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1、职称英语考试理工类词汇：虚拟语气下面就特殊形式的虚拟语气的考点分列如下：should（可省略）+动词原形 用于如下结构中的that从句中：A.用于表示意原、建议、命令、提议，请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：ask要求beg请求demand要求insist坚持move建议，动员advise建议desire渴望intend打算propose 提议arrange 安排decide决定determine 决定maintain坚持，主张objeet反对order命令 prefer建议require 需要suggest建议stipulate约定规定urge强调，促进vote公认，提议decr
2、ee颁布（法令）prey请求、B.用于it is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有:advisable明智的,合理的decided决定的crucial关键的anxious焦急的imperative迫切的important重要的desirable合意的better较好的，更好insistent坚持的desired想要的asked请求keen渴望的incredible难以置信的adamant坚定不移的natural自然的insisted 坚持的 necessary 必要的 suggested 建议urgent紧迫的ordered命令shocked震惊的vital极其重要的possi
3、ble可能的strange奇怪的preferable 好一点 proposed 提议 proposed 提议resolved决定的probable可能的pity可惜，憾事shame遗憾C?表示建议、要求，命令，请求等含义的名词引导表语从句和同位语从句;常考的有：advice 忠告 decision,demand,desire,insistence,motion 提议necessity必要性order命令preference 偏爱，选择 proposal,pray 恳求requirement 要求 resolution 决，心suggestion劝告，忠告典型例句:l.He ordered th
4、at parking be prohibited on Main street during the rush hour2.It is appropriate that some time be devoted to thorough study of the results ofthe Aoollo mission.职称英语考试理工类词汇：分词分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它可以带宾语、状语和表语构成分词短语。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。1.现在分词(present participle)和过去分词(past participle)的构成A.现在分词由原形
5、动词+ing构成，如 desinging,leaving,stopping等。B.过去分词分两类，一类是规则动词，由原形动词+ed构成，如 started,excited,copied,stepped等;一类是不规则动词，如 dug,thrown,written等，需记忆。2.分词的时态和语态现在分词有一般式和完成式，并有主动和被动语态。过去分词则只有一种形式。现以动词study为例3.现在分词和过去分词的区别。A.在时态上，通常现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示完成，如：the developing countries/发展中国家the developed countries/发达国家B.在语态
6、上，通常现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，如:a moving film/一部感人的影片（主动）the moved audience/受感动的观众（被动）过去分词没有时态形式的变化。现在分词分一般式和完成式，一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或儿乎同时发生。现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前在句中不作定语，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。如：Having heard the story before.she didnt want tO hear it again./以前听过这个故事，她不想再听了。（动 作hear发生在动作want之前，整个分词结构表示原因。）职称英
7、语考试理工类词汇：比较句型(2)the more the more.结构Tthe+比较级，the+比较级说明T此句型意为 愈，就愈.。若句中的为一般，而非(he,it,you,they)或(John,M ary),且后面的为b e时，该b e可省略。你愈使请求柔婉，请求就愈变为客气。The longer you stay here,the more you will like the place.你在这里待得愈久，你愈会喜欢这个地方。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你愈小心，你犯错就会愈少。The more I
8、 learn,the less I feel I know.学而后知不足。The closer you stay to nature,the more you will appreciate her beauty.你愈接近大自然，就愈能了解它的美。The more leisure he has,the less he stays at home.愈是有空，他愈不肯待在家里。The better the boy(is),the more I like him.这男孩愈好我愈喜欢他。天气愈冷，我的生活就愈舒The bigger the house(is),the more money it wil
9、l cost.房子愈大愈值钱。The more haste,the less speed.欲速则不达。The more noble the more humble.结实愈丰者，其穗愈低。More profit and less honor.舍名逐利。The sooner the better.事不宜迟。The more you have,the more you want.拥有愈多，欲望愈高。The more you beat iron the harder it grows.铁不炼不成钢，玉不琢不成器。职称英语考试理工类词汇：形容词组合be pleased to（do）乐于be popula
10、r with得人心的，受欢迎的be prepared for做打算;对 做好准备be proud o f以自豪，因感到满意be ready to（do）装备好（做）;乐意（做）be made up of 由.组成be known to为.所熟知be likely to（do）可 能 要,像 是 要be made from由制成（化学变化）be made o f由 制成（物理变化）be mixed up混 杂，混在一起be obligedbe obliged to（do）被迫（做某事）be well off生活富裕be pleased with对 感 至!j满意be possessed of 具
11、有，拥有be present at 出席be supposed to（d。）应该，非 不可get rid of摆脱，除掉be second of 次于be short of 短缺be sick in bed病在床上be sorry for对 感到抱歉be suited to 适合于职称英语考试理工类词汇：比较句型not so much.as.结构-rnot so much+介系词词组/不定词词组+as+介系词词组/不定词词组说明T此句型意为 与其说是 倒不如说是.。相当于/+rather than+/。Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on h
12、ealth.快乐与其说在于财富倒不如说在于健康。Ones greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断，倒不如说是由他的品德来判断。Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.与其说成功在于运气不如说是辛勤努力。I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下来与其说是要睡觉，倒不如说是要思考。It is not so helpful to give someone some
13、bread as to teach him how to make aliving.与其说给人面包很有帮助，倒不如说教导他如何谋生才重要。Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation.我们的成功与其归功于您的帮忙，不如归功于我们的合作。The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.（=The oceans do notdivide the world so much as unite it.）与其说是海洋分割这个世界，不如说是统一
14、这个世界。not so much as.结构一j-not so much as.说明T此 句 型 意 为 甚 至 都 不 相 当 于not even”。本使用时，要置于之后，即：cannot s。much as+原形（甚至 都不能），do not so much as+原形（甚至.都不），have not so much as+过去（甚至 都没有）。He cannot so much as write his own name.（=He cannot even write his ownname.）他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。He did not so much as thank m e.他甚
15、至都没谢我。me.He is so stupid that he cant so much as eat.他蠢得甚至连吃饭都不会。When Mary walked in,she didnt so much as take a glance at me,which angered玛丽进门时;连看我一眼都没有，真令人生气。职称英语考试理工类词汇：非谓语动词动名词1.定义：动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构，其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing2.动能：动名词（或动名词短语）在句中起名词的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语（动词或介词的宾语）和定语等。1.作主语e.g.Swimmi
16、ng is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。2.作表语3.作宾语（动词或介词的宾语）e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等会JL好吗？4.作定语e.g?These dialogues may be used as listening materials.(=materials forlistening)/这
17、些对话可用作听力材料。3.考点：动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察，而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中，然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。4.与分词的区别：定语现在分词由原形动词+ing构成，如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时，表示正在进行的动作，或经常性的动作，或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在 形 上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man/请把
18、便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。d like to buy a washing(动名词作定语)maching.(a machine for washing)/我想要一台洗衣机。小结：动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语，现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,florgive,imagine,inclu
19、de,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate6.动名词的习惯用法:be busy/active doinz sth.句型：have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth.Its no good/use doing sth.have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.spend/waste time doing s
20、th.There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doingsth.cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth不定式1.单个不定式结构作主语，谓语用单数的形式，但是并列的不定式结构作主语时，谓语应该用复数，如：To go to school（主语）is his dream.上学是他的梦想。To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father（并 歹 U 主语）ale were whathe expected-他期望能去上学，远离他残忍的父亲。2.跟在
21、名词后面作定语，如：the ability to operate the machine 操作机器的能力 thefirst（second.last）people to speak 一 个（第 2 个，最后一个）发育的人3.跟在be动词的后面作表语，如：What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeing（表语）around Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。4.跟在及物动词的后面作其宾语I enjoy talking to you.（宾语）能和你谈话我真高兴。They dont permit smoking（宾语）in the public places
22、.他们不允许在公众场合吸烟。5.对宾语的性质，特征等进行补充说明，作宾语补足语，如：We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一（宾语补足语）我们已经说服他接受了我们的建议。在使役动词和感官动词的后面常带不to的不定式结构作宾语补足语：have（let/make/feel/hear/watch/see/observe）sb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.6.作状语。不定式结构在句子中通常充当结果状语和目的状语。如：He spent much time on his studies to be a top student.一（目 的状语
23、）为 了 成为班上的优等生，他在学习上花了很多的时间He came there to find his friends hadleft.（结果状语）他到了那里结果发现他的朋友已经走了。7.作为主语补足语，补充说明主语的性质，特征等，如：He is said to have great talent for art.（主语补足语）据说他在艺术方面很有才华。8.常接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine.expect,fail,guarantee,hope,
24、endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,，plan,pledge,pretend,promise,proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,tend,try,wait,wish9.不定式的习惯用法：句型：cannot choose but docanl help butcan do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to domight as wellwould rather难点解析i.接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词：fmean to do想要（做某
25、事）propose to do打算（做某事）mean doing意味（做某事）propose doing建议（做某事）fforget to do忘记（要做的事）remember to do记得（要做某事）forget doing忘记（已做的事）remember doing记得（已做过的事）regret to do（对将要做的事）遗憾go on to do继而（做另一件事）regret doing（对已做过的事）后悔go on doing继续（做原来的事）fstop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事2.下列动词短语中的t。是介词，后面应接动名词或名词：posed t
26、o,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to.be contrary to职称英语考试理工类词汇：形容词组合be abundant in 富于，富有be acquainted with与 相识，熟悉be afraid of恐怕,害怕，担忧be angry at因某事生气be anxious about担心，为 担忧be anxious to(do)渴望(做)be aware of意识到be bad at拙于，不善于be based on根据，以 为基础be accustomed to
27、 习惯于be active in 积极于be alive to发觉，感觉,对 敏感be angry with 对.发怒be buried in沉思，陷入，专心于be busy(doing)忙着(做某事)be busy about 忙于.be careful to(do)务必注意(做)be certain to(do)定(做)必然(做)be confident in对 有信心be clever at 擅长于be connected with 与 有关be covered with 被.覆盖be anxious for急切盼望，渴望be ashamed of为 感到害臊be about to(do
28、)即将，正要be beside oneself 忘乎所以be badly off生活穷困be bent on热恋于，一心想be better off处境较好，情况好转be born in 出生于be bound to(do)一定会，不得不be burned out住所被烧光职称英语考试理工类词汇：宾语不定式作宾语和宾语补足语。A.下面的动词要求不定式做宾语afford负担得起aim针对agree同意appear似乎，显得arrange 安排ask问attempt 企图bear 随begin开始beg请求bother扰乱,烦恼eare关心，喜欢cease停止choose选择claim要求cont
29、rive设法，图谋consent同意，赞同decide决定decline 推却Idemand要求design设计,预定desire愿望determine 决定destine洽谈室dread害怕enable能够endeavour 努力expect期望fail不能forget忘记happen碰巧hate憎恨,厌恶hesitate 犹豫hope希望incline有.倾向intend想要learn,like,loathe 不喜欢，讨厌long渴望plan计 戈 ijlove 爱manage设法（做成了某事）mean意欲，打算need需要neglect 忽视offer提供0mit忽略，漏prefer喜欢
30、，宁愿prepare 准备pretend 假装profess 表明promise承诺，允许propose 提议refuse拒绝regret抱歉，遗憾scorn忽视seek找，寻觅start开始swear宣誓try试图undertake 承接volunteer 志愿VOW发誓want想要wish希望职称英语考试理工类词汇：倒装全部倒装与部分倒装：英语中，通常是主语在谓语动词的前面，是 主语+谓语”结构，这叫陈述语序，也称为正常语序，如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，就称为倒装语序。有的倒装语序把整个谓语动词放在主语之前，称为完全倒装，有的只是谓语动词的一部分（通常是助词，情态动词，系动词be
31、或谓语的一部分）放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。例如：正常语序Her student stood by her side.她的学生站在她的边上.倒装语序 By her side stood her student?正常语序We have rarely found him in such a good mood.我们很少看到他情绪那么好？侄！装语序 Rarely havewe found him in such a good mood?1.否定词语置于句首never.no,neither,hardly,scarcely,little,seldom,rarely,not until,nowhere,a
32、t no time,on nO account.in no respects,in no sense,in no way,under nocircumstances,by no means,no longer,no less,no more,no sooner,in vain2.only+状语置于句首0nly 力 口 副 词：only then,only onceonly 力口介词短语：only at that time,only inthis way,only by doing0nly 力口状语从句：only because,only when3.not only.but also 置于句首
33、4.80.that.状语、表语置于句首5.than引导的比较状语从句(可以)6.表语+系动词+主语7.存在句(there be.)8.as引导的让步状语从句职称英语考试理工类词汇：比较句型.just as.as.结构T主词+动词+just as+形容词/副词+as+（代）名词/动名词说明T此句型意为 就像 一样J。第 一 个a s是 同样的;一样的，第二个a s是 像 之意。若之后不是be,则a s之后不用，而要用。Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver.做一个好的行人就像做一个好的司机一样重要。W
34、riting is just as important as reading.写作就像阅读一样重要。He wrote just as carefully as Tom.他就像汤姆一样小心地写。.as.as one can结构T as+形容词/副词/名词+as one can说明T此句型意为“尽 可 能as.as one can相当于as.as possible”。one要随的人称而变化，而can要随变化。To speak English fluently,you had better read as many English articles as youcan.要想把英文讲得很流利，你尽量多
35、看英文文章。Take as much exercise as you can.尽可能多做运动。Be as careful as you can.尽可能小心。Our teacher explained the lesson to us as clearly as he could.我们的老师尽可能清楚地为我们解释这一课。She needed to soften her request to make it as polite and courteous as shecould.她需要使请求语气柔婉，以便尽可能把它变成有礼貌与客气。You should be as careful as you c
36、an in making friends.在交朋友方面，你应该尽可能小心。We had better learn by heart as many sentence patterns as we can.我们尽可能多背句型。I looked down the road as far as I could.我尽可能遥望这条路。I will try to save as much as I can.我会设法尽可能多储蓄。You should remain as quiet as you can.你应尽可能地保持沉默。职称英语考试理工类词汇：比较句型more and more.结构T 比较级+and
37、+比较级说明T 此句型意为 愈来愈 。The noise of traffic grows louder and louder.交通的噪音变得愈来愈大。It is getting hotter and hotter.天气愈来愈热。You should study harder and harder,你应该更用功念书。The girl became more and more beautiful,这女孩变得愈来愈漂亮了。With the rapid economical development,China/s position on the internationalstage is getti
38、ng more and more important.随着经济迅速发展，中国在国际舞台上的地位变得愈来愈重要了。.more.than.结构T 主词+be动词+morethan.说明T此句型意为 是 而不是.J。在 的位置，可以用，或带有形容词性的。你或许也会发现阅读已经变成是有趣的事，而不是工作。It is more a made-up story than a real occurrence.那是杜撰的故事，而不是真实发生的事情。I was more disappointed than discouraged.我是失望，而不是泄气。He seems more like a military
39、officer than a business executive.他似乎比较像一个军官，而不像一个商业行政主管。He is more a sprinter than a swimmer.他是短跑健将，而不是游泳选手。I am more frightened than hurt.我吓坏了而没有受伤。Sue is more beautiful than Jane.苏比珍较美。People in the country are happier than people in the city.乡下的人们比城市的人们更快乐。职称英语考试理工类词汇：介词1.时间介词常见的时间介词有in,at,on,fo
40、r,within等，它们分别与表示时间的词语构成句子中的时间状语，如：in：in（the）spring在春天。in two months在两个月内;过两个月后。in those days在当时。in a few days几天以后，几天之内at：at five oclock 在 5 点。at noon 在中。at Christmas 在圣诞节。at（the age of）forty年四十On：on Sunday在星期日。on the morning of May 5th在五月五日的早晨。onarriving home 一到家（就）。for：for hoursfdays,years有（好）几小时（
41、好）几天，（好）几年within：within a week在一个星期内。2.动态介词与静态介词介词短语结构与be动词搭配使用，构成“系表结构，这个结构属于 静态结构，通常用于描述事物的状态，特征，如：The book is on the desk.那本书在桌上。（进行状态的描述）一些介词本身也可以区分为动态介词和静态介词，如：in,on,at等属于典型的静态介词，而into和onto就属于典型的动态介词，举例如下：in：live in London住在伦敦（在 静态词）on：with his hat on his head头上戴着帽子（“着 静态词）at：at the foot oft he
42、 hill 在山脚（在 静态词）比较：onto：get onto a horse骑 至!J马上（至J 上 动态词）into：go into a room走进屋里。（进”动态词）3.介词所带的宾语从句：介词后面需要带名词性的结构作宾语，如果宾语是一个从句结构，则该介词带的是宾语从句，比较：He is talking ofgoing abroda（宾语）.他在说出国的事情He is talking of what he wants to do（宾语从句）.他在说他想要做什么。职称英语考试理工类词汇：形容词组合be sure of坚信，确信be sure to(do)一定，必定be taken ab
43、ack 吃惊be terrified at 被 吓一跳be through with 结束be tired of厌烦;对厌倦be torn open 被撕开be unconscious of 不知道.be unfit for不适合，不胜任be surprised at 对.感至(J惊奇be provided with 装备有be ready for 为.准备好be regarded as被认为是，被当做是be rich in 富于be rid of除去，摆脱be satisfied with对 满意，满足于be short for是.的缩写(简称)be sick for 渴望get used
44、to习惯于be well up in精通,熟悉be willing to(do)乐意be grateful to 感谢，感激be independent of脱离 而独立，与无关be interested in对感兴趣职称英语考试理工类词汇：形容词组合(5)be involved with 涉及be sick of对 感到厌倦be strict with对 要求严格be taken by surprise 被突袭be lost in thought 沉思be tired from因 而疲乏be tired out 疲倦极了be worse off处境较坏，情况恶化be wrong with有点
45、毛病，有些不舒服be used to 习惯于be useful to 对.有用be wild with joy 欣喜be worried about为 而担心be worth(doing)值得(做)be glad to(do)乐于(做)，对 感到高兴be good at(doing)善于，擅长be true of适用于be unequal to无法胜任的be united as one 团结致be used as被 用作职称英语考试理工类词汇：主谓一致常出现在主谓部分倒装结构中；常出现主语有定语从句或其他修饰的结构中；常出现关系代词作主语的定语从句中；L 以一 s 结尾的名词的主谓一致学科名词
46、构词单复专有名词2.用and连接的名词或代词作主语意义上是两个人、物、概念（复数）例如：Jack and Tom意义上是同一个人、物、概念（单数）each.and each.（单数）every.and every.（单数）3.集合名词的主谓一致许多个体（复数）一个整体（单数）group team tribe congress4.people;police;militia;cattle;poultry 等复数意义名词作主语（复数）5.the+adj.表一类人的主谓一致（复数）6.临近原则not only.but also.;not.but.either.Or.;neither.nor.：.or.
47、8.表示时间、重量、价值、长度、面积、体积、容积等度量的复数名词短语作主语（单数）9.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致单数（单数）10.定语从句中的主谓一致，谓语的数要与先行词一致one Of the boys who/only one Of the boys who某些固定结构中谓语的数：a number 0f+可数名词复数谓语用复数the number of+可数名词复数谓语用单数an amount 0f+不可数名词谓语用单数the amount 0f+不可数名词谓语用单数the majority 0f+可数名词复数谓语用复数a great many+可数名词复数谓语用
48、复数many a+可数名词单数谓语用单数more than one+可数名词单数谓语用单数one and a half+可数名词复数谓语用单数each/every+可数名词单数谓语用单数neither/either of+可数名词复数谓语用单数the greater part Ofa large proportion Of50one third ofplenty Oft he rest of谓语的数与Of后面的名词一致句法：复句形容词性从句：定语从句1.定语从句与同位语从句的区分1）引导词与先行词之不同：同位语从句的引导词表达的是抽象、概念，这类词较少，而定语从句的先行词可以为任何名词；2）结
49、构：同位语从句的从属连词不在从句中充当任何语法成分，定语从句的关系代词在从句中必须充当一定的句子成分；3）作用：同位语从句解释、说明抽象名词的具体内容，定语从句对名词进行限定、修饰;职称英语考试理工类词汇：比较句型(5)N1 more.than N2结构下名词1+比较级+than+名 词2说明T此句型意为“比 更为 的.”People have to live on something more nourishing than hope.人们必须依赖比希望更滋养的东西来过活。I have never seen a girl more beautiful than Mary.我从未见过比玛丽更为
50、美丽的女孩子。I want some persons more experienced than Tom.我要一些比汤姆更有经验的人。more N than+ADJ/V-ed结构丁比较级+名词+than+(be动词)+形容词/过去分词说明下此句型意为“比 来 得 更 多 的b e通常省略。Some people give higher priced gifts than necessary for the situation.有些人给了比情况所必要来得更高价的礼物。I did more work than required.我做了比所被要求的来得更多的工作。We were given more