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1、英语简单句的五种基本句型英语简单句的五种基本句型目录CONTENTS01句子成分句子成分02基本句型基本句型03There beThere be句型句型PART 01句子成分句子成分句子成分表语宾语谓语定语状语补语主语主语主语宾语宾语表语表语谓语谓语动词或动词词组跟在系动词后名词、代词、数词、不定式（todo）动名词（V-ing）、The+adj.定语定语补语补语状语状语地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。句子成分形容词、名词、数词、名词所有格、动名词、分词说明主语或宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。主语：主语：句子说明的人或事物Jane is
2、good at playing the piano.（名词）She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词）To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true.（句子）谓语：谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成They go shopping once a week.I saw the flag on the t
3、op of the hill.He has looked after the two orphans for five years.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词组成He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing 宾语宾语宾语宾语：动动作的作的对对象或承受者象或承受者及物及物动词动词或介或介词词的的宾语宾语Show your passport,please.（名词）She didnt say anything.(代词）How many do you want?-I want two.(数词)They sent the in
4、jured to hospital.(名词化的形容词)They asked to see my passport.（不定式）I enjoy working with you.（动名词）Did you write down what he said?（句子）表语表语：在在系系动词动词后的部分就是表后的部分就是表语语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.The fact is t
5、hat he doesnt really try.(表语从句)定语：定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句He is a clever boy.(形容词)His father works in a steel work.(名词)There are 54students in our class.(数词)Do you known bettys sister?(名词的所有格)He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)His spoken language is good.(过去分词)状语：状
6、语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.T
7、his book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.宾语补足语：宾语补足语：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me
8、 to lend her a hand.主语补足语：大部分形容词可作主语补足语，此外，还有名词、不主语补足语：大部分形容词可作主语补足语，此外，还有名词、不定式，分词，介词短语。定式，分词，介词短语。Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.（形容词）He was called Olive.（名词）He was seen to go upstairs.（不定式）Starting as a street vender,he is now a manager of a famous company.（分词）He came home out of humour.（介词短语）Be动
9、词+感官动词(look;sound;smell,taste;feel)+seem;look;appear;become;get;grow;turn;go;come;remain;keeptaste;smell etc.+句子成分1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）After he finished his homework,he went away.5）She wants a red rose.Exercises:Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构句子成分主系表主系表主谓宾
10、宾补状主谓主谓定宾()1.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and cold C.not wet and cold D.were wet and cold()2.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet()3.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()4.The actor _at the age of 70.A.dead B.died C.dyed D.deadedExercises:Exerci
11、ses:选择填空选择填空BDB B()5._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()6.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()7.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it C.that D.that is()8.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is
12、 being looked D.was lookedExercises:Exercises:选择填空选择填空ACBAPART 02基本句型基本句型基本句型1 13 35 54 42 2主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语基本句型基本句型 一+（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。eg:The flower is dead.He doesnt feel good.The trouble is
13、that I lost his address.基本句型 二+（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。eg:Time flies.They work hard.What he wants is a brand new computer.基本句型基本句型 三+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。eg:Plants need water.She cooked
14、 a meal.Im sure that he will come soon.基本句型基本句型基本句型 四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。eg:He gives me some seeds.My mom bought me a new school bag.基本句型基本句型 五+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只
15、跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。eg:We should keep the plants in the shade.They made me laugh out loud.按要求翻译，如有其他译法请写在第二行。1.1984年至1990年我在光明小学学习。（主+谓）_2.在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。（主+谓+宾）_3.当时他看起来不高兴。（主+系+表）_基本句型I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.I enjoy listening pop music and co
16、llecting stamps in my spare time.He looks unhappy at that time.4.去年王老师教我们英语。（主+谓+间宾+直宾）_5.当时我看到那些孩子在河边玩。（主+谓+宾+宾补）_Miss Wang taught us English last year.I saw those children playing at the riverside at that time.基本句型PART 03There be There be 句型句型There is+可数名词单数形式/不可数名词are+可数名词复数形式否定式：There be+not提问数量
17、的疑问句：Howmany+可数n.复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数n.单数+isthere+介词短语？eg:How many apples are there on the table?eg:How much water is there in the bottle?There be 句型There be 句型就近原则：就近原则：在therebe句型中，如果be后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are.如：1)Thereisabookandsomepensonth
18、efloor.2)Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.()1.There _ many new words in Lesson One.It is very easy.A.is B.arent C.isnt D.are()2.There is little _ in the fridge.Lets go and buy some.A.apples B.eggs C.vegetables D.milk()3.-There _ a concert this evening.-Yeah.Exciting news!A.are going to be B.is going to be C.is going to have D.will have()4.There _ any rice in the bowl.A.are B.is C.isnt D.arent()5.There_ not _ milk in the cup on the table.A.are,many B.are,much C.is,many D.is,muchThere be 句型BDBCDThank youThank you！