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1、高考外刊语法填空2第一篇It is one of the defining attributes of being human: when 1 (compare) with our closest primate relatives, we have incredibly large brains.Now scientists 2（shed）light on the reasons for the difference by collecting cells from humans, chimps and gorillas and turning them into lumps of brai
2、n in the laboratory. Tests on the tiny” brain organoids reveal a hitherto unknown molecular switch that 3 (control) brain growth and makes the human organ three times larger than brains in the great apes.Tinker 4 the switch and human brain loses its growth advantage, while great ape brain can be mad
3、e to grow more like that in the human.“5 we see is a difference in cellular behavior very, very early on that 6 (allow) the human brain to grow larger,” said Dr Madeleine Lancaster of the Medical Research Councils Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge.” We are able to account for almost all o
4、f the size difference.”The healthy human brain typically reaches about 1,500cc in adulthood, roughly three times the size of the gorilla brain, at 500cc, 7 the chimp brain at 400cc.But working out why has been difficult, not least because 8_(develop) human and great ape brains cannot easily be studi
5、ed.Lancaster and her colleagues collected cells, often left over from medical tests or operations, 9 humans, gorillas and chimps, and reprogrammed them into stem cells. They then grew these cells, in a study published in Cell, encouraging them to turn into brain organoids-little lumps of brain tissu
6、e a few millimetres wide. Weeks later, the human brain organoids were by far the largest, and close examination revealed 10 . In human brain tissue, so-called neural progenitor cells-which go on to make all of the cells in the brain-divided more than those in great ape brain tissue. Mathematical mod
7、elling showed the difference happens so early on in brain development that it leads to a near doubling in the number of neurons in the adult human cerebral cortex compared with in great apes.Key pared 2.have shed(shed light on固定搭配，意为：阐明，使清楚地显出)3.controls4.with 固定搭配5.What 主语从句6.allows7.and8.developin
8、g9.from10.why Word bank: attribute v把归因于n.属性；标志 Organoid n.细胞团，类器官early on在早期；从事，经营第二篇 Something exotic happened to me the other day. I got dressed in heels and a midnight-blue silk shirt, and left the house to go somewhere. I 1 (teach) my first in-person class in nearly a year. I am in an unfamilia
9、r classroom, 2 the university moved our small seminar to a large sterile room to allow for social distancing. Instead of being around one big table with coffee cups and granola bar wrappers crinkling, we sit at desks 3 (space) at an unnatural distance. Some of the details of our Covid-era ambience m
10、ight be objectively off-putting: the masks, a giant tub of unusually rubbery and unpleasant hand sanitizer, a huge screen projecting one student 4 Zoom from a pink room. Yet I feel a little like I have walked into the greatest party of my life. I feel in an instant what is lost over Zoom: the sense
11、of being together in the same space, working 5 out.How do you pin down the indescribable energy in the room? We are talking about Virginia Woolf. A quiet student talks. The jumping in is natural. Conversation stirs. You 6 feel people thinking.Something mysterious happens. It is physical. It is an en
12、ergy you can fake or aspire to but never actually have in a Zoom class. You can cover your material. You can make an interesting point. But the feeling of a live class can never 7 (reproduce), and the effort of trying or hoping for it exhausts you, depresses you and diminishes you in tiny but cumula
13、tive ways.8 a Zoom class I always thought, “Now that wasnt so terrible.” I was too relieved at the okayness, the perfectly adequate effort at continuity, to fully allow myself to investigate or inhabit the lack. The feeling 9 Zoom is “fine” entailed a surrender to the barest bones of education, a te
14、rrible settling.In the book we are discussing, “A Room of Ones Own,” Virginia Woolf writes of the “profound, subtle and subterranean glow, which is the rich yellow flame of rational intercourse. No need to hurry. No need to sparkle. No need to be anybody but oneself.”Pauses are important. They 10 (f
15、ill) with information. I cannot feel that on screen. Pauses are blank on screen, and because they are blank I fill them right away and there arent any.But in the classroom, I can feel when it is time to push farther into an idea. I can feel which students have something to say. I have not understand
16、 how much of teaching takes place outside of words. I can feel when it is time to elaborate a point, take a break, switch modes. Key 1.was teaching 2.because3.spaced4.over5.something6.can7. be reproduced8.After9.that10.are filledWord bank: diminish v.减弱 in an instant 瞬间，马上 pin down 确定；阻止第三篇The pande
17、mic summons memories of a childhood illess and a reminder of the wondrous challenges of parenting .I spent my fourth birthday in the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. I remember they had two cakes 1 another sick child-his name was Bruce, and he was turning 7-had the same birthday. One cake was fro
18、sted half blue, half pink, the other all yellow.Im guessing that I actually liked hearing the word” encephalitis “ over and over as the big people around me said it to each other in the days and nights 2 my 1957 birthday; it has a cool percussive sound. In a small room with blue light, they 3 (put)
19、a lot of glue or something in my hair, and there had been a machine with lots of squiddy arms with button ends, which they attached to my head. I was frightened. My mother tried to explain it to me, but they needed her to be quiet. She couldnt be there all the time; my two older sisters and my baby
20、sister at home needed her too. And I remember my co-birthday friend Bruce 4 (look) out for me, putting his arm around me, reassuring me, distracting me.There are those who, 5 this kind of early experience of illness and hospitals, would go into medicine. Im not one of them. I have a friend who is od
21、dly grateful for the pandemic because, had his family not been isolated at home last April, his 11-year-old daughter would 6 (die). Samantha had been reading in her room; her father had been in a virtual meeting downstairs. Her sister had come running, yelling that something was really wrong with Sa
22、m. Her dad sprinted to find her in a violent seizure, eyes rolled back; a silent abnormality in her brain had sparked a sudden calamity. Rushed to Yale New Haven Hospital and into impossibly complex and skillful surgery, she is now alive and well, with part of her skull 7 (replace) by a 3-D printed
23、piece. She is determined to be a pediatric brain surgeon. Shell be good at it.Looking back at my 40-8 years of making cards and books and music and such, it seems Ive been determined to do in my own life what 7-year-old Bruce so kindly did for me: offer lively, distracting reassurance. Ive been cont
24、riving a benevolent world for my child-self, and for other unsettled children.But in this past unpredictable year, seeing so many essential workers steadily doing their essential work, Ive felt some uneasiness about being, essentially, non-essential. Nevertheless, Ive been hyper-productive, if for n
25、o more noble reason than preserving my own sanity. (“I dont have time to think about mortality! I have a Find the Hidden Cows jigsaw puzzle to draw!”) Ive worried sometimes 9 maybe my quixotic, upbeat art has the wrong tone these days. But there was nothing else I wanted to do.Then, out of the blue,
26、 I got this message from a valued, worried friend:” We often readNight-Night, Little Pookieat bedtime, and I think every time about what it means to get my trusting little miracle girl off to bed when its not gentle winds blowing above her, but a bitter and frightening gale.”This startled me, and of
27、fered a kind of illumination as to the “Why do it?” of things. Picturing this gentle, protective father with his miracle daughter, I see and remember what parents do, and 10 wondrous and difficult that can be, and how important it is . This is why we make birthday cakes, and light the candles. Key 1
28、.because2.before3.had put4.looking5.with6.have died7.replaced8.whatever9.that10.howWord bank: sprint n.冲刺 v.冲刺 contrive v.谋划，设计第四篇A year ago, Aaron Gordon supposed it was all over for his restaurant under tight restrictions in Washington, DC. The city had ordered restaurants to close for eat-in dini
29、ng. 1 a surge in orders for takeout and delivery soon pushed his takings back up. Sensing an opportunity he searched for a site to launch a takeout and delivery-only business. Ghostline DC, a vast kitchen 2 space for six business to cook and box up food, is still going strong, he says, even as the c
30、ity begins to let restaurants reopen.Covid-19 has been calamitous for many restaurants across America, as elsewhere. But for some it 3 (present) an opportunity. Just as the pandemic has speeded up a trend in retail towards online sales, so has it hastened the rise of “ghost restaurants”, which offer
31、 food but no tables to eat it at. Uber Eats says it now has more than 10,000 delivery-only restaurants 4 its platform in America, up from 3,000 in 2019.Big restaurant groups 5 (launch) delivery-only operations. In February, Applebees launched Cosmic Wings, one of several chains with delivery-only ch
32、icken wings. Dennys, another national chain, is launching two virtual brands from its kitchens.But smaller, independent outfits have been the nimblest. When the owners of Espita, a high-end restaurant serving Oaxacan food in Washington, 6 (realise) that survival depended on takeout but that much of
33、its fare, from ceviche to tacos, did not travel well, it started a side-hustle in burgers. “We hoped it 7 (allow) us to keep on our staff,” says Josh Phillips, a co-owner. Ghostburger now makes nearly as much as the core business did before the pandemic. Steve Salis is about to open a takeout and de
34、livery-only food hall in Bethesda, with kitchen space for several of his restaurant business. He hopes Ensemble, 8 it will be called, will show how such models allow brands to set up outposts in new areas.The delivery-only model has its drawbacks. Restauranteurs routinely use the word “hate” when th
35、ey talk about the third-party delivery apps 9 they depend to reach customers. Though some cities, including Washington, imposed limits on the fees such apps could charge restaurants during the pandemic, they take a chunk of the savings restaurants make by going virtual. Because drivers stack orders
36、in one geographical area together, to maximise efficiency, restaurants have to assume each other will sit in a car for an hour before it reaches the customer.And the delivery model tends to miss out on lucrative alcohol sales. Americans love the convenience of ordering food. But the pandemic 10 （rem
37、ind）many that they can mix a cocktail perfectly well, and a lot more cheaply, at home.Key 1.But2.with3.has presented4.on5. are launching6.realised7. would allow8.as9. upon which10. has remindedWord bank: maximise v.把增加到最大限度 calamitous adj.灾难的，悲惨的 hasten v.促进 stack n.一堆 v.使成整齐的一堆第五篇That throbbing hea
38、dache just wont go away and your mind is racing about what might be wrong. It turns out googling your symptoms may not be as ill-advised 1 once thought.2 some doctors advise against turning to the internet before making the trudge up the clinic, a new study suggests that researching symptoms online
39、may not be harmful after all, 3 could lead to modest improvements in diagnosis.Using “Dr Google” is controversial, with fears that it can lead to inaccurate diagnoses, bad advice 4 where to seek treatment, and increased anxiety.Previous research into the subject 5 (limit) to observational studies of
40、 internet search behavior, so researchers from Harvard sought to empirically measure the association of an internet search with diagnosis, triage, and anxiety by presenting 5,000 people in the US with a series of symptoms and 6 (ask) them to imagine someone close to them was experiencing the symptom
41、s.The participants were made up of roughly equal numbers of men and women with 7 average age of 45. They were asked to provide a diagnosis based on the given information, which ranged from mild to severe, and described common illnesses such as viruses, heart attacks and stroke. Then , they looked up
42、 their case symptoms on the internet and again offered a diagnosis. Participants also 8 (ask) to select a triage level, ranging from “let the health issue get better on its own” to calling emergency services, and to record their anxiety levels.The results showed a sharp increase in diagnosis accurac
43、y, which was 49.8% 9_ the search and rose to 54% after the search . However, there was no difference in triage accuracy, or anxiety, the authors wrote in the journal JAMA Network Open.About three-quarters of the study participants were able to identify the severity of a situation, and appropriately
44、choose when to seek care.The lead author, Dr David Levine, of the Boston-based Brigham and Womens hospital and Harvard medical school, added that people with prior health experience, including women, older adults and those with poor reported quality of life were” hands-down” better at diagnosis.He s
45、aid the findings suggested that medical experts and policymakers probably did not need to steer patients away from the internet when it came to seeking health information and self-diagnosis or triage. Instead, using the internet was likely to help patients figure out what was wrong. “We did not obse
46、rve the often-touted cyberchondria. That is, after search, folks were not more anxious and heading to the emergency room for care. Many physicians believe that using the internet to search for ones symptoms is a bad idea and this provides some evidence that is unlikely the case,” he said. “Searchers
47、 for the most part did not use poor sources of information such as that forums or social media. This similarly refutes the idea that folks who search the internet are obtaining bad advice from poor data sources.”Marcantonio Spada, an academic psychologist at London South Bank University who has researched cyberchondria, said the study highlighted the benefits of internet searching when confronted with health symptoms.” The question remains as to how much interest searching is enough to reach the goal of understanding 10 the health symptom is about. The absence of a stop signal