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1、2022年安徽职称英语考试真题卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总 分 100分，60分及格。）单 位：姓 名：考 号：题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意）1.T he p r ice is （s omewhat）higher t han I ex p ect ed.A.to some degreeB.at some timeC.in some casesD.for some reason2.Food M any Amer icans har bou r a gr os s ly dis t or
2、t ed and ex agger at edv iew of mos t of t he r is ks s u r r ou nding food.Fer gu s Cly des dale,head oft he dep ar t ment of food s cience and nu t r it ion at t he u niv er s it y ofM as s achu s et t s Amher s t,s ay s bIu nt Iy t hat if t he danger s fr om bact er ial lycont aminat ed chicken w
3、er e as gr eat as s ome p eop Ie be I iev e.T he s t r eet swou ld be I it t er ed wit h p eop I e ly ing her e and t her e.n T hou gh t he p u b I icincr eas ingly demands no-r is k food,t her e is no s u ch t hing.Br u ce Amesfchair man of t he biochemis t r y dep ar t ment at t he U niv er s it y
4、 of Cal ifor nia,Ber keley,p oint s ou t t hat u p t o 10%of a p lant s weight is made u p ofnat u r al p es t ic ides （杀虫剂）.Say s he;Since p I ant s do not hav e jaws ort eet h t o p r ot ect t hems eIv es,t hey emp Ioy chemi caI war far e.And manynat u r ally p r odu ced chemicals,t hou gh occu r
5、r ing in t iny amou nt s,p r ov ein labor at or y t es t s t o be s t r ong car cinogens a s u bs t ance which can cau s ecancer.M u s hr ooms （蘑菇）might be banned if t hey wer e ju dged by t he s ames t andar ds t hat ap p Iy t o food addi t i v es （添加剂）.Dec lar es Chr i s t i na St ar k,a nu t r it
6、 ionis t at Cor nel I U niv er s it y:W e v e got far wor s t nat u r alchemicals in t he food s u p p ly t han any t hing man-made.w Yet t he is s u esar e not t hat s imp le.W hile Amer icans hav e no r eas on t o t he t er r ified t os i t down at t he d i nner t ab I e,t hey hav e ev er y r eas
7、on t o demand s i gn i f i cantimp r ov ement s in food and wat er s afet y.T hey u ncons c i ou s I y and u nw i 11 i ng I yt ake i n t oo mu ch of t oo many danger ou s chemi ca Is.If food a I r eady cont a i nsnat u r al car cinogens,it does not make mu ch s ens e t o add doz ens of newman-made o
8、nes.T hou gh mos t p eop Ie wi11 wit hs t and t he s malI amou nt s ofcont aminant s gener al ly fou nd in food and wat er,at I eas t a few i nd i v i du a I swi 11 p r obably get cancer one day becau s e of what t hey eat and dr ink.T omake good food and wat er s u p p lies ev en bet t er,t he Gov
9、er nment needs t ot ight en it s r egu lat or y s t andar ds,s t iffen it s ins p ect ion p r ogr am ands t r engt hen it s enfor cement p olicies.T he food i ndu s t r y s hou I d mod i f y s omeIong-accep t ed p r act ices or t u r n t o les s haz ar dou s alt er nat iv es.Per hap smos t imp or t
10、ant,cons u mer s wi11 hav e t o do a bet t er job of lear ning howt o handle and cook food p r op er ly.T he p r oblems t hat need t o be t ack Iedex i s t a I I along t he f ood-s u p p I y chain,fr om fields t o p r oces s ing p lant st o kit chens.T he au t hor cons ider s it imp os s ible t o ob
11、t ain no-r is k food becau s e manyv eget abIes cont ain danger ou s nat u r al chemicals.A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned3.M or e T han 8 Hou r s Sleep T oo M u ch of a Good T hing Alt hou gh t he danger sof t oo lit t le s leep ar e widely known,new r es ear ch s u gges t s t hat p eop Iewho s leep t
12、 oo mu ch may als o s u ffer t he cons eq u ences.Inv es t igat or sat t he U niv er s it y of Cal ifor nia in San Diego fou nd t hat p eop Ie who clocku p 9 or 10 hou r s each weeknight ap p ear t o hav e mor e t r ou ble falling ands t ay ing as leep,as we I I as a nu mber of ot her s leep p r obl
13、ems,t han p eop Iewho s leep 8 hou r s a night.Peop Ie who s lep t only 7 hou r s each night als os aid t hey had mor e t r ou ble falling as Ieep and fee Ii ng r efr es hed aft era n i ght s s I eep t han 8-hou r s I eep er s.T hes e f indi ngs,wh i ch DL Dan i e IKr ip ke r ep or t ed in t he jou
14、r nal Ps y chos omat ic M edicine,demons t r at e t hatp eop Ie who want t o get a good night s r es t may not need t o s et as idemor e t han 8 hou r s a night.He added t hat it might be a good idea forp eop Ie who s leep mor e t han 8 hou r s each night t o cons ider r edu cing t heamou nt of t im
15、e t hey s p end in bed,bu t cau t ioned t hat mor e r es ear ch isneeded t o conf i r m t his.Pr ev iou s s t u dies hav e s hown t he p ot ent i a Idanger s of chr onic s hor t ages of s leep-for ins t ance,one r ep or tdemons t r at ed t hat p eop I e who hab i t u a I ly s i eep I es s t han 7 ho
16、u r s each n i ghthav e a higher r is k of dy ing wit hin a fix ed p er iod t han p eop Ie who s leepmor e.For t he cu r r ent r ep or t,Kr ip ke r ev iewed t he r es p ons es of 1,004adu It s t o s ieep q u es t ionnai r es,in which p ar t icip ant s indicat ed how mu cht hey s I ep t du r i ng t h
17、e W eek and whet her t hey ex p er i enced any s I eep p r ob I ems.Sleep p r oblems incIu ded waking in t he middle of t he night,ar is ing ear lyin t he mor ning and being u nable t o fa 11 back t o s leep,and hav i ng fat i gu eint er fer e wit h day-t o-day fu nct ioning.Kr ip ke fou nd t hat p
18、eop Ie whos lep t bet ween 9 and 10 hou r s each night wer e mor e likely t o r ep or tex p er iencing each s leep p r oblem t han p eop Ie who s lep t 8 hou r s.In anint er v iew,Kr ip ke not ed t hat long s leep er s may s t r u ggle t o get r es t atnight s imp ly becau s e t hey s p end t oo mu
19、ch t ime in bed.As ev idence,headded t hat one way t o help ins omnia is t o s p end les s t ime in bed.M Its t ands t o r eas on t hat if a p er s on s p ends t oo long a t ime in bed,t hent hey 1 11 s p end a higher p er cent age of t ime awake,he s aid.A.Kep r ike5s r es ear ch t oo IB.Danger s o
20、f Habit u aI s hor t ages of s Ieep C.Cr it icis mon Kr i p ke s r ep or t D.A way of ov er comi ng ins omniaE.SIeep p r ob Iemsof long and s hor t s leep er sPar agr ap h 44.Food M any Amer icans har bou r a gr os s ly dis t or t ed and ex agger at edv iew of mos t of t he r is ks s u r r ou nding
21、food.Fer gu s Cly des dale,head oft he dep ar t ment of food s cience and nu t r it ion at t he u niv er s it y ofM as s achu s et t s Amher s t,s ay s bIu nt Iy t hat if t he danger s fr om bact er ial lycont aminat ed ch i cken wer e as gr eat as s ome p eop I e be I iev e.MT he s t r eet swou ld
22、be I it t er ed wit h p eop I e ly ing her e and t her e.w T hou gh t he p u b I icincr eas ingly demands no-r is k food,t her e is no s u ch t hing.Br u ce Ames,chair man of t he biochemis t r y dep ar t ment at t he U niv er s it y of Cal ifor nia,Ber keley,p oint s ou t t hat u p t o 10%of a p la
23、nt s weight is made u p ofnat u r al p es t icides（杀虫剂）.Say s he;Since p lant s do not hav e jaws ort eet h t o p r ot ect t hems eIv es,t hey emp Ioy chemi caI war far e.And manynat u r ally p r odu ced chemicals,t hou gh occu r r ing in t iny amou nt s,p r ov ein labor at or y t es t s t o be s t
24、r ong car cinogens-a s u bs t ance which can cau s ecancer.M u s hr ooms （蘑菇）might be banned if t hey wer e ju dged by t he s ames t andar ds t hat ap p Iy t o food addi t iv es （添加剂）.Dec lar es Chr i s t i na St ar k,a nu t r it ionis t at Cor nel I U niv er s it y:w W e v e got far wor s t nat u r
25、 alchemicals in t he food s u p p ly t han any t hing man-made.Yet t he is s u esar e not t hat s imp le.W hile Amer icans hav e no r eas on t o t he t er r ified t os i t down at t he d inner t ab I et t hey hav e ev er y r eas on t o demand s i gn i f i cantimp r ov ement s in food and wat er s af
26、et y.T hey u ncons ciou s ly and u nwi 11 inglyt ake i n t oo mu ch of t oo many danger ou s chemica Is.If food a I r eady cont a i nsnat u r al car cinogens,it does not make mu ch s ens e t o add doz ens of newman-made ones.T hou gh mos t p eop Ie wi11 wit hs t and t he s malI amou nt s ofcont amin
27、ant s gener al ly fou nd in food and wat er,at I eas t a few i nd i v i du a I swi 11 p r obably get cancer one day becau s e of what t hey eat and dr ink.T omake good food and water supplies even better,the Government needs totighten its regulatory standards,stiffen its inspection program andstreng
28、then its enforcement policies.The food i ndustry shou I d mod i f y someIong-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives.Perhapsmost important,consumers wi 11 have to do a better job of learning howto hand I e and cook food properly.The problems that need to be tack I edex i st a I I a
29、long the f ood-supp I y chain,from fields to processing plantsto kitchens.By saying they employ chemical warfare Li ne 4,Para.2,Bruse Ames meansplants produce certain chemicaIs to combat pests and d ise a se.”A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned5.More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although th
30、e dangersof too little sleep are widely known,new research suggests that peopIewho sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigatorsat the University of Cal ifornia in San Diego found that peopIe who clockup 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble fa llin g andstay i ng
31、asleep,as we 11 as a number of other sleep problems,than peoplewho sleep 8 hours a night.PeopIe who slept only 7 hours each night alsosaid they had more trouble fa llin g asleep and fee Ii ng refreshed aftera n i ght s s I eep than 8-hour s leepers.These f indi ngs,wh i ch DL Dan i e IKripke reporte
32、d in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine,demonstrate thatpeopIe who want to get a good night1 9 s rest may not need to set asidemore than 8 hours a night.He added that it might be a good idean forpeopIe who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing theamount of time they spend in bed,bu
33、t cautioned that more research isneeded to conf i rm this.Previous studies have shown the potent i a Idanger s of chr onic s hor t ages of s leep -for ins t ance,one r ep or tdemons t r at ed t hat p eop Ie who habit u al ly s leep les s t han 7 hou r s each nighthav e a higher r is k of dy ing wit
34、hin a fix ed p er iod t han p eop Ie who s leepmor e.For t he cu r r ent r ep or t,Kr ip ke r ev iewed t he r es p ons es of 1,004adu It s t o s i eep q u es t i onna i r es,i n wh i ch p ar t i ci p ant s i nd i cat ed how mu cht hey s I ep t du r i ng t he W eek and whet her t hey ex p er i enced
35、any s I eep p r ob I ems.SI eep p r ob I ems i nc lu ded wak ing in t he middle of t he n i ght,ar is ing ear I yin t he mor ning and being u nable t o fa 11 back t o s I eep,and hav i ng fat i gu eint er fer e wit h day-t o-day fu nct ioning.Kr ip ke fou nd t hat p eop Ie whos lep t bet ween 9 and
36、10 hou r s each night wer e mor e likely t o r ep or tex p er iencing each s leep p r oblem t han p eop Ie who s lep t 8 hou r s.In anint er v iew,Kr ip ke not ed t hat long s leep er s may s t r u ggle t o get r es t atnight s imp ly becau s e t hey s p end t oo mu ch t ime in bed.As ev idence,head
37、ded t hat one way t o help ins omnia is t o s p end les s t ime in bed.Its t ands t o r eas on t hat if a p er s on s p ends t oo long a t ime in bed,t hent hey 11 s p end a higher p er cent age of t ime awake,he s aid.A.Kep r ike5s r es ear ch t oo IB.Danger s of Habit u aI s hor t ages of s Ieep C
38、.Cr it icis mon Kr i p ke s r ep or t D.A way of ov er comi ng ins omn iaE.SIeep p r ob Iemsof long and s hor t s leep er sPar agr ap h 56.Edwin Hu bbIe Edwin Hu bbIe changed ou r ideas abou t t he u niv er s e andhow it dev elop ed.T he wor k of few ot her s cient is t s changed ou ru nder s t andi
39、ng of 51 s u dden I y.He made h i s mos t i mp or t ant d i s cov er i esin t he 1920s.T oday,ot her s cient is t s cont inu e t he wor k he began backt hen.Edwin Powe 11 Hu bbIe was bor n in 1889 in M ar s hfield,M is s ou r i.He52 his ear ly y ear s in t he s t at e of Kent u cky.T hen he mov ed w
40、it h hisfamiIy t o Chicago,Illinois.He at t ended t he U niv er s it y of Ghicago,t aking mat hemat ics and as t r onomy 53 his s p ecialt y.As a s t u dent,Hu bbIe was als o a member of t he U niv er s it y1 9 s bas ket ba11 t eam and anex cel lent box er.Sev er al p eop le u r ged him(54 for t he
41、wor Id heav y weightbox ing champ ions hip aft er col lege.Ins t ead he decided t o cont inu e his【55】In his fir s t obs er v at ions fr om M ou nt W ils on,Galifor niatHu bb I e u s ed a t e I es cop e wit h one-hu ndr ed f i f t y-t wo and began 56 mor eand mor e dis t ant object s.His fir s t gr
42、eat dis cov er y was made 57 her ecogniz ed a Cep heid v ar iable s t ar.Cep heid v ar iable s t ar s ar e s t ar swhos e br ight nes s changes at r egu lar p er iods.Hu bble t hen began t oobs er v e mor e det aiIs abou t galax ies.He s t u died t heir s hap es andbr ight nes s.By 1925,he had made
43、enou gh obs er v at ions t o s ay t hat t heu niv er s e is or ganiz ed int o many s hap es and s iz es.As s t ar s differ fr omone anot her,he s aid,58 galax ies.Accor ding t o his obs er v at ions,t he ga I ax i es hav e a cent er,and ar ms of mat t er t hat s eem t o t he cent erI ike a p inwheeI
44、.O t her ar e s hap ed 59 bas eba11s or eggs.A few hav eno s p ec ial 60 Hu bb I e p r op os ed a s y s t em t o des cr i be ga I ax i es by t he i rs hap e.His s y s t em is s t ill u s ed t oday.He als o s howed t hat 61 ar es imi lar in t he kinds of br ight object s t hey cont ain.Al I galax ies
45、,6 2 ,ar e r elat ed t o each ot her mu ch as member s of a fami ly ar e r elat ed t o eachot her.In t he lat e 1920s,Hu bbIe s t u d i ed t he mov ement of gaI ax i est hr ou gh s p ace.His inv es t igat ion led t o t he mos t imp or t ant 63 dis cov er y of t he 20t h cent u r y-t he ex p anding u
46、 niv er s e.Hu bbiesd i s c o v e r y【64 a major change in ou r ideas of t he u ni v er s e.T he u niv er s ehad not been q u iet and u nchanging s ince t he beg inning of t ime,as manyp eop Ie had t hou ght.It was ex p anding.T he ex p anding oft en is 65 t heBig Bang.A.the natureB.natureC.worldD.t
47、he earth7.Br oken:Dr eams of Ru r al Peace It was du s k in T u bney W oods,deep inr u r al O x for ds hir e.T he bir ds wer e s inging at t he end of anot her p er fectday.T he woman I iv ing at t he edge of t he for es t cou ld s t and it no longer.She p honed t he local nois e p ollu t ion office
48、r.It s t he r ooks （秃鼻乌鸦），s he s aid.I can t bear t hat awfu l cawing（呱呱地叫）nois e.Can y ou do s omet h i ng abou t itM T he cal I was no s u r p r is e t o off i c i a I sat t he V ale of W hit e Hor s e Dis t r ict Cou nci I.（46）.T hecou nt r y s ide,as ev er y cou nt r y-dwel I er knows,can be a h
49、ellis hly （可怕地）nois y p I ace.Las t week Dav id St ead,a W es t Yor ks hir e far mer,ap p ear ed in cou r t in W akefieId accu s ed of allowing his cocks t o br eaknois e r egu lat ions by cr owing（打鸣）at dawn,waking a neighbou r.（47）.Six mont hs ago Cor ky,a fou r-y ear-old cock,was bannedfr om cr o
50、wing aft er comp I a i nt s in t he Dev on v iI I age of St oke.Comp I a i nt s abou t nois e r eas onable or not-ar e at r ecor d I ev e I s in cou nt r yar eas.Env ir onment aI healt h officer s s ay t his is p ar t ly becau s e of anincr eas e in nois y act i v i t y.Howev er,a s i gn i f i cant