两年以后回的国注意强调句型中时间状语的表达方式。