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1、l.patvt.touch sb.or sth.lightly and repeatedly with a flat hand 轻拍The teacher patted the student on his shoulder.The little boy felt uncomfortable whenever people pattedhim on the head.2.promisinga.showing signs of being successful in the future 有前途的；有希望的a promising studenta promising company3.amusi
2、nga.able to make people laugh or smile;interesting 有趣的amusing answersHe didnt find it amusing at all.4.1owervt.1.reduce sth.in amount,price,degree,strength,etc.减少；降低The price will be lowered from$150 to$100 to attract morecustomers.Would you please lower your voice?5.approximatelyad.about;nearly 大约，
3、大概She has lost approximately 10 pounds.The train will arrive in approximately five minutes.6.fussv.(about,over)complain over small matters(因 d、事)抱怨；小题大做Im afraid youre fussing too much about your health.Dont fuss;we will solve this problem for you immediately.n.sing.,U a lot of unnecessary worry or
4、excitement aboutsth.小题大做；大惊小怪Why are you making so much fuss over losing 100 yuan?7.rebelvi.(against)fight against sb.in authority or against an idea orsituation造反;反叛；反抗The poor rebelled against the emperor.Her parents wanted her to become a doctor,but she rebelled.n.C a person who rebels造反者，反叛者,反抗者
5、rebellious8.bachelorn.1.C an unmarried man 未婚男子I dont like the idea of getting married,so I will remain abachelor all my life.She rented a bachelor flat.2.C a first university degree 学士(学位)a Bachelor of Science理学士a Bachelor of Arts文学士9.stackvt.put things so that they stand one on top of another 堆放Th
6、e postman was stacking the packages up against the wall.The floor is stacked with boxes.10.assertvt.state or declare sth.firmly 断言；声称Ada asserted that the short man was the one who attackedher that night.The man asserted his innocence.11.swear(swore,sworn)vi.(at)curse 咒骂The boss swore at the waitres
7、s.The man swore at the dog.vt.make a promise to do sth.发誓The maid swore she would never tell the secret to anybody.12.outburstn.C a sudden expression of a strong emotion,esp.anger 爆发an outburst of weeping 阵抽泣声an outburst of laughter一阵哄然大笑。13.frownvi.make an angry,unhappy,or confused expression,movin
8、gthe eyebrows together 皱眉Jim frowned at the noises from outside.The boss frowned all the time。14.rankvi.have a particular position in a list of people or things 位于等 级(或 地 位)Our success in research ranked as one of the greatestachievements in this field.rankingn.C a position on a scale that shows how
9、 good sb.or sth.iswhen compared with others 排名；级别He has the poorest ranking in his class.他在班里排名最后。1.in sb.s presence/in the presence of sb.in the same place as sb.有某人在场This young man always seems nervous in my presence.You should be a gentleman in the presence of ladies.2.by no means(used to emphasi
10、ze a negative statement)not at all 决不，决非I will by no means tell the secret to him.He is by no means the richest person in this area.3.count ondepend o n 依靠；依赖；指望You cannot count on others for your own future.You can always count on him;he is such a reliable e uponmeet sb.or find sth.by chance 偶然遇见；偶
11、然发现I came upon my favorite singer at the airport.We came upon a shabby wooden house in the middle of thewood.5.pack intoput in a very small place 塞进；使挤入She was trying to pack everything into the cupboard.Susan packed her belongings into two suitcases and left.6.sing outshout or sing some words clear
12、ly and loudly（大声清晰地）喊 出（或唱出）We all sang out our wishes for the future at the top of themountain.在山顶，我们都大声说出了对未来的期望。Joan sang out her plan,believing that it was much betterthan others.7.reflect onthink deeply about;consider carefully 仔名田考虑After reflecting on the problem for some time,he worked outa solution.Each time she reflected on the good old days,she couldnthelp complaining about her present difficulties.