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1、UNIT 2 UNIT 2 MORALS MORALS AND VIRTUESAND VIRTUESGrammar FocusGrammar Focus动词ing形式作宾语补足语和状语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语Ving形式作宾语补足语，宾语与它之间构成主动关系，表示动作正在进行，强调过程或状态，常用于以下3种情况：1表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)，如：see/hear/feel/smell/find/notice/observe/look at/listen to.sb.doing sth.。When we returned to the school,we found a stran
2、ger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在门口。The teacher noticed a boy reading a novel in class.老师注意到一个男孩在课堂上读小说。2表示指使意义的使役动词，如：have/let/keep/get/leave.sb./sth.doing sth.。Lets hurry up.Dont keep them waiting for a long time.我们快点儿！不要让他们等很长时间。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑
3、来跑去。3用于with复合结构中。I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪声不断，我没法做家庭作业。With so many people looking at her,she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。即时演练1单句语法填空(1)When I passed by his office,I heard him (sing)a Chinese song.(2)When the little girl found so many people (surround)her,she felt very nerv
4、ous.(3)When I was on my way to school this morning,I saw two women (argue).singingsurroundingarguing(4)I love my school with students (work)hard to realize their dreams and teachers (help)us like our parents.(5)He had the walls (paint)this morning.workinghelpingpainted动词动词-ing形式是非谓语动词的一种，兼有形式是非谓语动词的
5、一种，兼有动词动词和和形容词形容词的特征，的特征，在句中可作表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语，一般表示在句中可作表语，定语，宾语补足语和状语，一般表示进行或进行或主动主动的意思。的意思。u动词动词-ing形式用作状语时，其形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语逻辑主语必须与必须与句子的主语一句子的主语一致致，动词，动词-ing形式所表示的动作和句子的主语是形式所表示的动作和句子的主语是主动关系主动关系。u动词动词-ing形式在句中可以作形式在句中可以作时间时间、原因原因、条件条件、让步让步、方式方式、伴随伴随和和结果结果状语。状语。动词动词-ing形式作状语形式作状语e.g.Seeing the police
6、,he made a run for the exit.一一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。分析分析：see的动作是由其逻辑主语的动作是由其逻辑主语“he”发出发出，与句子的主语，与句子的主语he一致，且构成一致，且构成主动关系主动关系，所以用，所以用动词动词-ing形式形式。将下面的时间状语从句改写成简单句。将下面的时间状语从句改写成简单句。When he walked out of the room,he saw a dog.Walking out of the room,he saw a dog.1.作时间状语作时间状语e.g.Being ill,he didnt g
7、o to school yesterday.因为因为生病了，他昨天没有上学。生病了，他昨天没有上学。分析分析:He is ill是是He didnt go to school的原因。的原因。be的逻辑主语的逻辑主语和句子主语是一致和句子主语是一致,主动关系。主动关系。Not knowing the way,he got lost.翻译句子翻译句子：由于不认路，他迷路了。：由于不认路，他迷路了。As he _,he got lost.didnt know the way动词动词-ing形式的否定式是在形式的否定式是在其前面加其前面加not。2.作原因状语作原因状语e.g.Turning to t
8、he left,you will see a school.向左转你就向左转你就会看到一所学校。会看到一所学校。If we _,we will succeed.翻译句子：翻译句子：努力学习努力学习,我们就会成功。我们就会成功。Studying hard,we will succeed.study hard3.作条件状语作条件状语e.g.Granting this to be true,we cannot explain it.虽然虽然我们承认这是事实，却无法予以说明。我们承认这是事实，却无法予以说明。Knowing it is difficult,I dont give up.翻译句子：翻译句
9、子：虽然知道它很难，我也不放弃。虽然知道它很难，我也不放弃。Although I _,I dont give up.know it is difficult4.作让步状语作让步状语e.g.You gave me such a fright creeping up on me like that!你你那样不声不响地从后面过来，吓我一跳！那样不声不响地从后面过来，吓我一跳！用动词用动词-ing形式作状语的结构翻译下列句子。形式作状语的结构翻译下列句子。1)请你用另一种方式回答问题。请你用另一种方式回答问题。2)她跑进屋里来。她跑进屋里来。Please answer the question usi
10、ng another way.She came running into the room.5.作方式状语作方式状语e.g.The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutting it.那那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上磕破了。He went abroad,leaving his uncle a big house.翻译句子：翻译句子：他出国了，留给他叔叔一间大房子。他出国了，留给他叔叔一间大房子。He went abroad and _his uncle a big house.left 6.作结果状语
11、作结果状语动词动词-ing形式做结果状语，是表示随着谓语动词所表示的动作形式做结果状语，是表示随着谓语动词所表示的动作的发生而产生的的发生而产生的自然结果自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况。所描述的情况。而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示而动词不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果出乎意料的结果，有时前，有时前面可以加面可以加only。e.g.We came home only to find our garden in a mess.He left,never to return.注意：注意：不一样的结果状语不一样的结果状语e.g.The littl
12、e boy went upstairs,trailing his teddy bear behind him.那个那个小男孩走上楼去，身后拖着他的玩具熊。小男孩走上楼去，身后拖着他的玩具熊。Emma was sitting in an armchair reading a book.Emma坐坐在一张扶手椅上看书。在一张扶手椅上看书。7.作伴随状语作伴随状语He lay on the grass and _ the sky.翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。他躺在草地上，凝望天空。他躺在草地上，凝望天空。He lay on the grass,staring at the sky.stared at
13、Notes:动词动词-ing形式作伴随状语、方式状语和结果状语时，形式作伴随状语、方式状语和结果状语时，通常可以转换成两个并列的简单句。通常可以转换成两个并列的简单句。课本课本P69 第二题第二题1.Frightened by the noise,Amy turned on all the lights in the house.2.While driving along the freeway,they noticed a kangaroo standing in the middle of the road.3.After watching the movie for ten minute
14、s,we felt so bored that we decided to leave.4.Coming out of my house,I saw the volcano erupting.课本课本P69 第二题第二题5.After turning fifteen,she became interested in travelling.6.Not waiting to be late,Sally ran to the subway station.7.Feeling tired,Tim went to bed as soon as he got home.8.After gathering
15、all his courage,he ran back into the burning house to rescue the child.即时演练2单句语法填空(1)(2021新高考全国卷读后续写)(see)the mess in the kitchen,he immediately understood what had happened.(2)(turn)to the right,you will find the house you are looking for.(3)The fire lasted nearly a month,(leave)nothing valuable.(4
16、)(live)miles away,he attended the lecture.(5)He lay in bed,(read)a novel.SeeingTurningleavingLivingreading(二)现在分词(短语)作状语的注意事项1现在分词的时态现在分词(短语)作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式（doing)。Walking along the street,I saw this bar.我正在大街上行走时，看到了这个酒吧。(Walking
17、和谓语动词saw同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式(having done)。Having finished the letter,he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(Having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)即时演练3单句语法填空(1)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,(make)air conditioning unnecessary.(2)(work)for three hours,he took a rest.(3)(liv
18、e)in Beijing for years,I almost know every place quite well.(4)(see)nobody at home,he decided to leave them a note.makingHaving workedHaving livedSeeing2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动语态还是被动语态，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory,they were very happy.(现在分词的被动语态having been done)被领
19、着参观工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework,he went to bed.(现在分词的主动语态having done)完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。即时演练4单句语法填空(1)(spend)all his money,the boy had to give his mother a call.(2)(tell)for several times,he still couldnt understand the rules.(3)(receive)his reply,she rang him up.(4)(ask)to work overtime that ev
20、ening,I missed a wonderful film.Having spentHaving been toldHaving receivedHaving been asked单句语法填空1 (represent)the Student Association,I went to the airport to meet the international students.2 (work)for two days,Steve managed to finish his report.3 (select)the proper present,they sent it to their r
21、espectable professor.4Group activities were organized after class,(build)up childrens team spirit.RepresentingHaving workedHaving selectedbuilding6_(go)straight down the road,you will find the department store.7The villagers saw the fire _ brightly in the distance.When they hurried there,they found
22、some houses _ to the ground already.(burn)8I suddenly felt myself _(hit)by a heavy fist.Goingburning burned/burntbeing hit维度一单句语法填空1I noticed a thief (steal)money from the old mans pocket when I passed by.2Dont leave the water (run)while you brush your teeth.3With Christmas (approach),a Christmas pa
23、rty will be held in the school.4With more and more farmers (rush)into city，their childrens education becomes a problem.stealingrunningapproachingrushing5 (wander)along the street,Frederick caught sight of a homeless dog.6 (compare)with many other women,she leads a very happy life.7Their car was caug
24、ht in a traffic jam,(cause)them to be late.8 (give)another five minutes,I can finish the work on time.WanderingComparedcausingGiven9 (finish)the 800meter race,he was of course out of breath.10 (taste)terrible,the medicine was thrown away by the little boy.11 (wait)in the queue for half an hour,Joey
25、realized that he had left his wallet at home.12Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street,(turn)the old town into a dreamland.Having finishedTastingHaving waitedturningComplete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.feel want face smile return worry hear knock1._ that his wife
26、had been injured in an accident,Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital.2.During the operation,she sat in the waiting room for over an hour _ about him.3.I saw her whispering something into his ear,obviously not _ to be heard.Hearingworryingwantingn.事故；车祸事故；车祸n.手术手术vi.&vt.悄声说；耳语悄声说；耳语24.He suddenly woke
27、up at midnight when he heard someone _ at his door.5._ higher import and export costs,the company is looking for ways to survive.6._ from the North Pole,the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year.7.The child lay on her mothers lap,_ sweetly.8._ hurt by the rejection,she bit her lip and quietly walked away.FacingReturningsmilingFeelingknockingn.子夜；午夜子夜；午夜n.进口进口n.出口出口n.(行星的行星的)极；地级极；地级n.(坐着时的坐着时的)大腿部大腿部feel want face smile return worry hear knockUNIT 2 UNIT 2 MORALS MORALS AND VIRTUESAND VIRTUESGrammar FocusGrammar FocusThanks!Thanks!