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1、考研核心词汇choice/tFC is/n.选择,抉择,精选品,选择机会,选 择 权adj.精选的,上等的,挑三拣四的,可选的,宠爱的,爱惜的 例She had to make a choice between the two dresses.她得在两件衣服中选择一件。IR15C alternative,cream,decision,option,pick,preference,selection 派生choose/tFu:z/v.选择,选定 固定搭配at ones own choice随意挑选,自由选择;be choice o f好挑剔的;utmost/5QtmEust/n.极限,最大可能,
2、极 力adj.极度的,最远的 例the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角 同义extreme,farthest.greatest,most 固定搭配at the utmost 至多;do ones utmost 尽全力;make the utmost of.充分利用;to the utmost竭力;尽力;reaction/ri(:)5AkFEn/n.反应,反作用,反动(力)例What is his reaction to your proposal?他对你的建议有什么反应?反义action/5AkFEn/n.动作,作用,战斗,行动,举动,行为,(戏剧或书中)的情节,(
3、某一地区、领域或团体中)最能产生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活动v t.对起诉 派生react/ri5Akt/vi.起反应,起作用,反抗,起反作用reactive/ri(:)5Aktiv/adj.反应的,起反作用的,反动的,电抗性的interfere/7intE5fiE/v i.干涉,干预,妨碍,打扰 例I was playing with Jane,but Anne interfered and spoiled the game.我正在和珍妮玩,可是安妮插了进来,把游戏给打乱了。同义arbitrate,encroach,intercede,interrupt,intervene,intrude
4、,meddle 派生interference/7intE5fiErEns/n.冲突,干涉 固定搭配interfere in干涉,干预;interfere w ith妨碍;干涉,干扰;comprehension/7kCmpri5henFEn/n.理解,包含 例Reading depends on the comprehension of the ideas expressed by the words used.阅读有赖于对所用词句所表达的含义的理解。同义apprehension 反义incomprehension/in7kCmpri5henFEn/n.不了解,不领悟 4 comprehensi
5、ve/7kCmpri5hensiv/adj.全面的,广泛的,能充分理解的,包容的comprehend/7kCmpri5hend/v t.领会,理解,包括(包含),由组成hence/hens/adv.因此,从此 例They grew up in the Sudan;hence their interest in Nubian art.他们在苏丹长大;由是产生了对努比亚艺术的兴趣 同义accordingly,away,consequently,elsewhere,from now onz later therefore 反义ago/E5人Eu/adv.以前的,以往的transmission/trA
6、nz5miFEn/n.播送,发射,传动,传送,传输,转播 UiJ transmission of news 消息的传播 同义sending.transport,transfer;broadcast 反义reception/ri5sepFEn/n,接待,招待会,接收 派生transmissible/trAnz5misEbl/adj.可传送的,可遗传的transmit/trAnz5mit/vt.传输,转送,传达,传导,发射,遗传,传 播vi.发射信号,发报inaccurate/in5Akjurit/adj.错误的,不准确的 例There is a slight inaccuracy in this
7、 design.这张设计图中有一点不大准确。同义incorrect,inexact 反义accurate/5Akjurit/adj.正确的,精确的 派生inaccuracy/in5AkjurEsi/n.错误indefinite/in5definit/adj.模糊的,不确定的,语 不定的 例an indefinite leave of absence对在场者的离席无明确限制的 同义broad,confused,general,hazy,indistinct,obscure,unclear;vagu R X definite/5definit/adj.明确的,一定的 派生 indefinitely
8、/in5definitli/adv.不确定地characterize/5kArIktEraIz/v t.表现的特色,刻画的性格 例This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。同义depict,describe,distinguish,picture,portray,represent 派生characterization/7kAriktErai5zeiFEn/n.描述,人物之创造assume/E5sju:m/v t.假定,设想,采取,呈现 例The queen assumed a velvet robe.
9、王后穿了一件天鹅绒长袍 同义adopt,believe,presume,put on,suppose,suspect R X conclude/kEn5klu:d/v.结束,终止,决定,作出结论v t.推断,断定,缔结,议定 派生assumed/E5sju:md/adj.假定的,假装的,装的restorative/ri5stC:rEtiv/adj.有助于复元的 n.滋补剂 例a restorative tonic有恢复作用的滋补品 派生restore/ris5tC:/v t恢复,使回复,归还,交还,修复,重建function/5fQNkFEn/n,官能,功能,作用,职责,典礼,仪式,数 函数v
10、i.(器官等)活动,运行,行使职责 例Growth is a function of nutrition.长身体是由营养决定的。同义act,ceremony,exercise,gathering,operate,perform 派生functional/5fQNkFEnl/adj.功能的 固定搭配public function盛大的公共集会,正式社交集会;social function盛大的公共集会,正式社交集会;purpose/5pE:pEs/n.目的,意图,用途,效果z决心,意志v t.打算,企图,决心 例He went to town with the purpose of buying
11、 a new television.他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。同义aim,design,determination,goal,intention,object 派生purposeful/5pE:pEsful/adj.有目的的 固定搭配on purpose故意地;有意地;to good purpose有益地,有成效地to little purpose or to no purpose几乎徒劳的,少有成效地deprivation/7depri5veiFEn/n.剥夺 例deprivation of civil rights 剥夺公民权 派生deprival/di5praivEI/n.剥夺dep
12、rive/di5praiv/v t.剥夺,使丧失fatal/5feitl/adj.致命的,重大的,命运注定的,不幸的,致命的,毁灭性的 例It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win itzz(Douglas MacArthur).不 抱赢的希望参加战争,那是必死无疑的(道格拉斯麦克阿瑟)。同义deadly,destructive,disastrous,fateful,important,killing 派生fatally/5feItEII/adv.致命地,宿命地,不幸地bacterial/bAktIErlEI/adj.细菌的 例ba
13、cterial diseases.细菌性疾病 派生bacteria/bAk5tiEriE/n.细菌immune/i5mju:n/adj.免疫的 例The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.罪犯被告知说,如果他协助警方,就可以免受惩罚。同义clear;exempt,free,resistant 反义liable/5Ebi/adj.有责任的,有义务的,易的,有倾向的,负有责任的,很有可能的susceptible/sE5septEbl/adj.易受影响的,易感动的,容许的n,(因缺
14、乏免疫力而)易得病的人 派生immunize/ImjU:naIz/v.使免疫,赋予免疫性crash/krAF/n.碰撞,坠落,坠毁,撞击声,爆裂声v.碰撞,坠落,坠毁,(指商业公司,政府等)破产,垮台 例The elephant crashed through the forest.大象冲进森林。同义break,shatter;smash,strike 派生crasher/krAFE(r)/n.猛击,不速之客 固定搭配on a crash basis紧 应 急地:with a crash轰隆一声;vitamin/5vaitEminz 5vi-/n.维他命,维生素 ij primary vita
15、min 维生素原 派生vitaminic/7vaitE5minik/adj,维他命的organic/C:5AAnik/adj.器官的,有机的,组织的,建制的 例an organic part 一个有机的组成部分 派生organism/5C:八EnizEm/n.生物体,有机体compound/5kCmpaund/n.混合物,化 化 合 物adj.复合的v.混合,配合 例If you take this action,it will only compound your problems.如果你这么做,只能徒然增加你的困难。同义complex,mixture,blend 派生compounding
16、/5kCmpaundiN/n,组合,混合maintenance/5meintinEns/n.维护,保持,生活费用,扶养 例He took a course to learn about car maintenance.他学习了汽车保养的课程。IzJZ abandonment/E5bAndEnmEnt/n.放弃 派生maintain/men5tein/v t,维持,维修,继续,供养,主张deficiency/di5fiFEnsi/n,缺乏,不足 例a nutritional deficiency 营养缺乏 同义shortage,insufficiency,lack,inadequacy weak
17、ness 派生deficient/di5fiFEnt/adj,缺乏的,不足的,不完善的 固定搭配make up for a deficiency补足亏空apparent/E5pArEnt/a d j.显然的,外观上的 例It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.很明显,他一点儿也不知道怎样修理小汽车。同义clear;evident,obvious,plain,seeming 反义hidden/5hidn/v.hide的过去分词adj.隐藏的 派生apparently/E5pArEntlI/adv.显然地arran
18、ge/E5reindV/v.安排,排列,协商 例In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order.词典里的词是按字母顺序编排的。同义adapt,catalog,classify,fit,organize,settle 反义derange/di5reindV/v t使错乱,扰乱,使精神错乱,使发狂disturb/dis5tE:b/vt.弄乱,打乱,打扰,扰 乱v.扰乱 派生arrangement/E5reindVmEnt/n.排歹ij,安排 固定搭配arrange fo r安排,准 备;arrange with sb.abo
19、ut sth.与某人商定某事;essential/i5senFEI/adj.本质的,实质的,基本的,提炼的,精华的n.本质,实质,要素,要点 例What is the essential difference between these two economic systems?这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?同义basic,fundamental,important,necessary,needed,required 派生essentiality/i7senFi5Aliti/n.本性,真髓,本质,重要性excess/ik5sesz 5ekses/n.过度,剩于,无节制,超过,超额adj.过度
20、的,额外的 例You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane.在飞机上你得付超重的行李费。同义additional,extra,surplus 反义deficiency/di5fiFEnsi/n.缺乏,不足 派生excessive/ik5sesiv/adj.过多的,过分的,额外 固定搭配in excess o f超过agency/5eidVEnsi/n.代理处,行销处,代理,中介 例agency general 总代理 同 义management,office,operation,work 派生agent/5eidVEnt/n.代理(商)swarm/
21、sw C:m/n.蜂群,一 大 群v.涌往,挤满,密集,成群浮游,云集 例The beach is swarming with bathers.海滩满是海浴的人。同义assemble,cluster;collect,crowd,gather;meet 固定搭配a swarm of 一群,一堆;swarm into 蜂拥而入:swarm with充满着,拥挤着;giant/5dVaiEnt/n.巨人,大力士,巨大的动物或植物,伟人,天才adj.庞大的,巨大的 例Shakespeare is a giant among writers.莎士比亚是位文坛巨匠。同义colossal,enormous,
22、gigantic,huge,immense,mammoth,monumental,反义diminutive/di5minjutiv/adj.小的,指小的,小型的n.小的人,指小辞,指小词,爱称dwarf/dwC:f/n.矮子,侏 儒v.(使)变矮小,派生giantlike/dValEntlalk/adj.巨人般的,巨大的disposable/dis5pEuzEbl/adj,可任意使用的 例Every disposable piece of equipment was sent to the fire.每一种可用的设备都被大火烧毁了 派生disposal/dis5pEuz曰/n.处理,处置,布置
23、,安排,配置,支配dispose/dis5pEuz/v.处理,处置,部 署v t.布置,安排,除去,使愿意fundamentally/fQndE5mentEII/adv.基础地,根本地 例She is fundamentally unsuited to office work.她根本不适合做办公室工作。同义primarily 派生fundament/5fQndEmEnt/n,基础,基本原理,臀部fundamental/7fQndE5mentl/adj.基础的,基 本 的n.基本原则,基本原理pension/5penFEn/n.养老金,退休金|J Some French farmers sugg
24、est that the Government pension off the older and less efficient famers”(E J Dionne,Jr)一些法国农夫向政府建议让那些年长的或工作效率低下的农夫领取退休金或补助金而退休(小E J迪翁)同义aid,allowance,assistance,grant,help,stipend 派生pensionable/penFLnEbl/adj.有资格领退休金的,可领退休金的loyal/5ICi曰/a d j.忠诚的,忠心的 例The people stayed loyal to their country.人民忠于他们的国家
25、。同义devoted,dutiful,faithful,obedient,true,trustworthy 反义disloyal/dis5ICi日/adj.不忠的,背叛的,不忠诚的 派生loyalty/5ICIEItI/n.忠诚,忠心industrialization/in7dQstriElai5zeiFn/n.工业化,产业化 例bring about industrialization 实现工业化 派生industrialize/in5dQstriElaiz/v t,使工业化 v i.工业化average/5AvEridV/n.平均,平均水平,平均数,海损adj.一般的,通常的,平 均 的v
26、 t.平均为,均分,使平衡,达到平均水平v i.买进,卖出 例What is the average rainfall for August in your country?你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少?同义fail;medium,middle,ordinary,passable,usual 反义maximum/5mAksimEm/n.最大量,最大限度,极大adj.最高的,最多的,最大极限的,minimum/5minimEm/adj.最小的,最 低 的n,最小值,最小化 派生averagely/5AvEridVli/adv.平均地,般地 固定搭配law of averages平均律;on(
27、an)average通常;按平均;widespread/5waldspredz-5spred/adj.分布广泛的,普遍的 例a widespread disease 一种流行病 派生widespreader/5waid5spredE/撒布装置misery/5mizEri/n.痛苦,苦恼,悲惨,不幸,穷困 例Misery loves company.同病相怜。同义distress 反义happiness/5hApinis/n.幸福,快乐 派生miserable/5mizErEbl/adj.痛苦的,悲惨的,可怜preceding/pri(:)5si:diN/adj.在前的,前述的 例the pre
28、ceding night 前一晚 同义previous,prior.former 派生precede/pri(:)5si:d/v,领先(于),在之前,先于abundance/E5bQndEns/n.丰富,充裕,丰富充裕 例The tree yields an abundance of fruit,这树结果甚多。同义plenty,profusion 反义lack/IAk/n.缺乏,短缺的东西v t.缺乏,没有,需 要v i.缺乏,没有 派生abundant/E5bQndEnt/adj.丰富的,充裕的,丰富,盛产,富于specialist/5speFEIIst/n.专门医师,专家 例a speci
29、alist in oncology 一个肿瘤科医生 同义expert 派生special/5speFEI/n.特派员,专车,专刊adj.特别的,特殊的,专门的,populace/5pCpjulEs/n.平民 例majority of the populace绝大多数平民百姓establish/is5tAbliF/vt.建立,设立,安置,使定居,使人民接受,确定v.建立 例The club has established a new rule allowing women to join.”俱乐部制定了一条新规章,允许妇女入会。”同义demonstrate,fix,found,organize,
30、prove,set,settle,show 反义demolish/di5mCliF/v t.毁坏,破坏,推翻,粉碎 派生establishment/is5tAbliFmEnt/n.确立,制定,设施,公司,军事组织d u e/d ju:/n.应得物、权力,复 应 付 款adj.应得的,应付的,正当的,预期的,(车、船预定)应到的 例Our thanks are due to him我们要感谢他。同义equitable,fail;fitting just,propei;rightful zsquare 反义undue/5Qn5dju:/adj.不适当的 固定搭配due t o因为;由引起;由于;d
31、iffer/5 difE/vi.不一致,不同 例Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation.汉语发音跟日语大不相同。S X coincide/7kEuin5said/vi.一致,符合 M 4 difference/5difErEns/n.差异,差别,分歧,争论,数 差额,差分adj.数 微分的,机 差动的 固定搭配agree to differ求同存异,彼此保留不同意见;beg to differ恕不苟同;differ from不同于;和不同;和意 见 不 致;differ in在方面不同;differ with sb.与某人意
32、见不同;stress/stres/n,重压,逼迫,压力,重点,着重,强调,重 音v t.着重,强调,重读 例I must stress that we havent much time,我必须强调我们没有多少忖间了。同义accent,emphasis,force,importance insistence,pressure,strain,tension 固定搭配stress out Slang极度受压经历如来自于工作的极端压力;appeal/E5pi:l/n.请求,呼吁,上诉,吸引力,要求v i.求助,诉请,要求vt.控诉 例The government is appealing to eve
33、ryone to save water.政府呼吁每个人节约用水。同义beg,entreat,implore,plead 派生appealing/E5pi:liN/adj.吸引人的,哀诉似的,恳求似的 固定搭配appeal t o向呼吁 请求;obtain/Eb5tein/v t.获得,得到 例I havent been able to obtain that book.我还没能得到那本书。同义acquire zearn,gain,get,procure,receive zsecure 反义lose/lu:z/vt.遗失,浪费,错过,输去,使失去,使迷路,使沉溺于v i,受损失,失败 派生obt
34、ainable/Eb5teInEb(E)l/adj,能得到的,可到手的insurance/in5FuErEns/n.保险,保险单,保险业,保险费 例A balanced diet is an insurance against malnutrition.均衡的食谱是防止营养不良的保证。派生insure/in5FuE/v t,给保 险v.确保consumption/kEn5sQmpFEn/n.消费,消费量,肺病 例The petrol consumption of the big car as very high.这辆大的小汽车耗油量很大。反义production/prE5dQkFEn/n.生产
35、,产品,作品,(研究)成果 派生consume/kEn5sju:m/v t.消耗,消费,消灭,大吃大喝,吸引v i,消灭,毁灭surplus/5sE:plEs/n.剩余,过剩,会计 盈 余adj.过剩的,剩余的v t.转让,卖掉 例Brazil has a big surplus of coffee.巴西有很多剩余的咖啡。同义additional,excess,extra,leftover;spare,superfluous,supplementary 反义deficit/5defisit/n.赤字,不足额 固定搭配operation surplus 营业盈余;overall surplus
36、总顺差;commodity/kE5mCditi/n.日用品 例Air conditioners are one of the many commodities that Japan sells abroad.空调是日本许多出口商品中的一种。同义article,product,wareimplement/5implimEnt/n.工具,器 具v t.贯 彻,实 现v.执行 例The committees decisions will be implemented immediately.委员会的决定将立即执行。同义apparatus,appliance zbring about,carry pl
37、ete,contraption 派生implementation/7implimen5teiFEn/n.执 彳 亍implementary/9ImplImentErl/adj.实施的,执行的fertilizer/5fE:ti7laizE/n.肥料(尤指化学肥料),动 受精媒介物 例He was not only a distinguished writer but a fertilizer of other talents.他不仅是个杰出的作家,而且还有使人获益的其它才干。派生fertilize/5f:talz/v t.施肥,使丰饶,使受精,使肥沃,使多产irrigation/7iri5Aei
38、FEn/n.灌溉,冲洗 例bring the farmland under irrigation 使农田水利化 派生irrigate/5iriAeit/v t.灌溉,修水利,冲洗伤口,使潮 湿v i.进行灌溉sufficient/sE5fiFEnt/adj.充分的,足够的 例Sufficient data have been collected for the building project.为这项建筑工程已经收集了充分的资料。同义adequate,ample,enough,plenty,satisfactory JS5C insufficient/7insE5fiFEnt/adj.不足的,
39、不够的 n.不足 派生sufficiency/sE5fiFEnsi/n.充足,自满,足量fund/fQnd/n.资金,基金 v.支助,投资 例public welfare fund 公益金 同 义assets,stock,supply 固定搭配in funds手头有钱;有资本;no funds存款不足(银行退回空头支票时用语);out of funds缺钱;slush fund职工文娱活动的资金;loan/lEun/n.(借出的)贷款,借 出v.借,借给 例The bank loaned me some money.银行借给了我一些钱。同义advance,give,lend 反义borrow/
40、5bCrEu/v.借,借入,借用 派生loanable/5IEunEbl/adj.可借出的ban/bB:n/n.禁 令v t,禁止,取缔(书刊等)例Smoking is banned in school.在学校禁止吸烟。同义bar;block,exclude,forbid,obstruct,outlaw,prohibit 反义approval/E5pru:vEI/n.赞成,承认,正式批准permission/pE(:)5miFEn/n.许可,允许witness/5witnis/n.目击者,证据,证明,证 词v t.目击,为作证,证明,表 明v i.作证,成为证据 例His tears witn
41、essed the shame he felt.他的眼泪说明他感到羞愧。同义behold,discern,glimpse,observe zperceive,see,sightprominent/5prCminEnt/adj.卓越的,显著的,突出的 例A single tree in a field is prominent.田地里一棵孤零零的树是很显眼的。同义celebrated,distinguished,eminent,famous,great.important 反义anonymous/E5nCnimEs/adj.匿名的 派生prominently/prCmlnEntll/adv.显著
42、地prominence/5prRmInEns/n,突出,显著,突出物significant/siA5nifikEnt/adj.有意义的,重大的,重要的 例a significant speech 意味深长的讲话 同义important 反义insignificant/7insiA5nifikEnt/adj.无关紧要的,可忽略的,无意义的 派生significance/siA5nifikEns/n.意义,重要性tighten/5taitEn/v.变紧,绷紧,拉紧 例Will you tighten this screw;its very loose.你把这个螺丝拧紧好吗,它太松了。反义loose
43、n/5lu:sn/v.解开,放松,松开 派生tightening/5taitniN/上紧,固定,紧密legal/5li:AEI/adj.法律的,法定的,合法 例a legal holiday 法定假日 同义admissible,authorized,just Jawful 反义illegal/i5li:AEI/adj.违法的,不合规定的 派生legality/li(:)5AA liti/n.合法,墨守陈规,法律上的义务chancellor/5tFB:nsEIE/n.长官,大臣 例the Lord Chancellor 大法官draft/drB:ft/n.草稿,草案,草 图v t.起草,为打样,
44、设 计v.草拟 例draft a N I I起草法案 同义ail;bill,call-up,check zdrawing,enlistment enrollment induction,note 派生drafting/5drB:ftiN/起草 固定搭配on draft散装的,直接汲取的从一个大容器中汲取的,如酒桶;committee/kE5miti/n.委员会 例Our club has a committee on entertainments.我们俱乐部有一个管理娱乐事宜的委员会。同义council.delegation,group 派生committeeman/kE mltlmEn/n.
45、委员protest/prE5test/n.主张,断言,抗 议v.主张,断言抗议,拒付 例The people made a protest about the rise in prices.人们对价格上涨提出抗议。同义challenge disapprove,dispute,dissent,object,squawk 反义agree/E5人ri:/v i.同意,赞成的意见,与一致,承认,适 合v t,同意 派生protestatory/prEJ testEtErl/adj.表示抗议(或异议)的privacy/5praivEsi/n.独处而不受干扰,秘密 例We must respect oth
46、ers privacy.我们应该尊重别人的隐私。同义cloister;hideaway,intimacy,isolation,retreat,sanctum,seclusion,secrecy 派生private/5praivit/adj.私人的,私有的,私营的,秘 密 的n.士兵convention/kEn5venFEn/n.大会,协定,习俗,惯例 例social conventions 社会习俗 派生conventional/kEn5venFEnl/adj.惯例的,常规的,习俗的,传统的verdict/5vE:dikt/n.律(陪审团的)裁决,判决,判断,定论,结论 例The verdic
47、t was that the prisoner was guilty.判决是犯人有罪。同义decision,decree,determination,finding,judgment,pronouncement 派生verdictive/v:dlktlv/n.v 罕 裁定用词,审判用语diffusion/di5fju:VEn/n,扩散,传播,漫射 例diffusion of light 光线的漫射 派生diffuse/di5fju:z/v,散播,传播,漫射,扩散,(使)慢慢混合adj.散开的,弥漫的diffusive/di5fju:siv/adj.散布性的,扩及的,普及的dominant/5d
48、CminEnt/adj.有统治权的,占优势的,支配的adj,生物显性的 例The right hand is dominant in most people.大多数人右手比左手有力。反义recessive/ri5sesiv/adj.退行的,逆行的J遗 隐 性 的n.隐性性状 派生dominance/5dRmInEns/n.优势,统治dominate/5dCmineit/v.支配,占优势pam phlet/5PAm flit/n.小册子 例a single-article pamphlet 单行本 同义booklet,brochure,folder Jeaflet 派生pamphleteer7
49、7PAmfli5tiE/n.小册子作者 v i.写小册子periodical/7piEri5Cdik日/adj.周期的,定 期 的n.期刊,杂志 例a weekly monthly periodical 周 月 刊 同义gazette,journal z magazine 派生periodically/9pIErICdlkLII/adv.周期性地,定时性地motion/5mEuFEn/n.运动,动作 v.运动 例She motioned to the waiter.他向侍者打了个手势。同义activity,doings,legislation,movement.proposal proposi
50、tion 反义inaction/in5AkFEn/n.无行动,不活动,无为,怠惰,迟钝 派生motionless/5mEJF(E)nlIs/adj.不动的,静止的 固定搭配go through the motions做姿态机械地做某事,显示出缺乏兴趣或投入;recognize/5rekEAnaiz/v t.认可,承认,公认,赏 识v i.具结 例I dont recognize this word-what does it mean?我不认识这个单词,它的意思是什么?同义accept,acknowledge,admit,allow,appreciate,behold,know,realize