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1、职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习（3）A Brief Introduction of Hurricanesl .Did you know that before 1950,hurricanes had no names?They were simplygiven numbers.The first names were simply Alpha,Bravo.Charlie,etc.But in1953,female names were given because of the unpredictability（不可预矢口）factor ofthe storms.In 1979/ealizing
2、 the sexist（性别歧视的）nature of such names,the listswere expanded to include both men and women.2.Hurricanes and typhoons（台风）are the same things.If they form in theAtlantic,we call these strong storms hurricanes/rom the west Indian wordhurricane,meaning big wind.And if they are Pacific storms,they are c
3、alled typhoonsfrom the Chinese tai fun,meaning great wind.To be classified as a hurricane,thestorm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph.These storms are big,manyhundreds of miles in diameter.3.Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-upenergy.AII water vapor gives
4、 out heat as it condenses（凝结）from a gaseous state to aliquid state over fixed points on the equator（赤道）.To make a hurricane,you musthave extremely wet,warm air,the kind of air that can only be found in tropicalregions.4.Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of waterconden
5、sation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour.In just one day alone,thestorm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entireyear!The problem is that we dont know how to make such great energy work for us.5.Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most diff
6、icult tasks formoves at a typical speed of 15 mph.But not always.Some storms mayrace along at twice this speed.then suddenly stop and remain in the same location inthe ocean for several can be maddening（发疯的）if you live in a coastal areathat may be hit.forecasters.ltdays.ltG.The biggest advance in ea
7、rly detection is continuous watch from weathersatellites.With these,we can see the storms form and track them fullyjrom birth todeath.While they can still kill people and destroy property,hurricanes will neversurprise any nation again.23.Paragraph 124.Paragraph 225.Paragraph 426.Paragraph 5A.Harness
8、ing the Hurricane EnergyB.Difficulty in Forecasting the Course of a HurricaneC.Huge Energy Stored in a Hurricane0.Forecasting a Hurricane through Satellite WatchingE.Different Names for the Same ThingsF.A Short History of Naming Hurricanes27.Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in cons
9、ideration of28.Using weather satellites can ensure of hurricanes.29.Energy specialists may be interested in of hurricanes.3O.Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due toA.convenienceB.sex equalityC.its connection with humansD.the huge powerE.the timely（及时的）discoveryF.its unc
10、ertainty答案：FECB BEDF职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习8Radio and TelevisionImprovements of all kinds are constantly being made in television so thatreception will be as close to perfect as possible.Perhaps the most recentadvancement of significance has been“Telstar。The specially-equipped spacecapsule,orbiting the glob
11、e,make it possible for the entire world to be closer thanever before.Now a family in Manchester can watch on TV a football match inFrance，a ski tournament in Norway,or a parade in Japan as these events areactually happening.练习：1.Paragraph 1.2.Paragraph 2.3.Paragraph 4.A)The popularity radio and TV i
12、n BritainB)The invention of the radioC)The latest development of TVD)The importance of the radio5.People make constant efforts to improve6.A telstar is a satellite that7.With the help of the telsar,events can be reported to listeners and viewersand a l mo s t.A)at the same time as they occurB)a basi
13、c necessity of lifeC)sends out signals all the timeD)travels around the globeE)the reception of their TV setsKeys：ADCB E DA职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习4AlaskaIn those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle,Alaska still is aland of icebergs and polar bear.Ice buried in the earth,which is permanen
14、tly frozento a depth of 90 or more meters,From early May until early August,the midnightsun never sets on this flat,treeless region,but the sun cannot melt the icy soilmore than two-thirds of a meter down.Alaska is America s largest state,but only about 325,000 people live there.According to estimat
15、es,800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing butonly about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries.It isbelieved that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia，probably crossingBering Strait,named for Vitus Bering,th
16、e Danish sea captain who discoveredAlaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741.The Eskimos are the state s earliest knowninhabitants.Russian fur traders established settlements but,by the time Alaska wassold to the United States,most of the traders had departed.The gold that changed life so suddenly for
17、 Alaska was soon ended,andalthough many stories about1.Paragraph 32.Paragraph 43.Paragraph 54.Paragraph 6A)Rich resources of the stateB)Connections with the outside worldC)Transportation problemD)The natives of the landE)Cold climateF)Land and population5.For as long as three months of a year,the su
18、n on the ice-coveredland of Alaska.6.According to statistics,of the total area of Alaska has been usedfor farming.7.Alaska was originally part of Russia,but was bought8.Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealthA.as fish doesB.because of its rich natural resourcesC.by the United States in the 19th
19、centuryD.shines day and nightE.only a very small percentageF.a limited amount of the gold found there.KEY：FDCADECA职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习9l.The rise of English is a remarkable tale as Professor David Crystal reminds us inhis attractive,short book“English has a Global language/73.As he rightly points out,wha
20、t is impressive about this staggering figure is：“not so much the grand total but the speed with which expansion has taken placesince the 1950 s.In 1950,the case for English as a world language would have beenno more than plausible.Fifty years on and the case is virtually won.4.So what happened?6 The
21、 most valuable part of Crystal s study is the section devoted to a speedyanalysis of the cultural basis of this global reach,notably the influence ofbroadcasting,press,advertising,popular music and film.He is also up-to-dateand informative in his identification of the World-Wide-Web as a powerful re
22、inforcerof American cultural and linguistic dominance.7.One of his most interesting passages concerns the role played by the Leagueof Nations,and later the Untied Nations,in spreading English as an internationallanguage in the aftermath of the two world wars.1.Paragraph 22.Paragraph 33.Paragraph 54.
23、Paragraph 6A The figure of EnglishB The speed of the spread of EnglishC The role played by culture and the netD The role played by military expansionE The role played by educationF The 2,000 years of English5.The kind of English spoken 1,500 years ago was so different from the Englishwe speak t o d
24、a y.6.What impresses people most is not the interesting number of speakers ofEnglish found all over the world,the language has spread in the past halfcentury or so.7.The two international organizations founded after the two world wars madetheir contributions8.Crystal expresses the belief that in the
25、 future will not happen to English.A because of their similarityB that we would not be able to understand it at allC to the popularization of English as a world languageE what once happened to LatinF but the speed with whichKeys：FBDCB FCE职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习13Air TransportationDuring World War Two,interc
26、ontinental air transport became firmlyestablished.After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilitieswere increasingly able to avoid storms and strong wind and make flights moreeconomical and consistent.A new generation of“jumbo-jet“transports beganoperations in 1970,and the supe
27、rsonic transport entered passenger service in 1976.During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U.S airlines increasedabout 78%,and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%,In 1990 there were41.8 million international passengers,the figure was a 75%increase over 1980.Thetotal cargo flow
28、n by U.S airlines almost doubled during the 1980s,from 5.7 billion to10.6 billion ton-miles in 1990.Major airports provide a wide range of facilities for the convenience of millionsof travelers.These range from such basic services as ticket-sales counters andrestaurants to luxury hotels,shopping cen
29、ters and play are as for children.International airports must also have customs areas and currency-exchange countersand son.EXERCISE：1.Paragraph 2.2.Paragraph 3.3.Paragraph 4.4.Paragraph 5A Airport servicesB Training of pilotsC Beginning periodD Rapid growth in the U.S.E DevelopmentF Competition6.Th
30、e United States was the country where7.The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important period8.Nowadays airports provide all kinds of servicesA in the development of air transportationB the earliest passenger flights were successfully operatedC to make travel easy and pleasant for the p
31、assengersD to provide different servicesE the shortage of qualified pilotsF traveling by air was very cheapKEY：CED AD BAC职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习12Adult EducationVoluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is calledadult education.Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge a
32、ndinterpret their experience as adults.Adults may want to study something which theymissed in earlier schooling,get new skills or job training,find out about newtechnological developments,seek better self-understanding,or develop newtalents and skills.This kind of education may be in the form of sel
33、f-study with proper guidancethrough the use of libraries,correspondence course,or broadcasting.It may alsobe acquired collectively in schools and colleges,study groups,workshops,clubs,and professional associations.Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and19th centuri
34、es with the rise of the Industrial Revolution.Great economic and socialchanges were taking place：people were moving from rural areas to cities;newtypes of work were being created in an expanding factory system.These and otherfactors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.Th
35、e earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the1790s,with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanicsinstitute in Glasgow.The earliest adult education institution in the United States wasfounded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in
36、 1727.练习：1.Paragraph 2.2.Paragraph 3.3.Paragraph 4.4.Paragraph 5.A Necessity for developing adult educationB Early days of adult educationC Ways of receiving adult educationD Growth of adult educationE Institutions of adult educationF Definition of adult education5.Some adults want to learn6.There a
37、re various forms of adult education,including7.Adult education has been made necessary8.The earliest organized adult educationA by social and economic changesB guided self-study and correspondence coursesC by studying together with childrenD what they did not manage to learn earlierE dates back to t
38、he eighteenth centuryF mass productionKey：CABDDBAE职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习16Museums in the Modern WorldMuseums have changed.They are no longer places for the privileged few or forbored vacationers to visit on rainy days.Action and democracy are words used indescriptions of museums now.At a science museum in
39、Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on endas harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan Museum of Artin New York City,you can look at 17th century instruments while listening to theirmusic.At the Modern Museum in Sweden,you can put on costumes provided bythe Stockholm
40、Opera.As these examples show,museums are reaching out to newaudiences,particularly the young,the poor,and the less educated members ofthe population.As a result,attendance is increasing.The effect of all this has been to change existing museums and to encourage thebuilding of new ones.In the US and
41、Canada alone,there are now more than 6,000museums,almost twice as many as there were 25 years ago.About half of them aredevoted to history,and the rest are evenly divided between the arts and sciences.The number of visitors,according to the American Association of museums,hasrisen to more than 700 m
42、illion a year.In fact,the crowds of visitors at some museums are creating a major problem.Admission to museums has always been either free or very inexpensive,but nowsome museums are charging entrance fees for the first time or raising their prices.Even when raised，however,entrance fees are generall
43、y too low to support amuseum,with its usually large building and its highly trained staff.1.Paragraph 2.2.Paragraph 3.3.Paragraph 4.4.Paragraph 5.A Causes of changesB Increasing number of museums and visitorsC Museums getting closer to more spectatorsD Movies shown in museumsE New notions about the
44、management of museumsF Places to visit5.Now museums are no longer restricted to the privileged few,but.6.With the development of society,people,especially the young people,7.To meet the needs of society,more museums8.Two major problems for museums are that they have too many visitors andt hey.A have
45、 higher demands of museumsB are open to more people with different social backgroundC to lengthen their opening hoursD charge too little for admissionE have been built and open to publicKEY：CEABBAED职称英语考试综合类概括大意练习17The Open University in Britain1 In 1963 the leader of the Labour Party made a speech
46、explaining plans for a university of the airw-an educational system which would make use of television，radio and correspondence courses.Many people laughed at the idea,but it becamepart of the Labour Party s programme to give educational opportunity to thosepeople who,for one reason or another,had n
47、ot had a chance to receive furthereducation.2 By 1969 plans were well advanced and by August 1970 the Open University,as it is now called,had received 400,000 applications.Only 25,000 could beaccepted for the four foundation courses offered：social sciences,arts,scienceand mathematics.Unsuccessful ca
48、ndidates were told to apply again the followingyear,when a foundation course in technology would also be offered.3 The first teaching programmes appeared on the air and screen in January 1971,with clerks,farm workers,housewives,teachers,policemen and many othersas students.Correspondence units had b
49、een carefully prepared and science studentswere given devices for a small home laboratory.Study centers have been set up allover the country so that students can attend once a week,and once a year they willspend a week at one of the university s summer schools.4 It has been nearly 30 years since the
50、 Open University started to offer courses.Now it is a very important part of the British educational system.Not only does itoffer foundation courses like those mentioned above,it also carries out veryadvanced scientific researches,some of which lead to Master s or PH.D Degrees.Many other countries h