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1、八年级英语下册重点语法详解Unit 1Irene Irene中英文天地 2023-03-16 12:19 发表于广东1.have / get / catch a(n)+疾病名称，表示患某种疾病。e.g.I have / get / catch a cold.我感冒了。【拓展】have a bad cold 重感冒have a fever 发烧have a headache 头痛have a stomachache 肚子痛, 胃痛have a toothache 牙痛have a backache 背痛2.lie down 躺下e.g.You had better lie down and ha
2、ve a rest.你最好躺下休息。3.have a rest = take a rest = rest 休息have a break=have breaks=take a break=take breaks (课间）休息4.away from 离开；与有一定的距离(与不同动词搭配，意思会受上下文影响)e.g.They live away from us.他们住的地方离我们远。5.see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事e.g.When I pass the window I see him drawing a picture.当我经过窗户时，看到他正在画画。see sb.do s
3、th.看见某人做过某事e.g.I often see him draw pictures.我经常看到他在画画。6.think twice 认真思考，权衡利弊e.g.We must think twice before we make this decision.我们在做决定之前应该权衡利弊。7.to ones surprise 使惊讶的是，出乎意料e.g.To their surprise, all the students pass the exam.令他们惊讶的是，所有学生都通过考试了。8.in surprise 吃惊地e.g.Rose looked at me in surprise.R
4、ose惊讶地看着我。9.thanks to someone/something 多亏，因为，由于e.g.Today, thanks to the Internet, you can do all your shopping from home.现在多亏了因特网，你可以在家购物。10.thanks for (doing) sth.为(做)某事感谢e.g.Thanks for helping me / your help.感谢你的帮助。thank sb.for doing sth.e.g.You should thank her for helping you.你应该谢谢她帮了你。11.get s
5、b.into trouble 使某人陷入困境be in trouble 有烦事、有困难have trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难e.g.If you do, you might get me into trouble.如果你这样做，你可能会让我陷入困境。He never came except when he was in trouble.他只有遇到麻烦才会来.Do you have much trouble in finding the house?你在找那房子过程遇到困难吗？12.hit sb.+介词+the+身体部位: 打某人某部位e.g.hit sb.in the
6、 face/eye .hit sb.on the head/ back .拓展:hit sb./sth.with sth.用某物击/打某人/某物e.g.The boy hit him with a baseball.那个男孩用棒球打他。13.right away 立刻；马上 =in a minute=at oncee.g.Ill be there right away/in a minute/at once.我马上到那儿。14.be/get used to sth./doing sth.习惯于 e.g.He is used to falling asleep (入睡) with such no
7、ises around him.他习惯在周围有噪音时入睡。【拓展】used to be 过去是.used to do sth.过去常做某事be used to do sth./for doing sth.被用来做.e.g.He used to be a driver.(现在不是）他过去是个司机。He used to get up at 10:00 a.m.他过去经常在早上10点起床。Knives can be used to cut fruit./for cutting fruit.刀子可以用来切水果。15.have problems doing sth.做某事困难e.g. The boy h
8、ad problems breathing.那个男孩呼吸困难。16.take a risk/risks 冒险take the risk of 冒着的风险risk doing sth.冒险做某事（risk 在这里作为动词）take a risk doing sth.冒险做某事（risk 在这里作为名词）16.run out 被用完，被耗尽run out of 用完，用光e.g.Last week, my money ran out.我的钱上周用完了。They ran out of fresh water yesterday.昨天他们淡水用完了。17.cut off 切除；停掉；中断e.g.He
9、decided to cut off his beard.他决定要剃去他的胡须。The earthquake cut off our water supply.地震断了我们的水资源供应。【拓展】cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒18.between a rock and a hard place在艰难或危险的处境下从两难中进行选择，左右为难；进退两难e.g.If I take the bus to the cinema, Ill be late for the film, but if I drive, Ill have no place to park, Im really caug
10、ht between a rock and a hard place.如果我搭公车去电影院，我就会迟到，但如果我开车，我就找不到地方停车，真是进退两难。19.mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth.打算/意欲去做某事e.g.I didnt mean to upset you.我并不是要让你不高兴。My new job will mean travelling all over the world.我的新工作需要在世界各地到处跑。20.make a decision / make ones decision 做决定decide to do sth./make a
11、 decision to do sth. 决定做某事e.g.Tina decided to go to Rome for her holidays.=Tina made a decision to go to Rome for her holidays.Tina决定去罗马度假。21.get on 上车 get off 下车22.get into 陷入e.g.The business went worse and worse and soon he got into debt.生意越来越糟，很快他负债累累。23.get out of 离开，从.出来e.g.I need to get out of
12、 the traffic jam.我需要从这拥堵的交通解脱出来。24.be in control of 掌管，管理e.g.He is in control of the big company.他掌管着这家大公司。25.give up sth./ doing sth.e.g.He gave up his chance to America.他放弃去美国的机会。He gave up smoking.他放弃抽烟。26.expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事/预料某人做某事e.g.He expected most of the passengers to get off.他以为大多数
13、乘客会下车。27.wait for sb./sth./doing sth.等待某人/某物/做某事28.in time 及时 on time 准时29.think about sth./ doing sth.考虑某事/做某事e.g.He is thinking about doing something else.他考虑做点别的。30.because of +名词/名词短语 由于because of+句子e.g.Because of the rain, he didint go to the cinema.由于这场雨，他没去电影院。Because it rained, he didnt go t
14、o the cinema.因为下雨了，他没去电影院。31.be ready to do sth.准备好做某事be ready for sth./doing sth. 为某事/做某事做好准备e.g.He is ready to do some research.他准备做些研究。He is ready for the exam/taking the exam.他在为考试做准备。32.so+形容词/副词+that 从句 （结果状语从句）e.g.He was so tired that he wanted to have a rest at once.他如此累，很想马上休息会。Unit 21.hope
15、 to do sth.希望做某事hope + that 从句 (that 可省略)e.g.I hope that I can pass the exam.= I hope to pass the exam.我希望可以通过考试。【拓展】常见的“动词+to do sth.”结构有：agree to do sth.同意做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事remember to do sth.记得做某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事want to do sth.想要做某事2.clean up
16、打扫(或清除)干净当宾语是名词时，可位于clean和up之间，也可位于clean up之后；当宾语是代词时，只能位于clean和up之间。e.g.They began to clean up the classroom /clean the classroom up after the class.他们下课后开始打扫教室。The classroom is dirty.You need to clean it up.教室很脏，你需要打扫打扫。类似短语(用法同clean up 一样)：cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来give out 分发；散发hand out分发give away 捐
17、赠；赠给give up 放弃give back 归还put off 推迟call up打电话给（某人）；征召fix up修理；安装set up建起；设立e up with 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)e.g.I hope you can come up with a better plan than this我希望你能想出比这个更好的计划。4.notice sth./sb. 注意到某事/某人notice sb.do sth.注意到某人做了某事notice sb.doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事e.g.Sorry, I didnt notice you.抱歉，没有注意到你。Did y
18、ou notice him leaving the party early?你有注意到他要提前离开聚会了吗？5.care for 照顾 =look after / take care ofcare about 关心；在意e.g.The children are old enough to care for themselves.孩子们大了，可以照顾他们自己了。She thinks only of herself and doesnt care about others.她只考虑自己，从不在意他人。6.疑问词+ to不定式，构成复合不定式结构e.g.They dont know where to
19、build the new house.他们不知道在哪里可以建新房。I cant decide what to do next.我决定不下来下一步该做什么。7.such/so的区别：such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数，so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数，当名词前有many, much, few, little修饰时，要用so，不用such。e.g.She issuch a pretty girl.= She is so pretty a girl.她是如此美丽的女孩。I didnt realize I had so many friends.我没意识我有这么多朋友。8.to ones
20、satisfaction 令某人满意的是be satisfied with= be pleased with对满意e.g.To his satisfaction,his first book sold well.让他满意的是，他的第一本书卖得很好。Mrs.Yang wasnt satisfied with our homework yesterday.昨天杨老师对我们的作业不满意。8.at the age of+基数词, 在某人几岁时，相当于when引导的时间状语从句, 即when was/ were years old。e.g.My brother went to study in Beij
21、ing when he was 19 years old.=My brother went to study in Beijing at the age of 19.我哥哥19岁时就去北京学习了。9.try out 参加选拔；试用e.g.Why did you decide to try out for the Olympics?你为什么决定去参加奥林匹克运动会的筛选？10.take after (外貌或行为)像e.g.Helen takes after her mother.Both of them have big eyes.Helen长得像她妈妈，两人都有大眼睛。11.make a /
22、no / some difference to sb./ sth.对某人或某事物有 / 没有 / 有些作用或影响e.g.That rain didnt make a difference to the sporting meeting.那场雨对运动会没什么影响。I think what parents say will make some difference to their children.我认为父母说的话会对他们孩子有些影响。12.imagine v.想象；设想后面可以接名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或从句等作宾语。e.g.Can you imagine life without th
23、e Internet?你能想象没有网络的生活吗？I cant imagine living in such a dirty small house.我无法想象住在这么脏的小房子。Imagine that you are rich and famous.设想一下你又富有又出名。13.have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难e.g.He had difficulty (in) solving this problem.他在解决这个问题遇到困难了。Its difficult (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事很难e.g.Its diffic
24、ult for Jack to speak Chinese well.对于Jack来说，学讲中文很难。14.be excited about 因而兴奋不已e.g.The children were excited about winning the football game.孩子们因赢得足球赛而兴奋不已。excited “激动的；兴奋的”。作表语时，主语通常是人；作定语时，常用来修饰人。exciting “激动人心的”。作表语时，主语通常是物；作定语时，常用来修饰物。e.g.The excited students sang and danced.激动的学生们又唱又跳。The basketb
25、all game yesterday was very exciting.昨天的篮球赛令人很激动。Unit 3 1.help out 在某人繁忙或遇到困难时“给予帮助”。e.g.I sometimes help out in the kitchen.我有时间在厨房帮忙。help和out之间还可以加入具体的“人”。常见搭配有：help sb.out with sth.帮助某人某事e.g.Can you help me out? 你能帮我一把吗？He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。2.at least 至少e.g.We should brush our t
26、eeth at least twice a day. 我们每天应该至少刷两次牙。3.be back 回来e.g.I wont be back till 11:00.我11点以前回不来。4.any minute now 随时；马上；在任何时刻e.g.The guests are arriving any time now but were still not ready.客人即刻就到，但我们还没有准备好。5.throw sth.to sb./throw sb.sth.把某物扔给某人e.g. He threw his shirt to his brother.他把他的衬衫扔给他哥哥。Could y
27、ou throw me that towel?你能把那条毛巾扔给我吗？【拓展】throw away 扔掉；丢弃e.g.Dont throw away the waste paper.We can collect and recycle it.不要扔掉那废纸。我们可以收集回收。6.the minute = as soon as 一就e.g.The minute / As soon as I came home, I turned on the TV.我一回家就打开电视。7.all the time（在该段时间内）一直；向来，一向；时时刻刻；每时每刻e.g.Ive kept on thinking
28、 about that all the time.我一直惦记着这件事。8.borrow sth from sb.从某人那借入某物lend sth to sb./lend sb.sth.把某物借给某人/借给某人某物keep sth.for +时间段 保留某物一段时间e.g.He borrowed a pen from me yesterday.他昨天从我这借了一支笔。She decided to lend her bike to me.她决定把她的自行车借给我。You can keep the book for one week.你可以借这本书一周。9.as .as “和一样”（注意：是同级比较
29、，不能用比较级，也不能最高级）第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词，基本结构为：as +adj./ adv.+ ase.g.Thisfilm is as funny as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样搞笑。Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔写起来和我的一样流畅。否定形式为 “not as/so + adj./adv.+ as”。e.g.He didnt act as well as you.他表现得不如你好。10.neither几点常见用法：(1)adv.也不 常用于固定结构“neither+系动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词+主语”中。e
30、.g.My sister doesnt like green and neither do I.我姐姐不喜欢绿色，我也不喜欢(2)pron.两者都不，常与介词of 连用，也可以单独使用。neither of .作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。e.g.Neither of them like / likes tigers.他们都不喜欢老虎。(3)adj.两者都不，置于单数可数名词之前，此时谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Neither pen is Bobs. 两支笔都不是Bob的。(4)conj.常用于 neither .nor .结构中，表示“既不也不”，连接两个并列成分；当连接
31、两个并列主语时，谓语动词通常要与nor后面的代词或名词在人称和数上保持一致。e.g.Neither Lindas mother nor his father speaks English.琳达的妈妈跟爸爸都不会讲英语。11.could与can的区别could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合；e.g.Can you tell us your story, Tony?你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，Tony？He could finish the homework ye
32、sterday.（can的过去式）他昨天可以完成作业。could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。e.g.Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia?请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？Sure.当然可以。12.in order to “目的是、为了”, 可放句首或句中，相当于作目的状语的不定式to do。其否定结构为：in order not toe.g.People come here (in order) to give their children a better life.人们来到这
33、儿是为了给孩子们更好的生活。in order that “目的是、为了”，后接目的状语从句，从句中常用can, could, may, might, should, would等情态动词, 与表目的的so that用法基本相同。e.g.People come here in order that / so that they can give their children a better life.人们来到这儿是为了给孩子们更好的生活。13.做某事是某人的工作(职责等)e.g.Its every teachers job to explain things clearly to the st
34、udents.把东西给学生讲明白是每一位老师的职责。14.provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.给某人提供某物e.g.The movie theater provides us with good service.这家电影院为我们提供优质服务。His school provided a house for him.学校为他提供了一所房子。15.offer sb.sth./ offer sth.to sb.e.g.Can you offer me something to drink?你能给我拿些喝的吗？We should offer seats to
35、 the old on the bus.在公交车上，我们应该给老人让座。16.anyway adv. 尽管如此；不管怎样可位于句首或句尾，修饰整个句子，常用于转换话题。e.g.Anyway, lets forget about that for the moment.不管怎样，此刻我们先把它放一边。17.depend on 依靠；信赖；视而定；取决于e.g.You shouldnt listen to his words.You can depend on me.你不该听信他的话。你可以信赖我。It depends on where you want to go.这取决于你想去哪里。18.il
36、l & sick相同点:生病的，都可作表语。e.g.Alice was ill / sick yesterday.爱丽丝昨天生病了。不同点:表“生病”时，sick可作定语，但ill不作定语。e.g.Could you help the sick girl? （这里不能用ill代替）你能帮帮那个生病的女孩吗？18.“the+比较级, the+比较级” 越, 就越e.g.The higher you climb up the mountain, the colder youll feel.越往山上爬，你就会感到越冷。接下来给大家欣赏一首欧美经典歌曲Yesterday Once More,英语爱好者
37、可以磨磨耳朵哦。Unit 41.allow sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事e.g.Mr.Smith allowed Mike to drive there.史密斯先生允许迈克开车去那里。His parents dont allow him to play computer games.他的父母不允许他玩电脑游戏。They dont allow smoking in the kitchen.他们不允许在厨房抽烟。2.big deal 重要的事情或状况，多用于非正式交流。Its not a big deal 或 Its no big deal.
38、表示说话人并不认为某事有什么了不起Theres a soccer game on TV this evening but I dont have to watch it.Its no big deal.e.g.今晚电视上有一场足球赛，但我不一定要看。没什么大不了的。3.work out 解决(问题); 改善(状况)e.g.Dont worry.Things will work out.别担心，事情会慢慢解决的。work out 算出e.g.Mike worked out the difficult problem by himself.Mike自己算出了那道难题。4.get on with =
39、get along with 和睦相处；关系良好e.g.The child doesnt get on well with others.那个孩子和其他人相处的不好。5.instead代替；反而；却可位于句子的结尾，此时不用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。也可位于句子的开头，这时多用逗号与句子的主体部分隔开。e.g.Last weekend they didnt go fishing.Instead, they went for a picnic./ They went for a picnic instead.上周末他们没有去钓鱼，而是去野餐了。instead of 代替，而不是在句中的位置比较灵
40、活，但不可单独使用，其后接的宾语多由名词、代词、v.-ing形式等充当。e.g.We want to play chess instead of watching TV.我们想下国际象棋而不是看电视。注意：instead和instead of有时可以相互转换。e.g.Cindy didnt listen to music.Instead, she read.= Cindy read instead of listening to music.6.offer sb.sth.= offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物offer to do sth.主动提出做某事e.g.She offere
41、d me a cup of tea.= She offered a cup of tea to me.她给我端了杯茶。He offered to go instead of me.他主动提出代替我去。municate with sb.与某人交流e.g.Li Mei can easily communicate with foreigners in English.李梅可以用英语和外国人轻松交流。8.explain + that / what / why等从句explain sth.(to sb.)（向某人）解释某事e.g.Can you explain what this means?你能解释
42、一下这是什么意思吗？Please explain it to me.请你向我解释一下吧。9.return 归还 = give backe.g.You must return these books and magazines in a week.你必须在一周之内归还这些书籍和杂志。return 回来=come/go backe.g.He returned to school at 11:00 yesterday evening.他昨天晚上11点才回去学校。10.anymore adv.再也(不)；(不)再(常用于否定句和疑问句末)e.g.Nick doesnt live here anymor
43、e.=Nick no more lives here.Nick不再住在这里了。11.so that 以便，为了，使能够。引导目的状语从句=in order that从句中常用情态动词may/might, can/could, should, would 连用。e.g.They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.为了能赶上早班车，他们早早就起床了。sothat如此以至于。引导结果状语从句。so后面加形容词或副词。e.g.He was so weak that he could hardly stand up.他身体虚弱得几乎站
44、不起来了。12.在英语中although / though不能和but同时出现在一个句子中, 但它们之间可进行句型转换。e.g.Although / Though the weather is sunny, I feel cold.I feel cold although / though the weather is sunny.虽然天气晴朗，我却感到冷。Although / Though it is raining, they are still playing outside.= It is raining, but they are still playing outside.虽然下着
45、雨，他们还是在外面玩。13.until 常用于否定句中，构成 “notuntil”短语， “直到才”, “不到不”。until 也可用在肯定句中，表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止，即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到时(为止)”或“在以前”。在这种用法中句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词)。e.g.He didnt go home until 12:00 last night.(go是瞬间动词）他昨晚直到12点才回家。We must wait until 7 p.m.（wait是持续动词）我们必须等到晚上7点。pete with 与进行竞争e.g.We hope to
46、 compete with that team.我们希望与那个队竞争。compete for 为竞争e.g.Scientists now have to compete forfunding, and do not share information among themselves.科学家们现在为了资金不得不相互竞争，互相之间也不会共享信息。15.cut out 删除；删去e.g.I cut out one paragraph in this article.我删除了这篇文章的一个段落。【拓展】cut down 削减; 砍倒 cut off 切断, 使电话中断; 隔绝cut up 切碎16.continue to do sth.继续做某事（表示继续做不同的事情，继续做其他的事）e.g.She co