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1、句子成分及基本句型句子成分及基本句型一、一、考点、热点回顾考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语足语等。（一）主语（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”“是什么”或“是谁”“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首在句首。如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day.（代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmfu
2、l to the health.（动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided.（主语从句作主语）（二）谓语（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“做什么”“是什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面在主语后面。如：His parents are teachers.（系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard.（行为动词作谓语）We don t
3、finish reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English.（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后在谓语之后。She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We en
4、joy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语）说明说明 1 1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明说明 2 2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give,show
5、（给看），bring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story.（2）The sun gives us light.间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“toto”或“”或“forfor”。间接宾语前加“间接宾语前加“toto”的有：”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答应）,refuse（拒绝）等。间接宾语加“间接宾语加“forfor”的有：”的有：1(完整wo
6、rd版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第1页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第1页make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay 等（1）I give him a book.改成：（2）He passes me the book.（他将书递给我。）改成：（3）He writes me a letter.改成：（4）He will buy me some books.改成：（5）She is making me a cake.改成：（四）宾语补足语（四）宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的
7、成分，称为宾语补足语宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如：They make her happy.（形容词）I see her dance.（不定式）Well helpyou to make the Olympics a success.（名词）Please let him in.（副词）We heard her singing a song.（分词短语）（五）表语（五）表语表语说明主语“是什么是什么”或者“怎么样怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面在系动词
8、后面。如：I am a teacher.（名词）He is always happy.（形容词）They are on the playground now.（介词短语）It gets cold.（形容词）Be 动词（amam，is is，are,was,wereare,was,were）系动词表保持（keep,stay,remainkeep,stay,remain）表改变（getget，becomebecome，turnturn）感官动词（feelfeel，soundsound（听起来），seem/lookseem/look（看起来），tastetaste（尝起来），smellsmell（闻
9、起来）如：It sounds interesting.（sound 为系动词，interesting 为表语）We should all remain careful.Remain（为系动词，careful 为表语）（六）定语（六）定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）Whats your name?（代词）They make paper flowers.（名词）说明说明 1 1：当定语
10、修饰不定代词修饰不定代词：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语在不定代词后面在不定代词后面。如：I tell him something interesting.（形容词 interesting 作不定代词 something 的后置定语）He has something to do.（to do 为不定式作后置定语）说明说明 2 2：短语或从句：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后在被修饰的名词之后。如：The boys in the room are in Class Four.（in the room 是介词短语作 the boys
11、的后置定语。）（七）状语（七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由2(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第2页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第2页副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：He did it carefully.（副词）We often help him.（副词）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介词短语）When I grow u
12、p,I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语）He sits there.（副词地点状语）【简单句的五种基本句型】【简单句的五种基本句型】A.A.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词(主谓主谓)如：The sun rises.太阳升起来。The car stopped.小汽车停下来了。rise 和 stop 都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。B.B.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语(主谓宾主谓宾)如：I love my country.He helps me.I like action movies.I buy a book.C.C.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表
13、语(主系表主系表)如：Her brother is a driver.We feel happy.（feel 为系动词，表示感到）It gets dark.天黑了。（get 为系动词，表示变得）Tom looks ill.Tom看上去病了。（look 为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）D.D.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）双宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）(主谓主谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾)如：He gives Tom a present.（双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语）妈妈为我做了一件衣服。E.E.主语主语+及物
14、动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补)如：They call her Mary.（宾补）他们叫她 Mary。We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。He always makes us laugh.（宾补）他总使我们笑。二、二、典型例题典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1.Lily is cleaning the desk now.2.Her garden is the best in our town.3.Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4.I like th
15、is book very much.5.The girl on the blue bike is Janes sister.6.She didnt come to my party because she was ill.7.Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8.We will go to the Childrens Palaceonce a week.9.They are in the classroom.3(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第3页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第3页10.It sounds g
16、ood.11.His name is Paul.12.We always go to school early.三、三、课后练习课后练习(一)挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother doesnt do his homework.ABCD People all over the world speak English.ABCD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.ABCD How many new words do you learn?ABCD Some of the students in the school want to
17、go swimming,how about you?ABCD(二)挑出下列句中的表语 The old man is feeling very tired.ABCD Why is he worried about Jim?ABCD The leaves have turned yellow.ABCD Soon They all become interested in the subject.ABCD She is the first to learn about it.ABCD(三)挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr.Mrs.with the family name.ABCD What
18、 is your given name?ABCD On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.ABCD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.ABCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep.ABCD（四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.4(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第4页(完整word版)初中英语
19、句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第4页（四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asks her to take the boy out of school.ABCD She find it difficult to do the work.ABCD They call me Lily sometimes.ABCD I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.A BCD(五)挑出下列句中的状语 There is a big smile on her face.ABCD Every night he heard the noise upstairs.ABCD He began to lear
20、n English when he was eleven.ABCD The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.ABCD With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.ABCD(六)划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语（）Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give i
21、t to Tom.Does he leave any message for me?(七)分析下列句子的句子成分1.Theyare workingon the farmnow.2.Seeingisbelieving.3.All of uslikeKobe Bryantvery much.4.Shebecamea doctorin 1998.5.The booklying on the flooraremine.6.Suddenlyitbegan to rain.7.To catch the train,Igot upearly yesterday.8.Ialways findherhappy.
22、9.HewondersIfIstill studyEnglish.10.The letterwhich I received the day before yesterdaywasa friend of mine.11.Wealwaysworkhardat English.12.Hesaidhedidnt come.5(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第5页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第5页13.Theyloveeach other.14.Whatdidyoubuy?15.Shewatchedher daughterplaying the piano.
23、16.Your jobtodayisto help the old.17.Speakingdoesnt meandoing.18.By the time I got to the station,the trainhad left.19.The childrenboughttheir parentsa carfor the 25th anniversary of their marriage.20.Ittakesmean hourto get there.划分句子成分练习二1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure
24、 to talk with you3.All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city7.-I love you more than her，child 8.Tees turn green when spring comes.9.They pushed the door open.10.Grandma told me an inte
25、resting story last night.11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching13.We need a place twice larger than this one.14.He asked us to sing an English song.15.Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like6(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第6页(完整word版)初中英
26、语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第6页划分句子成分练习题划分句子成分练习题(2)(2)(一)指出下例句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二)选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont li
27、ke the picture on the wall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will beB.meetingC.the libraryD.afternoon Did the twins
28、 have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.wantB.to tellC.youD.is We had better send for a doctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor He is interested in music.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music W
29、hom did you give my book to?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.ABCD People all over the world speak English.ABCD7(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第7页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第7页 You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.ABCD How many new words did you learn last
30、 class?ABCD Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?ABCD The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.ABCD They made him monitor of the class.ABCD Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.ABCD You will find it useful after you leave school.ABCD Th
31、ey didnt know who Father Christmas really is.ABCD(四)挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired.ABCD Why is he worried about Jim?ABCD The leaves have turned yellow.ABCD Soon They all became interested in the subject.ABCD She was the first to learn about it.ABCD(五)挑出下例句中的定语 They use Mr.Mrs.with the
32、family name.ABCD What is your given name?ABCD On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.ABCD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.ABCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep.ABCD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!ABCD(六)挑出下例句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers an
33、d books in the reading-room.ABCD He asked her to take the boy out of school.ABCD She found it difficult to do the work.ABCD8(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第8页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第8页 They call me Lily sometimes.AB CD I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.A BCD Did you see Li Ming playing football on the play
34、ground just now?ABCD(七)挑出下例句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.ABCD Every night he heard the noise upstairs.ABCD He began to learn English when he was eleven.ABCD The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.ABCD With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.ABCD She loves the libra
35、ry because she loves books.ABCD I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.ABCD The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.ABCD(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Gi
36、ve it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?9(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第9页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第9页划分句子成分练习题（划分句子成分练习题（2 2）参考答案）参考答案(一)teacher man dictionary To do(二)B A C A C C D C A A(三)D D B A B D C D A D(四)D B D C B(五)C C A B B D(六)C C C C D B(七)D A D D A D C D(八)us,间接宾语 a story,直接宾语 me,间接宾
37、语 a new bike,直接宾语 us,间接宾语 history,直接宾语 Tom,间接宾语 it,直接宾语 me,间接宾语 message,直接宾语典型例题答案典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。1.主，谓，宾，状3.表5.定，定9.表课后练习课后练习(三)D D B A B(四)D B D C B(五)C C A B B(六)C C C C D(七)D A D D A(八)us,间接宾语 a story,直接宾语 me,间接宾语 a new bike,直接宾语 us,间接宾语 history,直接宾语 Tom,间接宾语 it,直接宾语 me,间接宾语 message,直接宾语1.Th
38、eyare workingon the farmnow.主语系表结构做谓语地点状语时间状语2.Seeingisbelieving.动词 ing 做主语谓语宾语3.All of uslikeKobe Bryantvery much.主语谓语宾语程度副词状语4.Shebecamea doctorin 1998.主语谓语宾语时间状语5.The booklying on the flooraremine.主语补语谓语宾语6.Suddenlyitbegan to rain.状语形式主语谓语7.To catch the train,Igot upearly yesterday.目的状语主语谓语时间状语10
39、2.定，状4.谓，宾，状6.谓，状8.谓，状10.表12.状，状7.谓，宾，状11.定，表(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第10页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第10页8.Ialways findherhappy.主语谓语宾语状语9.HewondersIf Istill studyEnglish.主语谓语条件句中的主语条件句中的谓语条件句中的宾语（整个条件句做主干的宾语）10.The letterwhich I received the day before yesterdaywasa friend of mine.主语定语从句谓语宾语11.Wealw
40、aysworkhardat English.主语状语谓语状语状语12.Hesaidhedidnt come.主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语13.Theyloveeach other.主谓语宾语14.Whatdidyoubuy?宾助动词主谓15.Shewatchedher daughterplaying the piano.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语16.Your jobtodayisto help the old.主语定语系动词表语17.Speakingdoesnt meandoing.主语谓语宾语18.By the time I got to the station,the trainhad left.时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语19.The childrenboughttheir parentsa carfor the 25th anniversary of their marriage.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语20.Ittakesmean hourto get there.形式主语谓语宾语真正主语11(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第11页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第11页12(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第12页(完整word版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案-第12页