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1、被动语态被动语态一、一、考点、热点回顾考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】【词汇辨析】1.1.across,throughacross,through 穿过穿过acrossacross 指从一定范围的一边到另一边。动作是在物体的表面进行。常用于横穿街道、河流，穿过桥梁等。eg:They walk across the bridge.他们步行走过了这座桥。throughthrough 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过，动作是在物体内部进行。常用于门、窗户、森林等。eg:He walks through the park.他步行穿过公园。2.illill，sicksick“生病的”。ill 只在系动词后作表语 eg
2、:Her mother was ill in bed.sick既可作表语 eg:Her mother was sick in bed.也可作定语 eg:Jane is taking care of her sick mother.若 ill 作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”eg:an ill person 一个坏人sick 作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的“eg:The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.【固定搭配】【固定搭配】动词动词+名词名词/代词代词/副词副词+介词介词make room formake room for 给.腾出地方e
3、g:We can make room for her at this table.play a joke onplay a joke on 戏弄人；对人恶作剧eg:We cant play a joke on law.speak highly ofspeak highly of 称赞eg:The customs speak highly of their quality of service.say good bye tosay good bye to 告别；告辞eg:I dont want to say good bye to them.take an active part intake
4、an active part in 积极参加eg:They take an active part in school activities.take care oftake care of 照顾；照料；注意eg:Could you take care of my plants while Im on vacation?【被动语态】【被动语态】（一）语态：（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：spe
5、ak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词助动词 bebe及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的。现以 speak 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amamis isarearespoken一般过去时：waswaswereweresp
6、oken一般将来时：willwillshall beshall bespoken现在进行时：amamis isare beingare beingspoken1(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第1页(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第1页过去进行时：was/were beingwas/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehavehas beenhas beenspoken过去完成时：had beenhad been+spoken（三）被动语态的用法（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were
7、stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于 1981 年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语宾语变为被动语态的主语主语。（2）把谓
8、语谓语变成被动结构（bebe过去分词过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be 的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the peopleAll the people laughed at himhim.HeHe was laughed at by all people all people.TheyThey make the bikes the bikes in the factory.The bikesThe bikes are made by them them in the factor
9、y.HeHe cut down a tree a tree.A treeA tree was cut down byhimhim.（五）含有情态动词的被动语态（五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词情态动词bebe过去分词过去分词”构成We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.（六）特殊情况（六）特殊情况1.He mademade the boy w
10、orkwork for two hours yesterday.The boy was made towas made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never letslets me watch TV.I amam never let tolet to watch TV by mother.3.Jack gavegave Peter a Christmas present just now.（1）A Christmas present was given towas given to Peter by Jack just no
11、w.（2）Peter was givenwas given a Christmas present by Jack just now.常见的句型结构常见的句型结构：It isIt is(waswas)agreedagreed(believed/decided/hoped/thoughtbelieved/decided/hoped/thought.）that.that.大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）.It isIt is(waswas)well known thatwell known that.众所周知It isIt is(waswas)taken for granted thattake
12、n for granted that.被视为当然It must be remembered thatIt must be remembered that.务必记住.2(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第2页(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第2页It mustnt be forgotten thatIt mustnt be forgotten that.千万别忘记.It isIt is(waswas)saidsaid(reportedreported，heardheard，toldtold，suggestedsuggested)thatthat.据说(报道、听说、告知、建议.)二、
13、典型例题二、典型例题（）1The Olympic Games _every four years.A are heldB were heldCare holdingDwill ho1d（）2.In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintingsA is givingB is givenC will giveD has given（）3.Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular.It _in.many schools around the
14、 world.A.teachesB.is teachingC.has taughtD.is taught（）4.Ba Jin,one of the greatest writers in China,_as Peoples Writer.A.is regardedB.has regardedC.is regardingD.regards（）5.Usually computers _to search the Internet.A.useB.are usingC.are usedD.used（）6.-Do you often clean your classroom?-Yes.Our class
15、room _every day.A.cleanB.cleansC.is cleaned（）7.一 Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?一 YesIn fact，it _.Thats all because of the people and the factories aroundA pollutedB was pollutedC has pollutedDwas po11ute（）8.-Our environment is getting worse than before.-Youre right.But thanks to
16、 Earth Day_,people have done more and more useful things toprotect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A.is startedB.was startedC.has started（）9.-I feel very happy that I _to be the host.-Congratulations!A.chooseB.am chosenC.was chosenD.haven chosen（）10.Many trees and flowers _ in our school last year，and
17、they made our school a beautiful gardenAplantBplantedChave plantedDwere planted（）11.Some famous paintings _in the hall next week.A.will showB.were shownC.is shownD.will be shown（）12.A talk on developments in science and technologyin the school hall next week.A.givenB.will be givenC.has been givenD.g
18、ives（）13.-Great changes have taken place in this city.-Right.Many modern tall buildings have been _ these days.A.turned upB.put upC.shown upD.fixed up3(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第3页(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第3页（）14.Twelve-year-olds should notto drive in China.A.allowB.be allowC.allowedD.be allowed（）15.Do you oft
19、en clean your classroom?Yes,our classroom _ every day.A.cleanB.cleansC.is cleanedD.Cleaned三、课后练习三、课后练习（）1Susan,why are you still here?They are all ready to start.Im sorry,but I _ when to meet.A.dont tellB.didnt tellC.havent toldD.wasnt told（）2Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large
20、 green area will appear.A.pull downB.will be pulled downC.will pull downD.are pulled down（）3-My watch _.-Dont worry.Lets go to the Lost&Found.A.is lostB.is brokenC.has foundD.has stopped（）4-Did you go to Sams weekend party?-No,I_.A.am not invitedB.wasnt invitedC.havent invitedD.didnt invite（）5-How o
21、ften _ your school sports meeting _?-Once a year.A.does;holdB.was;holdC.is;heldD.did;hold（）6On May 30th,one bowl in the Ming dynasty(明朝)_ at the price of 30.36 million HongKong dollars.A.sellB.soldC.is sold D.was sold（）7The Thousand-hand Guanyin _ by many people as the best performance at CCTVs Spri
22、ngFestival Evening.A.has been regardedB.are regardedC.has regardedD.regards（）8Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.Yes,they _ in Hangzhou.A.paintedB.were paintingC.were paintedD.had painted（）9-Dont litter the ground,boy,Look at the sign:“Rubbishinto the dustbin.”-Sorry.A,has throwB,was
23、throwC,must throwD,must be thrown（）10The 29th 0lympic Games _in Beijing in 2008Awill holdB will be heldChold（）11.The girl was often heardhappily in her room.4(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第4页(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第4页A.singB.to singC.singingD.sings（）12.It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our sch
24、ool in the next term.A.will be builtB.was builtC.has builtD.will build（）13.It is reported that more new teaching buildings _ in our school in the next term.A.will be builtB.was builtC.has builtD.will build（）14.The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday.A.is takenB.was takenC.takesD.took（）15.
25、-Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridge _ over the river.A.was builtB.is being builtC.has been builtD.should be built（）16.-David,turn off the TV_ no one is watching it.-But it _ off already!The music is from the radio.A.so that,has been turnedB.when,ha
26、s turnedC.if,has been turnedD.because,has turned（）17.Usually Johnto school in his fathers beautiful car.A.has takenB.is takingC.is takenD.has been taken（）18.Dont put off todays work for tomorrow.I mean,todays work _ today.A.may doB.must doC.may be doneD.must be done（）19.-Look,what an old palace!It l
27、ooks so great!-Yeah,it _ nearly 800 years ago.A.was buildingB.was builtC.has builtD.is built（）20.Dont discuss the problems with your partner unless you _ to do so.A.askB.are askedC.will askD.will be asked5(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第5页(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第5页典型例题一般现在时1A。解析考查被动语态，根据句意，“奥运会每四年举行一次”可见须用一般现在时的被
28、动语态，故排除了B、C、D。2答案B。解析本题考查被动语态，句中a lot of enjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中，一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。”3答案D。解析考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。4答案A。解析 选用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5答案C。解析从句子看，电脑作主语，是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态，故选C。6.答案C。解析考查被动语态物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。一般过去时1答案B。考查被动语态。物作主语，一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动
29、词指的是物的特性，不能用被动语态。2答案B。解析从句意：“自从地球日开始以来，人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。”可知，“地球日”的开始，要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为was started 故选 B。3.We _into five groups to go to the old peoples home.We did many things to cheer them up.太原市A.dividedB.are dividedC.were divided3答案C。解析本题主要考查被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句We did many things”
30、可推断，时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。4C5D一般将来过去1答案D。解析 本题综合考查时态和语态。主语为“一些名画”，在此为动作“展出”的承受者，故应用被动语态，时间状语为 next week，是表示将来的时间状语，所以句子时态是一般将来时，所以D 项正确。2B答案B答案：D。情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。答案为 C。句中有 every day，主语为 our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。【参考答案】1答案 D 解析：依据句意：对不起，但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去，I 和 tell 之间是被动关系。2答案 B 解析：由题干时间 next
31、year 科知识将来时态，句子主语是old houses,应用被动语态。故选B。3答案 A 解析：由 Lets goto the Lost&Found.可知，说明表丢失了。故选4答案 B 解析：由Did you go to Sams weekend party?可知陈述过去的动作的发生，I 和 invite 之间存在着被动关系。故选 B。5答案 C 解析：How often+一般疑问句？此句型用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数，表示“多长时间一次”。往往针对频度副词如：always,seldom,usually,once a month,sometimes,every five min
32、utes.等提问，常用于现在时或过去时。由题干your school sports meeting 作主语，谓语应用被动语态。故选C。6答案 D 解析：由 On May 30th,可知动作发生在过去；其主语是one bowl 与 sell 存在被动关系。7答案A 解析：依据题意：“千手观音”被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，应用现在完成时。其主语是The Thousand-handGuanyin，要用被动语态。故选 A。8答案 C 解析：they 指代 Those eggs of different colors，主语是物
33、，故用被动语态。依据结构，应选C.。9答案 D 解析：依据句意：垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令”，句子主语是垃圾，应用被动语态。10答案 B 解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。由in 2008 可知是将来时，运动会应该是“被举行”，所以使用一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+过去分词。11 选 B。考查使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard 后用省略 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，而在被动语态中动词不定式符号 to 需补上。由关键信息 was often heard 可直接断定正确答案为B。12 选 A。考查一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息in the next term 可知要用一般
34、将来时，先排除B、C 二项；6(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第6页(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第6页另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造”可知要用被动语态，故舍D 选 A。13 选 A14 选 B。由时间状语yesterday 可知本题要用一般过去时，先排除A、C 二项；另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院”可知要用被动语态，故舍D 选 B。15 选 D16 选 C。考查现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它”可知第一个空是条件状语从句；另由关键信息“The music is from the radio.”可知“（电视）已经关掉了”，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故正确答案为 C。17 选 C18 选 D。考查含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完”可知本题要用被动语态，先排除 A、B 二项；结合题意可舍C 选 D。19 选 B。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly 800 years ago可知要用一般过去时，先排除C、D 二项；另结合题意“它（古老的宫殿）在近800 年前被建造的”可舍 A 选 B。20 选 B7(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第7页(完整)初中英语被动语态讲解练习及答案-第7页