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1、英语试题 第页(共 10 页)2023 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟)英语2023.5本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分 120 分。考试用时 100 分钟。注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分 50 分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D
2、 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AHere is a shortened list of books planned by TIME and TIME for Kids that are suitable for elementary schoolers.To make the list,we asked for submissions from climate and education experts.We then considered how age-appropriate the material was,and whether the tone and story line left
3、the reader feeling engaged and empowered rather than anxious or overwhelmed.WE ARE WATER PROTECTORSBy Carole Lindstrom;illustrated by Michaela GoadeA tribute(致敬)to native tribes that are protecting the planet,this book metaphorically shows the harms of oil pipelines.Kids will see the value of commun
4、ity action,while adults will recognize the story of the Standing Rock Siouxs fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline.THE BOY WHO HARNESSED THE WINDBy William Kamkwamba and Bryan Mealer;illustrated by Elizabeth ZunonThe picture-book edition of this memoir recounts the authors teenage experience buil
5、ding a windmill from scrap materials during an extreme drought an inspiring tale for future clean-energy engineers.THE LORAXBy Dr.SeussThanks to its rhyme and fanciful illustrations,this classic tale is suitable for young children who can grasp the scarcity of natural resources,and also older kids w
6、ho can see a danger in valuing 1英语试题 第页(共 10 页)profits over long-term environmental harm.CLIMATE CHANGE,THE CHOICE IS OURSBy David Miles;illustrated by Albert PinillaEvery left page defines a climate-change issue while every right page features a spin wheel,giving kids the“choice”of how we can eithe
7、r address the problem or worsen it.1.Whose book will you prefer if you want to be a wind energy engineer?A.Bryan Mealer.B.David Miles.C.Michaela Goade.D.Dr.Seuss.2.Which book guides readers to make options about enviornment protection?A.THE LORAX.B.WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS.C.THE BOY WHO HARNESSED THE
8、 WIND.D.CLIMATE CHANGE,THE CHOICE IS OURS.3.What do the four books have in common?A.They are intended for kids in the kindergarten.B.The plots are mysterious and get the readers involved.C.Their materials are edited by climate and education experts.D.They are about environment protection and have pi
9、ctures attached.BOn a tram smoothly pulling into the heart of Luxembourg City,Marck gives a smile and takes a look at the fabric of the seat next to him.For him,the citys trams are more than just transport.More even than the focus of his job.They are about transforming his country and,perhaps,changi
10、ng the world.Marck is the director general of Luxtram,Luxembourgs modern trams.It first started running services two years ago.Next year,Luxembourg will become the worlds only country to get rid of fares on all its forms of public transport.Luxembourg s traffic problems come from its army of workers
11、.The population of the capital city almost doubles during the working day,when more than 110,000 people travel in and out.After three decades when its roads have become so crowded,Luxembourg is going to do something remarkable.Free fares,and a plan to persuade people to switch from cars to trams or
12、trains.Marck,along with many others,is excited to see what happens next.“The fact that this is free means that everyone can use it young or old,rich or poor,”he said.“Everyone can say to themselves it s better to leave the car at home.We must continue to improve and extend the network.It must always
13、 be comfortable,well-connected,efficient.”2英语试题 第页(共 10 页)Lydie Polfer,the citys mayor,says she hopes to reach the point where more than a third of people come into the city using public transport at the moment,its less than one in five.She said,“It s not practical to ban cars because some people,li
14、ke the elderly,need them.But everyone has to be aware that he or she can do something to improve the situation.There is an expression in German you are not in the traffic jam you are the traffic jam,and that is true.I think that making it free will be the biggest arguments for people to use public t
15、ransport.”4.Why does Marck think the citys trams are more than just transport?A.The trams are his goal that he strives for.B.There are more means of transportation than trams.C.Citys trams bring more changes beyond transport.D.The trams are the heart of Luxembourg City transport system.5.What does p
16、aragraph2 mainly talk about?A.The cause of the traffic problems.B.The means of public transport.C.The development of running services.D.The increase of working population.6.What concerns people most when using the public transport?A.The convenience.B.The fare.C.The comfort.D.The efficiency.7.What ca
17、n be inferred from what Lydie Polfer said?A.The elderly neednt use public transport.B.Its possible to persuade most people to use the trams.C.Everyone can do his part to improve transport situation.D.Those who dont take public transport cause traffic jams.CHave you ever wished you could be better or
18、ganised or more sociable?Perhaps you re a constant worrier,and youd prefer to be a little more carefree?Many surveys show that at least two-thirds of people would like to change some elements of their personality.In the past,such desires appeared to be unachievable.Like the proverbial leopard that c
19、ould never change its spots,our virtues and flaws were believed to be woven into the fabric of our minds.Recent scientific research,however,proves this expectation of personalitys permanence wrong.With the right psychological strategies and enough effort,many people can successfully shape their core
20、 personalities into what they desire.Our genes almost certainly play a role:its why peoples personalities often reflect their biological parents ones.The influence of our social environment was thought to end in early adulthood,as the brain reached maturity.If this were true,it wouldn t be possible
21、to shift 3英语试题 第页(共 10 页)personality at will.Yet that is exactly what psychology professor Nathan Hudson and his colleagues have shown with a series of groundbreaking studies.The interventions in their studies typically involve arranging regular activities that reflect the personalities people wish
22、to adopt.A quiet person who wished to be more outgoing,for example,might have the goal of introducing themselves to a stranger once a week,or making small talk with the cashier at their local supermarket.The aim is for the thinking patterns and behaviours they generate to become habitual.In the firs
23、t trial,provided participants actually completed those arranged tasks,their personalities shifted in the desired direction.Similarly exciting results could be seen in a later trial.The differences of participants personalities before and after the intervention were still apparent three months after
24、the experiment had ended.As Aristotle argued more than 2,300 years ago,we become what we repeatedly do.The unexpected plasticity of our minds should be good news for anyone who wishes they were a bit more sociable,organised,or happy-go-lucky.Another potential benefit is that awareness of this resear
25、ch could help improve mental health.8.Why is“leopard”mentioned in paragraph2?A.To explain that our minds consist of virtues and flaws.B.To show the similarity between leopards and human beings.C.To prove a possibility that people can change their personality.D.To demonstrate the previous belief that
26、 personalities remain fixed.9.What can be inferred about the“interventions”?A.The two trials reached different conclusions.B.Activities are tailored to specific personalitites.C.The purpose is to better peoples personalities.D.Peoples personalities can be changed but cant last.10.What has Nathan Hud
27、sons team shown through their studies?A.The previous expectation of personalitys permanence was confirmed.B.The influence of our social environment ends when the brain matures.C.The desire to change some elements of our personality can be achieved.D.Our genes play a greater role in our personality t
28、han social environment.11.What is the best title for the text?A.We Are What We DoB.Habits Make Things EasierC.Your Personality Is Not Set In StoneD.A Leopard Never Changes Its Spots4英语试题 第页(共 10 页)DYou may have wondered how lavender is used for social anxiety.But first,just what is lavender?Lavender
29、,also known as English or garden lavender,is a herb native to the Mediterranean region.Historically,lavender was used to mummify bodies in Egypt,in baths in Greece and Rome,and for curing the broken skin and mental health purposes.Today,lavender is used as a traditional or complementary remedy for r
30、elaxation,to reduce anxiety,and depression,as well as for diseases such as stomach upset and headaches.No scientific studies have specifically examined the benefits of lavender use for social anxiety disorder.In a 2000 study,Cook and Ernst reported that in general,aromatherapy(芳香疗法)is helpful in red
31、ucing anxiety and stress in the short-term.A 2012 study also showed some evidence of the usefulness of lavender taken for anxiety.More research is needed to support the use of lavender for the treatment of social anxiety disorder.Lavender is usually used in the form of an essential oil as part of ar
32、omatherapy.The scent is inhaled,or the oil is applied to the skin,which will benefit the anxious people quickly.Dried lavender can also be used to make a tea or liquid extract.Lavender may also be taken in pill form.Lavender tea can be made by using 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried leaves for 15 minutes in
33、 a cup of boiling water.In liquid extract form,no more than 60 drops of lavender should be taken in a day.Before taking lavender in liquid form,you should read the product label and discuss the dose with a qualified health care provider.There is not enough scientific evidence to safely recommend lav
34、ender for children younger than 18 years.Lavender taken by mouth has the potential to increase the risk of bleeding.If you suffer from a bleeding disorder or are taking medicine that may increase bleeding,use caution when taking lavender.12.What can we know about lavender from paragraph1?A.It can he
35、lp deal with mental health problems.B.It was used to preserve dead bodies in Greece.C.It was used to cure stomach upset and headaches.D.It is a herb introduced into the Mediterranean region.13.What is the main idea of paragraph2?A.The treatment for social anxiety disorder.B.The history of aromathera
36、py reducing stress.C.The benefits of lavender used for mental disorder.D.The researches on the use of lavender for social anxiety.5英语试题 第页(共 10 页)14.How is paragraph3 developed?A.By collecting data.B.By making a list.C.By introducing concepts.D.By making comparisons.15.What can we learn about taking
37、 lavender from the text?A.It may worsen the bleeding.B.Its proved to be unsafe for kids of 14.C.Lavender in pill form functions better than that in liquid.D.A dose should be decided according to the product label.第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Being late is a
38、 tendency that some people cannot seem to shake.Many factors contribute to continual lateness,including time perception,time management and personality.We all know someone who never seems to be on time,whether its to a lunch date or a work meeting.16“It is likely that there s a mechanism in the brai
39、n that causes some people to be late for meetings because they underestimate the time it will take them to get there,”Hugo Spiers,a professor at University College London told Live Science.17 Research suggests that neurons in the hippocampus(海马体)acting as“time cells”contribute to our perception and
40、memory of events,but why exactly some people continually underestimate time is unclear.One factor may be how familiar we are with a space.For the 2017 study,Spiers asked 20 students who had newly moved to London to sketch a map of their college district and estimate travel times to different destina
41、tions.The students space estimates expanded if they knew an area well.18“If youre very familiar with a space,you start to discount the trouble it will take,”Spiers said.Another environmental factor may be crowdedness.In a 2022 study in the journal Virtual Reality,researchers asked participants to es
42、timate the length of more or less crowded simulated(模拟的)subway trips.They found that crowded commutes felt like they took 10%longer than less busy rides.19 20 Certain character features,such as reduced conscientiousness(责任心),can cause some people to forget tasks that they had planned ahead of time.6
43、英语试题 第页(共 10 页)A.Personality also plays a role in running late.B.That was linked to it being an unpleasant experience.C.We make time estimates based on how urgent the tasks are.D.However,their estimates of travel time contracted with familiarity.E.But is there a good explanation for why some people
44、are always late?F.A region of the brain,called hippocampus,processes some aspects of time.G.Thats because people who run late tell themselves and others they can be punctual.第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。It isnt every day that
45、 the future and the past meet on national television.Peter Davies,a 100-year-old World War II veteran from Macclesfield,England struggled to find 21 in his life after his wife passed away.22,when his daughter suggested he offer his help at the local elementary school,he decided to 23 it.Peter 24 at
46、Dean Valley Primary School,Bollington,and he is a huge hit with all of the children he tutors.He makes reading into a fun game,and his new 25 as a grandfatherly figure makes him feel more 26 to his community than ever before.“The kids are 27;they are like sponges(海绵).”said Peter.“Im sure I get more
47、out of it than the 28 do.Im not this old man who lives on his own.Im part of the 29,which is great.Plus my street 30 is extremely good because Ill be going 31 in the village and a child will shout out Hello Mr.Davies,and I feel 32.”In 2023,Peter received a British Empire Medal(BEM)from King Charles!
48、Now,33 being just famous locally,Peter is a national celebrity.He recently 34 on television with the youngest recipient of the BEM,18-year-old author and environmentalist Dara McAnulty.“He is the 35,I am the past,”Peter said of Dara.21.A.meaningB.wisdomC.standardD.courage22.A.MeanwhileB.Nevertheless
49、C.ThereforeD.Moreover23.A.proveB.exploreC.manageD.attempt24.A.worksB.volunteersC.registersD.engages7英语试题 第页(共 10 页)25.A.reputationB.statusC.postD.state26.A.connectedB.restrictedC.equalD.inferior27.A.flexibleB.naughtyC.patientD.great28.A.heroesB.humansC.childrenD.adults29.A.societyB.populationC.commu
50、nityD.nation30.A.reactionB.effortC.devotionD.credit31.A.anywhereB.nowhereC.somewhereD.elsewhere32.A.gratefulB.honoredC.ambitiousD.surprised33.A.in addition toB.instead ofC.due toD.in spite of34.A.appearedB.performedC.advertisedD.shared35.A.prospectB.trendC.presentD.future 第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 15