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1、 初三英语语法及专项训练 （宾语从句、定语从句部分） Grammar Object Clause 总结基本概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。I think (that) you will like the students. I am interested in what she is doing. They often worry about whether they can get the jobs. 基本特点：一、选择合适的连结词。 1. 词that（在口语、非正式文体中可以省略，本身没有意义）。
2、引导陈述句做宾语从句。如： I tell him that I have read the story. 2. 连词if或whether（是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。 Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow? 3. 代词who（作主语）、whom（作宾语）、whose（定语）、which（主语、定语）；连接副词when, why, how, where, (均作状语)。引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。 He didnt know when he would leave for Shanghai.* 否定的用法 有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语
3、从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。 I dont think youre right. = I think you arent right. 二.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前。 (1)主句（主语谓语vt）（that）从句（主语谓语）； (2)主句if/whether从句（主语谓语）； (3)主句连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which+陈述句语序（主语谓语）； (4）主句连接副词when/where/why/how+陈述句语序。使用时就注意连词的意义，是否担任成份。例如： 1) Can you hear_? A. wh
4、at did he say B. that he said C. what he said 2) Can you tell me? Whats your name? -Can you tell me what your name is? 3) He didnt understand Can this machine work? He didnt understand if this machine could work.三. 宾语从句的时态呼应：1. 当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。2. 主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一
5、般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。做宾语从句练习时, 要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态”! 宾语从句练习1. The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2. Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3. The students want to know whether the
6、y_ a dictation today in class.A. had B. has C. will have D. are4. She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5. Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D.had traveled6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C.
7、 when D. that7. I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where8. I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who9. She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be10. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A.
8、 whether B. where C. what D. when11. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B. when C. why D. how12.He asked me _told me the accident.A. whom B. which C. who D. whose13.They dont know _their parents are. A. that B. what C. why D. which14.Please tell me _last year.A. where does your
9、 sister work B. where did your sister work C. where your sister works D. where your sister worked15.She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it16. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said w
10、hat D. what has your mother said17. Did you know _?A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after18. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave
11、Beijing19. What did Mike say? He said_. A. if you were free the next weekB. what color was it C. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spring20. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he fromB. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come backD. not to be so angry 21. Let me tell you _
12、. A. how much is the carB. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spent on the car22. Peter knew _.A. weather he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris.Grammar 定语从句定义：修饰名词和
13、代词的从句叫做定语从句. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.The book (which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.) 先行词 关系词关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句。 2.代替先行词。 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词引导定语从句的用法一.由 who指人, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语。例如:(1) This is the man who
14、helped me.(2) Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?二.whom指人, 引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,常可省略。(1) The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room.(2) The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。如: (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.三. that指人时，相
15、当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.(2)The house (that/which) we live in is not large. =The house in which we live is not large.四. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the p
16、en (which) he bought yesterday.五.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语, 如： (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (指人) (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. (指物) whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken wil
17、l soon be repaired. (4) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 但是下列情况只能用that.先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等。All (that) you have to do is to practice every day.There isnt much (that) I can do.先行词
18、被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时。The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen.先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。The white flower is the only one
19、that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want to read. (同一本书)当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导。Who is the man that is standing there?Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this ?先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the persons and things
20、that we could remember. time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972. who, that （先行词为人）都可以修饰表示人的先行词,区别如下.1.用who不用that的情况：(1) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, those时。
21、 (2) 当先行词为人称代词时。Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practice more. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.用that不用who的情况：(1) 当先行词既是人又是物。 (2) 当句子出现一个who，为避免重复。关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。(1) He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had remembered there(2) Who is th
22、e man that spoke to you just now?(3) Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.关系副词引导定语从句用法 1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。 When= on which (1) I still remember the day when(= on which) I first came to the school. (2) The time when(= on which) we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。 Where
23、= in which (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. ( where=介词which)3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 why= for which (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+
24、关系代词”引导的从句替换。 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) Great changes have taken place in the city in which（where）I was born.定语从句练习Fill in the blanks：1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、Thi
25、s is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the Peoples Republic of China was founded.7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、They work in a factory radio parts ar
26、e made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles from here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.13、Well put off the m
27、eeting till next week, we wont be so busy.14、The sun gives the earth light and heat,_ is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He was often late, made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked abou
28、t the teachers and schools he had visited.II、correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we
29、 spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried. 8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept. 10、Ap
30、ril 15, 1976 is the day when well never forget.11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher. 12、This is all which I can do for you.13、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .14、Can you think of anyone whos house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me wor
31、ks very well.定语从句单项填空 1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at
32、D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. in which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Grea
33、t changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which yo
34、u talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old
35、.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. a
36、s16.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what17.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who18.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who19.You
37、re the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who20.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what21.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it22.I can never fo
38、rget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when23.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./24.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which25.T
39、he reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what26.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who27.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which28.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A.
40、 all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which29.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 30.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 31. You can depend on whateve
41、r promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 32. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 33. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 34. I shall never forget those years
42、 _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 35. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 36. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. follo
43、wed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 37. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 38. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 39. Is _ some Germa
44、n friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 40. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 41. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 42. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _