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1、Unit 1 How do you study for a test?【单元话题分析】怎样学习英语，怎样学好英语是我们每个学生、老师、家长共同关心的问题。本单元话题就是谈论如何学习英语。学会学习是 新课程标准倡导的一个基本理念。如何学习英语或者如何学习某门功课是非常贴近中学生学习生活的话题之一，是每个中学生都有亲身感受与体验的。这个话题既有趣又实用，既能锻炼我们的表达能力，又能使我们学到一些实用的方法，对自身的学习大有帮助。它涉及到英语学习的各个方面，可以谈论听力、口语的训练，语法、词汇的学习，也可以谈论自己学习中遇到的困难，介绍学习经验、给出建议等内容。该话题常见的命题形式主要是要求考生介绍
2、自己学习英语的具体方法、学习英语的体会、遇到的困难和给他人提出建议等。写该话题时要注意层次清晰、条理清楚，写作时要突出谈论的重点，使用恰当的时态（一般现在时较常用）。此外，大家还要掌握相关的词汇和常见表达方式，使自己的作文语言丰富，更具可读性。【写作指导】1对于写作而言，丰富的词汇储备十分重要。关于这个话题常见的词汇和短语有：.memorize,pronunciation,read aloud,make mistakes in grammar/spelling,takenotes,practice speaking,by asking the teacher for help/surfing
3、the internet/getting2 an English tutor,have a problem,learn by heart-及到发生在过去的事，则使用一般过去时。谈论本话题也常常用到现在进行时。一 定 注意要按照内容安排选择适当的时态。3、从涉及的内容来看，无论是谈论自己的学习经验还是面临的问题，都需要逐一列举，为了使全文流畅、生动、层次清晰、条理清楚，在写作中，正确使用连接词，会使文章增色不少。常见的表示顺序或承接的连词或词组有:first of all,second,to begin with,later on,finally,at last 等。4、每个句子要简练，尽量避免
4、语法错误。但句式也不可过于单调，要把平时学的知识用进去，在恰当的地方使用如定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词和比较等句型，特别是对关联词的使用，如 so th at、notbut”not only.but also”等，更能显示出你的英文功底，但要做到这些并非一日之功，要靠平时的不断训练和积累。5、注意不同语言的表达习惯，也是写好英语作文的重要环节。不要用汉语的句式去硬套英语句子，尽量使用学过的句型。【解题技巧】1、先要认真审题，仔细阅读提示，弄清写作的要求，抓住要点，确定体裁。2、根据要求构思，按要求确定人称、时态等要素，草拟提纲。根据作文内容考虑要使用的词汇和短语等内容。3、认真选词、选句，尽
5、量使用自己熟悉的、掌握较好的词句，最好能做到词汇使用恰当、丰富，句式多样。避免用汉语思维套用英语句式。4、联句成篇，使作文自然流畅。适当应用连词把句子串联成为一篇短文，注意合理搭配句式，正确使用标点符号，不 可“一逗”到底。5,通篇检查，修改润色。主要看全文内容是否符合题目要求，有没有遗忘要点，看行文是否流畅，有无拼写及语法错误。【佳篇欣赏】AMy Ways of Learning EnglishEnglish is the most widely used language in the world.As a student in the 21st century,learning a fo
6、reign language well is necessary.Unfortunately,a few of my classmates dont learnEnglish well,so they want to give up.Therefore,I think I should help them with their English.Here are my ways of learning English.First of all,I usually learn English by listening to the tapes.Correct pronunciation is th
7、e mostimportant thing for beginners.I listen to the tape carefully every evening and read every sentenceafter the tape to improve my pronunciation.In this way,my English sounds very nice now,and Iam more confident in learning English.Second,I think reading is another important way to learn English.I
8、 usually learn new wordsby reading English magazines.By reading,I not only learn a lot of words,but also get to knowhow to use them.Reading helps me to understand grammar better,it makes grammar moreinteresting.As for speaking,I join the English cub to practice spoken English.I talk with differentst
9、udents and foreign teachers.In my opinion,the best way of learning English is talking in Englishas much as possible.Dont be afraid of making mistakes because everyone makes mistakes.BHow to Learn English Well?English is one of the most important subjects in middle school.Almost everyone knows thatwe
10、 should learn English well,but few of us know how to learn it well.When one is learning aforeign language,he must use it.In fact,most of us learn English just by reading the textbooksand listening to the tapes.But we are afraid to speak.Dont be afraid of making mistakes.A sayinggoes that practice ma
11、kes perfect.When we learn English,we should practice speaking every dayin order to learn it better.The more we speak,the fewer mistakes we make.Only in this way canwe learn English well.CMy Problems in Learning EnglishI have been leaning English for more than six years.I find it difficult for me to
12、learn it well.Ihave some problems in leaning English.I cant follow my teacher when she speaks English inclass.I am really worried.I tried my best to learn English by memorizing all the grammar rulesand new words,but I always make mistakes in grammar and spelling.Whats wrong?I feelfrustrated.【重点结构和句型
13、展示】A.原汁原味（课本重点结构和句型）1.I learn English by reading aloud.我通过大声朗读学英语。2.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?大声朗读练习发音怎么样？3.She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all.她补充说，和朋友交谈一点帮助都没有。4.It is too hard to understand the voice.理解那些话太难了。5.Hes been learning English
14、 for six years.他学习英语已经有六年了。6.First of all,it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class.首先是老师给全班讲课时我不容易听懂O7.I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a goodlanguage learner.我认为进行大量的多听力训练是成为一个优秀语言学习者的秘诀之一。B.精彩例句拓展1.Why not listen and
15、 read after the tape?为什么不听录音跟读呢？2.You better take notes in class.你最好上课记笔记。3.It is not difficult for you to learn English well if you spend time and energy on it,只要你花时间下功夫，学好英语并不难。4.It is wise of you to take English seriously.你能认真对待英语，这是明智的。5.Dont be afraid to ask for help.别怕请人帮忙。6.I always make mist
16、akes in grammar.我常常在语法方面犯错。7.I have trouble reading English magazines.我读英文杂志有些困难。【原创习作点评】假设你是一名英语成绩优秀的初三学生，请你写一篇短文，简要总结自己近几年学习英语的成功做法。要求：1.题目自拟。2.合理安排内容，尽量介绍英语学习各个方面的做法，避免只介绍某一个方面的经验做法。3.语言通顺、语法准确。分 析：这是一篇给定话题的自命题作文，要求以成绩优异生的身份介绍学习英语的成功做法和经验。写作的重点要放在学习方法的介绍上。首先，可以介绍自己的英语学习情况，再导入到方法的介绍说明上。其次，由于介绍的内容包
17、括多方面的内容，所以要注意写作的条理要清楚。要做到条理清楚，就需要恰到使用表示顺序或承接的词或词组。习 作 1：H o w I s t u d y E n g l i s hI often hear some students say that English is toodifficult to learn,and they cant learn it well.But Englishis easy to me.I am good at it.1 am very glad to saysomething about how I learn English.First,I think havi
18、ng interest in English is veryimportant.Interest is the best teacher.In order to develop教师点评 得分点这是一篇非常优秀的学生习作。内容完整，介绍时使用了 first,second thi rd 等副词使短文条理清晰，层次分明。用词丰富，使用了多种句式，作文具有较强的可读性。interest in English,I always listen and learn someEnglish songs.When I sing these songs,I feel veryconfident that I ca
19、n learn English well.Second,English is a foreign language,its not so easyto learn.In class,I listen to the teacher carefully,speakbravely,I am not afraid of making mistakes.After I listento the tape,read aloud the new words many times andpractice speaking again and again.I also have a goodhabit-一 as
20、k questions.Whenever I have a question,I willask my teacher for help and make it clear.Third,I often read English magazines.In this way,Ican learn lots of new words and expressions.Readinghelps me understand a lot of things.I think it an importantway to learn a foreign language.Learning English take
21、s time and energy.If you arehardworking and interested in it,you will do well in it.Ihope every student can learn English well.用词恰当，极少出现语言错误。对于初中学生来说，有些句型使用的 非 常 精 彩，如：I think it animportant way to learn a foreignlanguage 和 Learning English takestime and energy.存在问题短文中出现了简单错误。此两处分别应为have an interest
22、in 和 develop an interest。此 处 应 为 listen to,建议可根据英语学习的具体情况介绍如何学习词汇、语法等内容。如果是考试作文，字数最好控制在 100-120左右。习 作 2：The way I learn EnglishI like English very much.My English is very good.Usually,I like to listen to English songs very much.Ilearned many words by remembering the words ofsongs.This can help me pr
23、actice listening,too.Grammar is very important.I always try my best toremember all the grammar rules after class.Then I willmake some sentences according to the grammar.Usegrammar helps me do well in exams.For most of the students,speaking is a problem.Inclass,I work with my partners to practice the
24、 dialogues inthe textbook.After class,I often read after the tape and tryto remember all the sentences.When I speak with myclassmates or foreign teacher,these sentences are veryuseful.English itself is not difficult,the most important fol astudent is to be confident.I think everyone can learn it教师点评
25、 得分点这是一篇中档习作。基本按照题目要求，简单介绍了自己在英语学习几个方面的做法。语言错误较少。结尾句很好。失分点使用的句型单一、简单。条理性不强。段落关系联系不紧密。语言错误：此处选词不当，根据短文内容判断，此处用memorize的动名词形式memorizing更为恰当。语法错误，对于动名词做主语掌握不熟练，此处应为Using.well if you try hard.【拓展练笔】1、关于学习英语，有人认为最重要的是学好语法，有人认为最重要的是尽可能多地记住一些单词和词组。而你认为这两种观点都有片面性。以 How to learn English well?为题写一篇短文，谈谈你的看法。H
26、ow to learn English well?One possible version:How to Learn English Well?Some people think that if we want to learn English well we must learn English grammar wellfirst of all.Others believe we cant learn English well if we dont memorize as many Englishwords and phrases as possible.In my opinion,gram
27、mar rules,new words and phrases are both very important,but they arenot enough.Fox example,some of my classmates are quite good at grammar and have learned byheart a lot of English words and phrases,yet they cant express themselves in English when theymeet foreign friends.I think the best way to lea
28、rn English well is to learn and use English all the time.Dont beafraid of making mistakes.Wed better do a lot of listening,speaking,reading and writing.If youcan form the habit of thinking and writing in English all day,you are sure to grasp the spirit ofEnglish and will be able to read works in Eng
29、lish within a short period of time.Only in this way can we learn English well.So I think this is the best way.2,你准备参加一个关于学习方法的讨论会。在会上，你将用英语介绍自己学习英语的具体方法，对待困难的态度和解决问题的办法，并号召其他同学一起学好英语。请结合自己的实际情况，写一篇发言稿。要求：1.语言准确、语句通顺、书写规范；2.内容全面，可适当发挥；3.词数在100个左右。开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。One possible version:Hello,everyone!I
30、 am glad to tell you how I learn English.Like most of you,I am interested in English.When you are willing to do something,YOU willdo your best to make it.Motivation is quite important.For many students around me,its not soeasy for them to memorize new words.I seldom repeat the same single word again
31、 and again,instead I memorize new words by using them.Whenever I learn some words,I will try to use itwhen I speak.I find it easy to remember things in the context.This is also true to grammar.Themost important thing is to use it.Remember this,you will do better.I always keep myself busy,Iread some
32、pages every day.While reading,I not only learn lots of words and phrases,but alsolearn the skills of speaking.Reading helps me know many topics,so I always have something tosay when I have to talk.Of course,I also have a lot of problems.But I never feel frustrated.Problems remind me that Iam not the
33、 best one and I need to do more with it.When I have problems,I will try to solve themwith the help of a dictionary first.If the dictionary doesnt help,I will ask my teacher for help.So,everybody,be confident and hardworking、you will do well in English.3、（2007年福州市初中毕业会考、高级中等学校招生考试）为了交流学习经验，提高学习效率，新世纪
34、英文报正在举办以“How to be a good leame?为题的征文比赛。请你踊跃投稿。内容提示：要求：1.必须用上所有的内容提示，语句通顺，书写规范；2.词数80左右，已给出的句子不计人总词数。How to be a good learner?As a good learner,we should_I hope all these will be helpful to us.One possible version:How to be a good learner?As a good learner,we should have good habits and ways in lear
35、ning.We need to get readyfor our lessons before class and always listen carefully in class.After class,we must go over thelessons and finish our homework on time.It is good to study in groups and help each other.As astudent,working hard is important.But dont forget to do sports and keep healthy.We s
36、hould domore reading in our free time,If we have any problems,wed better ask others for help.I hope all these will be helpful to us.Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark【单元话题分析】随着年龄的增长、时间的推移，人们的相貌、性格、兴趣爱好可能会发生变化，人们的行为习惯、生活环境也会发生些许变化。本单元的话题就是谈论变化，进行今昔对比。新课程标准倡导体验、实践的学习方式。课程标准的第五级目标要求学生能根据所给的图示或表格写出简
37、单的段落，简单描述人物或事物。本单元话题所谈论的内容就是要学生根据自己不同年龄阶段的生活体验，运用目标语言（如used to等）描述自己生活中的一些变化情况。该话题常见的命题方式是要求学生根据文字提示、表格提示和图片提示等归纳、整理，写出条理清晰的短文，描述人物或事物的今昔变化。写作时要注意顺序得当，主次分明。由于本话题涉及到了过去和现在的情况，因此，要注意恰当的使用过去式和现在时，写作时尽量作到句式多样。【写作指导】1、本单元话题的特征是通过今昔比较发现变化。写作时要注意对作为描写对象的人或事物进行仔细的思考和观察，根据思考和观察的结果客观地将对比情况告诉他人。在完成考试题时，要仔细理解文字
38、、表格和图片等提示，答题时不要遗漏内容要点。2、注意写作的顺序，做到顺序得当，主次分明。理顺要点在所给提示，按事件先后的顺序或各要点之间的内在联系排序，分出层次。如果是看图作文，则要按图构思，这样做既可避免要点遗漏，又可使表达内容条理清楚。3、尽可能在作文中使用多种句式，不可一种句式从头用到尾，篇幅不宜过长。【佳篇欣赏】AMy Life Has ChangedDear Robby,I havent seen you for ages.How are you?Do you play the piano every day now?I study in a junior middle school
39、 now,I am always busy with my lessons.I used toplay the piano every evening,but now I cant.I have to do my homework.As youknow,I used to have lots of hobbies,but now I just have no time for them.I gave upcollecting model cars,sent away my dog and stopped painting.I used to enjoy myselfwith my friend
40、s at weekend,while I spend most of my time doing my lessons now.My life has changed a lot,I feel frustrated.What about the life of middle school students in your country?I hope you canenjoy yourself.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours,JayBMy Mother Has ChangedMy mother is 42 years old.She is a
41、good mother.Recently,my fiither and Ifound that my mother has changed a little.She used to be very kind and gentle,smiles were always on her face.But nowshe gets angry easily and seldom smiles,she even gets upset if I speak too loud.In thepast,she would smile and say“It doesnt matter if I made mista
42、kes.Now,if I dosomething wrong,even it is a minor mistake,she will shout at me and will tell me alot of44You should In the next few days,she will talk about my mistakes angrily.I am really worried about my mother,is she ill?I really miss my kind and gentlemother.cMy ChildhoodI spent my childhood in
43、a small city.There was a small river in the south of the city.My father used to take me thereto catch fish on weekends.When we were tired,we always slept for a while under thebig tree.At that time,weekends were a happy time for children.My little friends and Iused to climb up the trees to play even
44、it was dangerous.When I was very young,I was afraid to sleep alone because I used to be afraid ofthe mouse,I thought they would bite me and take away my toys.I was really a littlefool then.I have a happy and colorful childhood.It is the best part of my memory.【重点结构和句型展示】A.原 汁 原 味（课本重点结构和句型）1.1 used
45、to be afraid of the dark.我过去害怕黑暗。2.He used to cause a lot of trouble.他过去常惹很多麻烦。3.1 don,t worry about tests.我不为考试担忧。4.My biggest problem is that I m too busy.我最大的问题是我现在太忙了5.Before I started high school,I used to spend a lot of times playing games with myfriends.在我上中学之前，我常常花很多时间和朋友们一起做游戏。6.She also to
46、ld me that though my father was no longer with us,he was watching me,and would take pride in everything good I d o.她还告诉我说，即使爸爸不再和我们一起生活，他还在注视着我，并且为我所做的每件好事而自豪。B.精彩例句拓展1.1 am terrified of being alone in the house.我害怕一个人呆在屋里。2.1 didnt used to like Beijing opera./I used not to like Beijing opera.过去我不喜欢
47、京剧。3.Did you use to like documentary?过去你喜欢纪录片吗？4.1 am not used to getting up so early.我不习惯这么早起床。5.She is worried about her sons health.她为儿子健康状况感到担心。6.The fact is that he didnt help us at a ll.事实上他根本没有帮助我们。7.He is busy writing.他在忙于写作。My mother is always busy with housework.我妈妈经常忙于干家务活。8.He is no long
48、er young.He is over fifty.他不再年轻，他已经 50 多岁了。9.Chinese people are proud of Shenzhou V I.中国人民为“神州六号 感到自豪。【原创习作点评】（改自江苏省南通市中考题）请你按照下面表格的提示，写一篇题为“Changes inMy Hometown”的英语短文，开头已给出。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _内容要点过旧房子现高楼河水肮脏河水清澈去步行、骑自行车上班在乘公交车、开小汽车上班要求：1.以今昔整体对比的方式写一篇短文；2.或者以单项对比的方式
49、写一篇短文；3.词数：80词 左 右（包括已经写出的单词）。Changes in My HometownOver the past 10 years,great changes have taken place in my hometown.In the past,分析：本篇作文的题目和要点已经给定，有两种写法，一是今昔整体对比，也就是先说明过去的总体情况，再说明现在的总体情况；二是单项对比，也就是先说明过去的房子是什么样子的，而现在的房子是什么样子的，按照不同的比较项目逐一列举。最后也可通过对比，表达自己对家乡变化的喜悦之情或对家乡的热爱。在选词方面，同学们可灵活运用本单元重点结构used
50、to do/be或there used tobe/do,注意正确使用一般过去时。习 作1：Over the past 10 years,great changeshave taken place in my hometown.In thepast,the houses were very old.Theriver used to be very dirty.People used towalk or ride bikes to work.But nowthings are different.Many people live in教师点评这是以今昔整体对比方式写的一篇习作。得分点（1）完整地将