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1、20152015 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirectionsDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C orD on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(10 points)In our contemporary culture,the prospect o
2、f communicating with or even looking at astranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to theirphones,even without a 1 on a subway.Its a sad reality our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings becausetheres 2to be gained from talking to the stra
3、nger standing byyou.But you wouldnt knowit,3 into your phone.This universal protection sends the 4:“Please dont approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,executive mental coach.We fear rejection,orthat our innocent social ad
4、vances will be 6as“weird”.We fear well be 7.We fear well bedisruptive.Strangers are inherently8to us,so we are more likely to feel9whencommunicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.To avoid this anxiety,we 10to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket,”Wortmann says.“They
5、 are ourhappy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11.”But once we rip off the bandaid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up,itdoesnt 12 so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and JulianaSchroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkabl
6、e:Start a13.They had Chicago traincommuters talk to their fellow 14.“When Dr.Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people inthe same train station to15how they would feel after talking to a stranger,the commutersthought their16would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,”the New York Timessummarize
7、s.Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience,after they 17 with theexperiment,“not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without1 1/2020communication,which makes absolute sense,19 human beings thrive off
8、 of social connections.Its that 20 :Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1.A ticket2.A nothing3.A beaten4.A message5.A under6.A misinterpreted7.A fired8.A unreasonable9.A comfortable10.A attend11.A dangerous12.A hurt13.A lecture14.A trainees15.A reveal16.A voyage17.A went through18.A In
9、turn19.A unless20.A funnyPart APart ADirections:Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)(40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at h
10、omethan at work.Researchers measured peoples cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were atwork and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lowerlevels of stress a
11、t work than at home,”writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damske.In fact womeneven say they feel better a t work,she notes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier athome than at work.”Another surprise isthat findings hold true for both those withchildren andwithout,but more so for nonparents.Th
12、is is why people who work outside the home have betterhealth.What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when theyre at home,2 2/2020B permitB linkB guidedB cedeB beyondB misappliedB judgedB ungratefulB anxiousB pointB mysteriousB resistBconversationB employeesB chooseB flig
13、htB did awayBIn particularB sinceB simpleC signalC anotherC pluggedC noticeC behindC misadjustedC replacedC unconventionalC confidentC takeC violentC bendC debateC researchersC predictC walkC caught upC In factC ifC logicalD recordD muchD broughtD signD fromD mismatchedD delayedD unfamiliarD angryD
14、turnD boringD decayD negotiationD passengersD designD rideD put upD In consequenceD whereasD rareSection II Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading Comprehensionwhether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of theworkday is a time to kick back.For women who s
15、tay home,they never get to leave the office.Andfor women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.Withthe blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in makingadjustments for working women,its not surprising that women are m
16、ore stressed at home.But its not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what theyre supposed to bedoing:working,marking money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.Thebargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws outlife-
17、sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which thedivision of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,thereare inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues your family have no clearrewards
18、 for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if theyre teenagers,threatened withcomplete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,theyre your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the
19、tasks apparentlyinfinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home _.A was an unrealistic place for relaxationB generated more stress than the workplaceC was an ideal place for stress measurementD offered greater relaxation than the
20、workplace22.According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?A Working mothersB Childless husbandsC Childless wives D Working fathers23.The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that _.A they are both bread winners and housewivesB their home is also a place for kicking ba
21、ckC there is often much housework left behindD it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word moola(Paragraph 4)most probably means _.A energyB skills C earnings25.The home front differs from the workplace in that _.A home is hardly a cozier working environmentB division of labor at home
22、is seldom clear-cutC household tasks are generally more motivatingD nutrition3 3/2020D family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2Text 2For years,studies have found that first-generation college students those who do not have aparent with a college degree lag other students on a range of educati
23、on achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely toadvance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed fordecades to recruit more of them.This has created“a paradox”in that recruiting f
24、irst-generationstudents,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has“continued toreproduce and widen,rather than close”an achievement gap based on social class,according to thedepressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is a
25、ctually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-cost program)can close 63percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation andother students.The authors of the paper
26、 are from different universities,and their findings are based on a studyinvolving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private university.Firstgeneration was defined as not having a parentwith a four-year college degree.Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)were recipien
27、ts of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduateswith financial need,while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parentwith a four-year degree.Their thesis that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact was based onthe view that first-generation stude
28、nts may be most lacking not in potential but in practicalknowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.They cite past researchby several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students“struggle to na
29、vigate the middle-class culture of highereducation,learn the rules of the game,and take advantage of college resources,”they write.Andthis becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage anddisadvantages of different groups of students.Because US colleges and universities
30、 seldomacknowledge how social class can affect students educational experience,many first-generationstudents lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them canimprove.26.Recruiting more first-generation students has _.A reduced their dropout ratesB narrowed the
31、 achievement gapC missed its original purposeD depressed college students4 4/202027.The author of the research article are optimistic because _.A the problem is solvableB their approach is costlessC the recruiting rate has increasedD their findings appeal to students28.The study suggests that most f
32、irst-generation students _.A study at private universitiesB are from single-parent familiesC are in need of financial supportD have failed their college29.The author of the paper believe that first-generation students _.A are actually indifferent to the achievement gapB can have a potential influenc
33、e on other studentsC may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsD are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30.We may infer from the last paragraph that _.A universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB students are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC soci
34、al class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Text 3 Even in traditional offices,“the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much moreemotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”said Harvard Business
35、 Schoolprofessor Nancy Koehn.She started spinning off examples.“If you and I parachuted back toFortune 500 companies in 1990,we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey,mission,passion.There were goals,there were strategies,there were objectives,but we didnt talk aboutenergy;we didnt t
36、alk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”-oriented andnot by coincidence.“Lets not forget sports in male-dominated corporate America,its still a bigdeal.Its not explicitly conscious;its the idea that Im a coach,andyoure my team,and were inthis toget
37、her.There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies,but most think ofthemselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning and,as Khurana points out,increase allegiance to the firm.“You have the importation of termino
38、logy that historically used tobe associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations:Terms like vision,values,passion,and purpose,”said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly5 5/2020loud debates over work-life balance.The“m
39、ommy wars”of the 1990s are still going on today,prompting arguments about why women still cant have it all and books like Sheryl SandbergsLean In,whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.Terms like unplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the
40、 office and the home.But ifyour work is your“passion,”youll be more likely to devote yourself to it,even if that means goinghome for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak:Everyone makes fun of it,but managers love it,companies depend on
41、 it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As Nunberg said,“You can getpeople to think its nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.”In a workplace thatsfundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning,office speak can help you figure out how yourelate to your work and how your work defi
42、nes who you are.31.According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become _.A more emotional B more objectiveC less energetic D less strategic32.“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to _.A historical incidentsB gender differenceC sports culture D athletic executive33.Khurana believes
43、 that the importation of terminology aims to _.A revive historical termsB promote company imageC foster corporate cooperationD strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In _.A voices for working womenB appeals to passionate workaholicsC triggers debates among mommiesD praises motiva
44、ted employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?A Managers admire it but avoid itB Linguists believe it to be nonsenseC Companies find it to be fundamentalD Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Text 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department r
45、eported for June,alongwith the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.And they were right.For now6 6/2020it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get backto full employment,but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster
46、 pace.However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.Therewas a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is wor
47、th making an importantdistinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.They take part-timework because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence ofweakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard ti
48、me makingends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June,but the general direction has beendown.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is downby 640,000(7.9 percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and inv
49、oluntary part-time employment becausepeople tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35hours in the reference week.If the answer is“yes”,they are classified as worked less than 35 hoursin that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because
50、 they had no choice.Theyare only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to workless than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was toallow people to get insurance outside of employment.For ma