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1、新视野大学英语6课文英汉对照翻译T h e P u r s u i t o f H a p p i n e s s 追求幸福T h e r i gh t t o p u r s u e h a p p i n e s s i s p r o m i s e d t o A m e r i c a n s b y t h e U SC o n s t i t u t i o n,b u t n o o n e s e e m s q u i t e s u r e w h i c h w a y h a p p i n e s s r u n s.I t m a y b ew e a r e i
2、 s s u e d a h u n t i n g l i c e n s e b u t o f f e r e d n o ga m e.J o n a t h a n S w i f t c o n c e i v e do f h a p p i n e s s a s t h e s t a t e o f b e i n g w e H-d e c e i v c d ，o r o f b e i n g a f o o l a m o n gi d i o t s ，f o r S w i f t s a w s o c i e t y a s a l a n d o f f
3、a l s e go a l s.美国宪法赋予美国人民追求幸福的权利，但是似乎谁也说不清幸福跑到哪里去了。这就好比我们获得了打猎许可却无猎物可打一样。乔纳森斯威夫特认为幸福是一种大上其当而浑然不觉的状态，或者是充当一名白痴中的傻瓜的感觉，因为斯威夫特把社会看作是一片布满虚假目标的土地。I t i s,o f c o u r s e,u n-A m e r i c a n t o t h i n k i n t e r m s o f f a l s e go a l s.W e d o,h o w e v e r,s e e m t o b e d e d i c a t e d t o t
4、h e i d e a o f b u y i n g o u r w a y t o h a p p i n e s s.W es h a l l a l l h a v e m a d e i t t o H e a v e n w h e n w e p o s s e s s e n o u gh.虚假目标的提法当然不是美国式思维。然而 我们似乎执迷于花钱买幸福的理念。当我们拥有足够的财力时，我们就会获得极大的成功。A n d a t t h e s a m e t i m e t h e f o r c e s o f A m e r i c a n b u s i n e s s
5、a r e h u ge l y d e d i c a t e d t om a k i n g u s d e l i b e r a t e l y u n h a p p y.A d v e r t i s i n g i s o n e o f o u r m a j o r i n d u s t r i e s,a n d a d v e r t i s i n g e x i s t s n o t t o s a t i s f y d e s i r e s b u t t o c r e a t e t h e m a n d t oc r e a t e t h e m
6、 f a s t e r t h a n a n y o n e s b u d ge t c a n s a t i s f y t h e m.F o r t h a t m a t t e r,o u rw h o l e e c o n o m y i s b a s e d o n a d d i c t i n g u s t o gr e e d.W e a r e e v e n t o l d i t i s o u rp a t r i o t i c d u t y t o s u p p o r t t h e n a t i o n a l e c o n o m y
7、 b y b u y i n g t h i n gs.与此同时，美国商业势力却大肆渲染，人为地使我们感到不幸福。广告业是我们的主要产业之一，它的存在不是为了满足欲望，而是为了制造欲望，其速度之快为任何人的预算所不及。这样一来，我们整个的经济就建立在使我们沉溺于贪婪的基础上。甚至有人告诉我们通过购物来支持国家经济是我们的爱国义务。L o o k a t a n y o f t h e m a ga z i n e s t h a t c a t e r t o w o m e n.T h e r e a d v e r t i s i n g b e gi n sa s a r t a n d
8、 s l o ga n s i n t h e f r o n t p a ge s a n d e n d s a s p i l l s a n d t h e r a p y i n t h eb a c k p a ge s.T h e a r t a t t h e f r o n t i l l u s t r a t e s t h e d r e a m o f p e r f e c t b e a u t y.T h i si s t h e b a b y s k i n t h a t m u s t b e h e r s.T h i s,t h e p e r f
9、u m e d b r e a t h s h e m u s t b r e a t h eo u t.T h i s,t h e s i x t e e n-y e a r-o l d f i gu r e s h e m u s t d i s p l a y a t f o r t y,a t f i f t y,a ts i x t y,a n d f o r e v e r.T h i s i s t h e h a r n e s s i n t o w h i c h M o t h e r m u s t s t r a p h e r s e l fi n o r d e
10、r t o d i s p l a y t h a t p e r f e c t f i gu r e.T h i s i s t h e c r e a m t h a t r e s t o r e s s k i n,t h e s e a r e t h e t a b l e t s t h a t m e l t a w a y f a t a r o u n d t h e t h i gh s,a n d t h e s e a r e t h ep i l l s o f p e r p e t u a l y o u t h.随便翻开一本迎合妇女口味的杂志，不难发现，开头
11、的几页广告都是艺术和口号，到了结尾的几页就都变成了药丸和疗法。开头几页的艺术包装所展示的是对至尊美丽的渴望。她拥有的是婴儿般的细腻皮肤。她呼出来的是芬芳的气息。无论她4 0 岁、5 0 岁、6 0 岁，还是任何时候，她永远都拥有1 6 岁的身段。这就是母亲为了展示她的优美体形所使用的束带。这是可使人肌肤恢复细嫩的护肤霜，这些是减去大腿脂肪的药片，这些是青春永驻的药丸。O b viously no re a sona b le pe rson c a n b e c omple te ly pe rsua d e d e ithe r b y suc ha rt or b y suc h pil
12、ls a nd d e vic e s.Y e t some one is ob viously trying to b uy thisd re a m a nd spe nd ing b illions e ve ry ye a r in the a tte mpt.C le a rly the ha ppine ssma rke t is not running out of c ustome rs,b ut wha t is it the y a re trying to b uy?很明显，任何有理智的人都不会完全被此类广告艺术、药丸或器械所打动。不过确实有人想要花钱买这个梦，不惜为此每
13、年花销数十亿美元。显然，幸福市场不乏顾客，但是他们想要购买的又是什么呢？D e fining the me a ning of ha ppine ss is a pe rple xing proposition:the b e stone c a n d o is to tryto se t some e xtre me s to the id e a a nd the n work towa rd s themid d le.T o think of ha ppine ss a s a c hie ving supe riority ove r othe rs,living ina ma n
14、sion ma d e of ma rb le,ha ving a wa rd rob e with hund re d s of outfits,will d oto se t the gre e d y e xtre me.T o think of ha ppine ss a s the joy of a holy ma n ofI nd ia will d o to se t the spiritua l e xtre me.H e sits c omple te ly still,c onte mpla ting the na ture of re a lity,fre e e ve
15、n of his own b od y.I f a d mire rsb ring him food,he e a ts it;if not,he sta rve s.W hy b e c onc e rne d?W ha t isphysic a l is trivia l to him.T o c onte mpla te is his joy a nd he a c hie ve s c omple teme nta l foc us through a n inc re d ib ly d e ma nd ing d isc ipline,the a c c omplishme nt
16、ofwhic h is itse lf a joy to him.给 幸福 下定义是一个令人困惑的问题：最好的办法是先设定两个极端，然后寻求中庸。认为幸福就是高人一等，住的是大理石豪宅，衣柜里有上百套衣服，这可成为贪婪的极端。认为幸福就是印度圣人似的快乐，这将成为精神生活的极端。圣人打坐，冥想着现实的本质，超脱于肉身的拖累。如果有崇敬者给他端上食物，他就吃；如果没人给，他就饿着。何苦为此事烦恼？切物质的东西对他都微不足道。冥想就是他的快乐。他凭借常人难以想像的自律达到高度的精神集中，对他来说，能够达到如此境界，这本身就是快乐。I s h e a h ap p y m an?Pe r h ap
17、s h i s h ap p i n e s s i s o n l y an o t h e r s o r t o f i l l u s i o n.B u t w h o can t ak e i t f r o m h i m?A n d w h o w i l l dar e s ay i t i s m o r e f al s e t h anh ap p i n e s s p ai d f o r t h r o u g h an i n s t al l m e n t p l an?他是一个幸福的人吗？也许他的幸福不过是又一种幻觉罢了。但是，谁能剥夺他的幻觉呢？谁又敢说
18、这种幸福比靠分期付款购买的幸福更虚假呢？A l t h o u g h t h e h o l y m an s co n ce p t o f h ap p i n e s s m ay e n j o y co n s i de r abl e p r e s t i g ei n t h e Or i e n t,I do u bt t h e e x i s t e n ce o f s u ch m o t i o n l e s s h ap p i n e s s.Wh at i scertain is that his way of happiness would be tor
19、ture to almost anyone ofWestern temperament.Yet these extremes will sti11 serve to define the areawithin which all of us must find some sort of balance.Thoreau had his ownfirm sense of that balance:save on the petty in order to spend on theessential.尽管圣人的幸福观在东方享有很高的声誉，但我却怀疑是否真有这样静态的幸福。可以肯定的是，他的幸福方式几
20、乎对于任何具有西方性格的人来说都是一种折磨。但这些极端认识仍将有助于说明幸福的概念，我们每个人都能从中找到某种平衡。梭罗自己的坚定平衡信念是：小事省一省，大事有保证。Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of theneighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the petty.The activediscipline of raising one，s perception of what is eternal in nature would havebeen hi
21、s idea of the essential.Time saved on the petty could be spent on theessential.Thoreau certainly didn，t intend to starve,but he would put intofeeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for moreimportant efforts.为了占有而占有，或是为了与邻里攀比而占有，可能就是梭罗认为的小事。自觉提高自己对自然界中永恒价值的认识能力，应该属于梭罗认识中的大事
22、。从小事上省下来的时间可以花在大事上。梭罗当然不会让自己挨饿，但是他的进食仅仅是为了保持其体能，以便有精力做大事。Effort is the essence of it:there is no happiness except as we take onchallenges.Short of the impossible,the satisfactions we get from a lifetimedepend on how high we place our difficulties.The mortal flaw in theadvertised version of happiness
23、 is in the fact that it claims to be effortless.努力是幸福的精髓：只有接受了挑战，我们才会有幸福感。除非不可能，我们一生的满足均取决于我们把困难定位到怎样的高度。广告版幸福的致命缺陷在于它声称幸福不需要做出任何努力。We demand difficulty even in our diversions.We demand it because withoutdifficulty therecan be no game;a game is a way of making something hard forthe fun of it.The rul
24、es of the game are an arbitrary addition of difficulty.It is easier to win at chess if you are free to change the rules,but the funis in winning within the rules.If we could mint our own money,even buildinga fortune would become boring.No difficulty,no fun.即使是在娱乐中，我们也希望有点难度。我们想要难度，因为没有难度就没有了游戏乐趣；游戏要
25、靠制造难度来生成乐趣。游戏的规则是人为地增加难度。如果可以自行改变棋赛规则，赢一盘棋将会容易得多。然而，下棋赢棋的乐趣是在规则下赢棋。如果我们自己就能够造钱，那么即使造出一座金山也了然无趣。没有难度，就没有乐趣。Those in advertising seem too often to have lost their sense of the pleasureof difficulty.And the Indian holy man seems dull to us,I suppose,because heseems to be refusing to play anything at al
26、l.The Western weakness may be inthe illusion that happiness can be bought.Perhaps the oriental weakness is inthe idea that there is such a thing as perfect happiness.广告中推销的东西似乎常常因缺少难度而缺少乐趣。我想，印度圣人在我们看来似乎也提不起兴趣，因为他好像拒绝任何游戏。西方幸福观的弱点可能在于他们幻想幸福是可以买来的。而东方幸福观的弱点或许在于他们相信存在完美的幸福。Happiness is never more than
27、 partial.Whatever else happiness may be,it isneither in having nor in being,but in becoming.What the writers of theConstitution declared for us as an inherent right was not happiness but thepursuit of happiness.What the early patriots might have underlined,couldthey have foreseen the happiness-marke
28、t,is the cardinal fact that happinessis in the pursuit itself,in the pursuit of what is engaging and life-changing,which is to say,in the idea of becoming.A nation is not measured by what itpossesses or wants to possess,but by what it wants to become.幸福从来就是不圆满的。不管我们对幸福还有什么别的解释，它都既不是拥有，也不是存在，而是过程。美国宪
29、法的制订者为我们公布的天赋人权，不是幸福权，而是对幸福的追求权。如果当年的爱国者能够预见后来的幸福市场，他们或许会强调这样一个基本事实：幸福在于追求本身，在于参与和改变人生，也就是说，在于相信 过程 这一理念。评估一个国家的标准，不是看它已经拥有什么，或者想要拥有什么，而是看它想要成为什么。My Teacher,My Salvation我的老师，我的救星I stepped off the ship on a gray March day in 1949,a small boy with a newAmerican visa shoved in his pocket,a boy who had
30、lost his mother and wasemigrating to America to live with a father he did not know.I was verysuspicious of the heavy,bald man who embraced my sisters and me at the dock.Still,he was the very image of American people in his gleaming black shoes,gray overcoat,and new hat.1949年 3 月的一个阴沉的日子，我，一个小男孩，兜里揣着
31、新领的美国签证走下了船。我刚刚失去了母亲，这次移民来美国，准备同素未谋面的父亲一道生活。在码头上，看着这个拥抱我和我的姐妹们的秃顶胖男人，我满怀疑惑。不过，他的皮鞋黑色，穿着灰色大衣，戴着崭新的帽子，是典型的美国人形象。After several years in an elementary school class for those with low IQ-there were no classes for non-English-speaking children I made it to juniorhigh school.The first week of classes we we
32、re told to select a hobby topursue during club houron Fridays.T decided to follow the prettiest girl inmy class,who led me through a door marked Newspaper Club.And there wasa s h a r p-t o n g u e d,n o-n o n s e n s e E n g l i s h t e a c h e r n a m e d M a r i l y n B u r d.呢 r e g o i n gt o p
33、u t o u t a n e w s p a p e r,s h e y e l l e d,r a p p i n g h e r d e s k w i t h a r u l e r,s o i f a n yo f y o u d o n t w a n t t o w o r k,T s u g g e s t y o u g o a c r o s s t h e h a l l t o t h e Th e a t e rC l u b r e h e a r s a l n o w,b e c a u s e y o u，r e g o i n g t o w o r k y
34、 o u r t a i l s o f f h e r e!”由于没有专为不会讲英语的孩子开设的课程，我在低智商孩子班读了几年小学后，升入了初中。第一周的课匕老师通知我们要为周五的“俱乐部活动时间”选择一个自己喜欢的活动项目。我决定随班里最漂亮的女孩去，她带着我进了 一道门，门上标着”报刊俱乐部 在 那 里，我们见到了言辞尖刻、本正经的英语教师玛丽莲伯德。我们准备出一份报纸，“她用尺子敲着桌子，高声地说，”所以，如果你们不想出力的话，我建议你们现在就到大厅那边去参加戏剧俱乐部的排练，因为在这里你们要玩命地干！”I w a s s o o n u n d e r t h e s p e l l
35、 o f t h i s f o r m i d a b l e a n d e l o q u e n t w o m a n.S h ed r i l l e d u s o n g r a m m a r a n d m a d e m e f a l l i n l o v e w i t h l i t e r a t u r e.I w a sf a s c i n a t e d b y t h e w a y s h e c o u l d r e a d a s t o r y o r a p i e c e o f v e r s e,t h e n o p e n i t
36、u p l i k e a f a n,d i s p l a y i n g i t s v a r i o u s f a c e t s,c o l o r s,a n d m e a n i n g s.I h a dc o n s i d e r e d s t o r i e s t o b e s i m p l e a d v e n t u r e s,b u t s h e s h o w e d m e t h e y c o u l de x p r e s s f e e l i n g s a s w e l l:p a i n,f r u s t r a t i
37、o n,a n g e r,a n d l o s s.A n d s h e t a u g h tm e t h a t m y m o t h e r l a n d w a s t h e f o u n d a t i o n o f W e s t e r n c i v i l i z a t i o n.I b e g a n t ob e p r o u d o f m y o r i g i n s.我很快就被这个令人望而生畏、口若悬河的女士所折服。她反复训练我们掌握语法，并使我爱上了文学。她能够读一篇故事或一首诗，然后像打开折扇一样，将它的各个侧面、色彩和含义全部展示出来
38、，这一点强烈地吸引了我。我过去直认为小说写的只不过是不平凡的生活经历，而她却使我知道小说还可以表达情感：如痛苦、挫折、愤怒和失落。她使我知道我的祖国是西方文明的发源地。我开始对自己的出身感到骄傲。O n e d a y sh e a ssi g n e d u s t o c om pose a c on c i se e ssa y f rom ou r ow n e x pe ri e n c e.Fi x i n g m e w i t h a st e rn l ook,sh e a d d e d,“N i c k,I w a n t y ou t o w ri t e a b ou
39、 t w h a th a ppe n e d t o y ou r f a m i l y i n y ou r h om e l a n d.一天，她布置了一份作业，让我们根据自己的亲身经历写一篇短文。她用严厉的目光盯着我，接着说：尼克，我要你写你们一家在你家乡的经历。T h a t w a s t h e l a st t h i n g I w a n t e d t o w ri t e a b ou t,a n d so I l e f t t h ea ssi g n m e n t u n t i l t h e l a st m om e n t.T h e n,on a w
40、 a rm w e e k e n d a f t e rn oon,I sa t i nm y room w i t h a pa d a n d pe n c i l a n d st a re d ou t t h e w i n d ow.T h e c h oru s of b i rdson g,t h e b u z z of i n se c t s,a n d t h e pe rf u m e of f re sh l y c u t g ra ss d i st ra c t e d m e.Fi n a l l y I w rot e t h e f i rst se
41、n t e n c e:T o m a n y pe opl e t h e c om i n g of spri n g m e a n st h e e n d of w i n t e r,t h e f i rst b i rd s,t h ou g h t s of l ov e.S pri n g t o m e h a s a v e ryd i f f e re n t m e a n i n g b e c a u se t h i s w a s w h e n I h u g g e d m y m ot h e r f or t h e l a st t i m e.这
42、可是我最不愿写的东西，所以我把作业拖到了最后时刻。后来，一个周末温暖的下午，我坐在自己的房间里，备好稿纸和铅笔，两眼呆呆地望着窗外。鸟儿的欢唱声、昆虫的唧唧声，以及新剪草地的芳香使我无法集中注意力。最后，我写下了第一句：”对很多人来说，春天的来临意味着冬季的结束，第一批候鸟的出现，以及对爱的思念。而春天对我来说却有着完全不同的意义，因为我最后一次拥抱母亲就是在这个季节。I k e pt w ri t i n g,t e l l i n g h ow t h e l oc a l g u e rri l l a s oc c u pi e d ou r v i l l a g e a n dt
43、ook ou r h om e a n d f ood;h ow m y m ot h e r pl a n n e d ou r e sc a pe w h e n sh e l e a rn e d a l lt h e c h i l d re n w e re t o b e se n t t o sc h ool s i n a n ot h e r c ou n t ry f or t h e i n d e f i n i t ef u t u re;a n d h ow sh e c ou l d n ot c om e w i t h u s b e c a u se t h
44、 e g u e rri l l a s se n t h e r t od i g a n i rri g a t i on d i t c h i n a d i st a n t v i l l a g e.我不停地写着，讲述当地游击队如何占领我们村庄，强占我们的房屋，夺走我们的食物。写母亲在听说所有的孩子都要被送到外国的学校而前途未卜 之后，如何安排让我们逃走，而她自己却被游击队强迫到远处的村庄挖水渠而不能与我们同行。I w rot e a b ou t h ow on e n i g h t w e w e re sm u g g l e d d ow n t h e m ou n
45、t a i n a n d i n t o t h el i n e s of g ov e rn m e n t sol d i e rs,w h e re a se rg e a n t se n t u s t o a re f u g e e c a m p.Itw a s t h e re t h a t w e l e a rn e d of ou r m ot h e r1 s t ort u re a n d e x e c u t i on.I w rot e t h a tI c ou l d st i l l h e a r t h e c ri e s of m y s
46、i st e rs w h e n w e w e re t ol d m y m ot h e r w a st a k e n i n t o a c e l l a r a n d sh ot b y t h e g u e rri l l a s f or w h a t t h e y c a l l e d d i sl oy a l t y t h e e sc a pe of h e r c h i l d re n.我描述了在一天夜里我们是怎样被偷偷地送下山，进入到政府军的地界，然后一位中士把我们送进难民营。正是在难民营里，我们听说了母亲遭受的折磨和被处决的消息。我写道，我依
47、然能够听到姐妹们的哭声，那时，有人告诉我们，母亲因为让孩子们逃走而被认为是对游击队的不忠，所以被带到一个地窖枪杀了。B u t I did w rit e t hat I felt v ery lu cky t o hav e s t art ed a new life,mymot her s dream for u s.I ended my narrat iv e by s ay ing t hat,nev ert heles s,t hecoming of s pring alw ay s reminded me of t he green and gold day in 1 9 4 8
48、w hen Ilas t s aw my mot her.但我也写道，开始了新的生活，我感到很幸运，这也是母亲为我们编织的梦。在故事的结尾，我这样写道：不过，春天的来临总让我想起1 9 4 8 年那个大地返青、阳光灿烂的日子，那天，我最后一次见到母亲。I handed in my es s ay,hoping t hat w as t he end of it,bu t M is s B u rd had itpu blis hed in t he s chool paper.1 w as horror-s t ru ck u nt il I s aw t hat myclas s mat e
49、s react ed w it h s y mpat hy and u nders t anding.Wit hou t t elling me,M is sB u rd als o ent ered t he es s ay in a nat ional cont es t,and it w on a medal.我交上了自己的作文，希望这件事到此为止，但伯德小姐却将它发表在了校刊上。我非常惶恐，直到看见同学们同情和理解的反应心里才塌实了下来。后来伯德小姐没让我知道，又报名让此文参加全国作文竞赛，并获得了一枚奖章。F or t he firs t t ime I began t o u nd
50、ers t and t he pow er of t he w rit t en w ord.M eanw hile,I follow ed t he lit erary pat h M is s B u rd had s et me on.I managed t ofinance four years of university tuition with scholarships and part-time jobswith newspapers.An article I wrote about a friend who died in the Philippines一 one of the