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1、2022-2023学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word;for the other blanks,use on
2、e word that best fits each blank.Discovering a BrotherKieron Graham always knew he had an older brother.His adoption papers signed and sealedwhen he was three months old,listed a brother named Vincent but no last name.Though Kieronspent years (think)about Vincent,he could never track him down.That c
3、hanged in December 2017,2 Kieron adoptive parents gave their four adoptedchildren Ancestry DNA tests as Christmas gifts.Kieron,now 21,sent his saliva(唾液)sample infor analysis.When his results came back,he was surprised to find he had some DNA matches forrelatives who 3(take)the test,too.Most were di
4、stant connections,but one match was sostrong that it 4(label)close family59.His name was Vincent Ghant.Kieron looked for himonline and soon made a possible connection.This is going to sound so wild.but you seem5(be)my brother,Kieron wrote on the instant messaging app.“I was given up 6 adoption in 19
5、97 and it says on my paperwork that my mother has ason with your name and your birth date.Her name is Shawn.,“OMG do you know your real name?”wrote Vincent,now 30.,9I think it was Tyler/4“OMG YES!You are my brother.”“Wow,”wrote Kieron.“This is crazy.said Vincent.The craziness was just beginning.As t
6、hey talked,the brothers realized they lived about 20minutes from each other,outside of Atlanta.More mind-blowing,they attended the same universityand majored and minored in the same subjects:political science and legal studies.“What are the odds were separated our entire lives and then end up at the
7、 same school withthe same interests?44 says Kieron.Now the brothers had the chance to make up for the 7(lose)time.They decided to meetat a local tea shop that week.I was really nervous says Kieron.“I was wondering 8 I should say.As he waited outside the shop,he heard someonecall his name,and he sudd
8、enly found 9 in a hug with the brother hed thought about hisentire life.The men went inside and talked.uWe connected,says Vincent,46 10 we alreadyknew each other.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only beused once.Note that there is one wor
9、d more than you need.LonelinessA.affectedB.communityC.conditionD.contactE.decreased F.deliveredG.fearfulH.intensityI.meaningfulJ.seriousK.unrealisticUniversity found one in four Australians feel lonely with many reporting anxiety aboutsocialising and 30 per cent saying they didnt feel part of a grou
10、p of friends.Both young and oldpeople are 11,though people over 65 are the least lonely“People tell me their friendsdont ring them anymore says William Yeates,who now runs webinars to bring people togetherothers.One lady told me she doesnt get any visitors;the only time she has any human12 is in the
11、 weekly webinar.I invited her out for lunch but she couldnt do it.Shewas too 13:Worryingly,one in eight young people aged 18-25 report a very high 14 ofloneliness,and are more likely than older people to feel greater levels of social anxiety.Even school-aged children report feeling lonely and isolat
12、ed and say they dont have 15connections with people around them.While people have always felt lonelyits part of the h u ma n 6theres nodoubt that the modem world,with longer commuting times and greater numbers of people livingalone,has worsened the trend.Irene Verins,a manager at Mental Wellbeing,Vi
13、cHealth,saysloneliness in younger people aged 18 to 25 is often driven by 17 ideas.So 18 is loneliness internationally that the UK government appointed a Ministerfbr Loneliness and in 2011 launched a Campaign to End Loneliness.Its estimated that every 1spent on relieving loneliness in Britain has 19
14、 a 2-3 saving in costs for the economy.Thats because the loneliness of individual people impacts the social togetherness of the whole20.The fewer lonely people,the lower the healthcare costs and the greater thewellbeing of everyone.9,This is national issue,u says Verins.III.Reading ComprehensionSect
15、ion ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words orphrases marked A,B5 C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.How did Cape Town,South Africa,get into a Day Zero situationwhen the citys taps wouldgo dry because its reservoirs（水库）would
16、become dangerously low on water?The city gets itswater from six reservoirs in Western Cape province,which usually 2J during therainy season,from May through August.But since 2015 the region has been suffering from theworst drought（干旱）in a century,and the water in those reservoirs 22 tremendously.Com
17、pounding the problem,Cape Towns population has grown substantially,increasing23.The city actually did a pretty good job by reducing leaks in the system,a majorcause of water waste,and has even won awards for its 24 policies.But thegovernment of South Africa was slow to declare a national disaster in
18、 the areas hit hardest by thedrought,paving the way for the recent 25.Cape Town is not 26.Since 2014 southeastern Brazil has been suffering itsworst water shortage in 80 y e a r s,27 decreased rainfall,forestation and other factors.And many cities in India do not have access to municipal water for m
19、ore than a few hours a day,ifat al l.28,the city of Shimla ran out of drinking water in May,urging locals to begtourists to stay away from the popular Himalayan summer resort.In the U.S.,the situation is somewhat better,but many urban centers still 29water problems.Californians recent multiyear drou
20、ght led to some of the states driest years onrecord.Since about half of the states urban water usage is fbr landscaping,it was able to cut backon that fairly easily.But cities that use most of their water for more essential uses,such as drinkingwater,may not be so 30.3J,steps can be taken to avoid u
21、rban water crises.In general,a portfolioapproach that relies on multiple water sources is probably most 32.Cape Town hasalready begun implementing a number of water projects,including tapping groundwater andbuilding water-recycling plants.Many other cities will need to repair existing water infrastr
22、ucture（基础建设）to cut down on leakage.City leaders should be thinking about meeting long-term needsrather than just about 33 requirements.Good organization and financialaccountability are equally critical.And planning efforts should include diverse stakeholders（利益相关者）from the community.One major challe
23、nge is providing services to informal areas,whichdevelop without any government foresight.Such regions often 34 basic resources 一a well-planned water supply among them.The global community has an opportunity right now totake action to prevent a series of Day Zero crises.If we dont act,many cities ma
24、y soon face a timewhen there isnt a drop to 35.into21.A.take overB.fill upC.make offD.set out22.A.decreasedB.roseC.remainedD.drowned23.A.likelihoodB.proportionC.demandD.efficiency24.A.architectureB.agricultureC.economyD.conservation25.A.policyB.growthC.crisisD.change26.A.enoughB.possibleC.difficultD
25、.alone27.A.making up forB.resulting fromC.taking advantage ofD.looking28.A.In a wordB.By comparisonC.Whats worseD.Forexample29.A.avoidB.solveC.discussD.face30.A.passiveB.purposefulC.adaptableD.reliable31.A.SimilarlyB.FortunatelyC.InitiallyD.Alternatively32.A.questionableB.memorableC.effectiveD.confu
26、sing33.A.dailyB.legalC.maximumD.normal34.A.neglectB.lackC.provideD.find35.A.drinkB.pourC.placeD.recordSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choicesmarked A,B,C and D.Choose the one t
27、hat fits best according to the informationgiven in the passage you have just read.（A）A great deal can be learned from the actual traces of ancient human movement:the footprintsof early hominids（原始人类）.The best-known specimens（标本）are the remarkable tracksdiscovered at Laetoli,Tanzania,by Mary Leaky.Th
28、ese were left by small hominids around 3.6 to3.75 million years ago.Examination of the shape of the prints revealed to Mary Leakey that the feet had a raised arch,a rounded heel（脚跟），a pronounced ball,and a big toe that pointed forward.These features,together with the weight-bearing pressure patterns
29、,resembled the prints of upright-walking modemhumans.The pressures imposed along the foot,together with the length of step,which averaged 87centimeters,indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly.In short,all the detectable featuresimplied that the feet that left the footprints were very lit
30、tle different from those of contemporaryhumans.A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry,a technique for obtainingmeasurements through photographs,which created a drawing showing all the curves and shapes ofthe prints.The result emphasized that there were at least seven point
31、s of similarity with modemprints,such as the depth of the heel impression,and the deep imprint of the big toe.Footprints thusprovide us not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids,but also withevidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained fro
32、m the analysis ofbones.The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods.Hundredsof prints are known for example,in French caves dating from the end of the last Ice Age,approximately 10,000 years ago.Research by Leon Pales has provided information about this perio
33、d.36.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The career of Mary Leakey.B.The analysis of footprint specimens.C.Accurate dating of hominid remains.D.Behavioral patterns of early humans.37.The figure of 87 centimeters mentioned in paragraph 2 refers to the size of the.A.hominids feetB.hominids bodiesC.
34、steps taken by the hominidsD.objects carried by the hominids38.Why does the author mention the“heel impression“in paragraph 3?A.To indicate the weight of early hominids.B.To emphasize the size of the hominids foot.C.To hint at a possible injury the hominid had suffered.D.To give an example of simila
35、rity to modem human footprints.39.What can be inferred about the footprints found in French caves mentioned in the lastparagraph?A.They show more details than the Laetoli prints.B.They are not as informative as the Laetoli prints.C.They are of more recent origin than the Laetoli prints.D.They are mo
36、re difficult to study than the Laetoli prints（B）The elements other than hydrogen and helium（氮气）exist in such small quantities that it isaccurate to say that the universe somewhat more than 25 percent helium by weight and somewhatless than 25 percent hydrogenAstronomers have measured the amount of he
37、lium throughout our galaxy（星 系）and inother galaxies as well.Helium has been found in old stars,in relatively young ones,and in thedistant objects known as quasars.Helium nuclei have also been found in cosmic rays that fall on theearth（cosmic rays are not really a form of radiation;they consist of ra
38、pidly moving particles（颗粒）of numerous different kinds）.It doesnt seem to make very much difference where thehelium is found.Its amount never seems to vary much.In some places,there may be slightly moreof it;in others,slightly less,but the proportion of helium to hydrogen nuclei always remains aboutt
39、he same.Helium is created in stars.In fact,nuclear reactions that turn hydrogen to helium areresponsible for most of the energy that stars produce.However,the amount of helium that couldhave been produced in this manner can be calculated,and it turns out to be no more than a fewpercent.The universe
40、has not existed long enough for this figure to be significantly greater.Consequently,if the universe is somewhat more than 25 percent helium now,then it must have beenabout 25 percent helium at a time near the beginning.However,when the universe was less than one minute old,no helium could have exis
41、ted.Calculations indicate that before this time temperatures were too high and particles of matter weremoving around much too rapidly.It was only after the one-minute point that helium could exist.Bythis time,the universe had cooled sufficiently.But the nuclear reactions that led to the formation of
42、helium went on fbr only a relatively short time.By the time the universe was a few minutes old,helium production had effectively ceased.40.According to the passage,helium is.A.difficult to detectB.the oldest element in the universeC.a common element in quasarsD.the second element in the universe in
43、amount41.Why does the author mention“cosmic rays“in paragraph 2?A.To explain how the universe began.B.As part of a list of things containing helium.C.As an example of an unsolved astronomical puzzle.D.To explain the abundance of hydrogen in the universe.42.Most of the helium in the universe was f or
44、 me d.A.in invisible spaceB.in a very short timeC.before most of the hydrogenD.during the first minute of the universes existence(C)Every year millions of breeding monarch butterflies in the U.S.and southern Canada searchfor milkweed plants on which to lay their eggs.Concern over shrinking habitat(居
45、住土也)has urgedconservationists to create monarch-friendly spaces along roadsides,which are more than enoughwithin the butterflies range and usually publicly owned.But traffic noise stresses monarchcaterpillars out,a new study finds.They eventually do become desensitized to itbut that mightcause troub
46、le to them later on,too.Noise pollution is known to affect the lives of birds,whales and other creatures.But untilrecently,scientists had never tested whether it leads to a stress response in insects.When AndyDavis,a conservation physiologist at the University of Georgia,noticed online videos of roa
47、dsidemonarch caterpillars apparently trembling as cars came by,he wondered how the constant noisemight affect them.Davis built a custom caterpillar heart monitor,fitting a small sensor into amicroscope to precisely measure monarch caterpillars9 heart rates as they listened to recordings oftraffic so
48、unds in the laboratory.The hearts of caterpillars exposed to highway noise for two hours beat 17 percent faster thanthose of caterpillars in a silent room.But the heart rates of the noise-exposed group returned tobaseline levels after hearing the traffic sounds nonstop for their entire 12-day develo
49、pment period,Davis and his colleagues reported in May in Biology Letters.This desensitization could be problematic when the caterpillars become adults Davis says.Arapid stress response is vital for monarch butterflies on their two-month journey to spend winters inMexico,as they narrowly escape preda
50、tors（捕食者）and fight wind currents.Whether a noisy developmental period reduces monarchs survival rates remains unknown,notes Ryan Norris,an ecologist at the University of Guelph in Ontario,who was not involved in thestudy.But in any case,he believes roadside habitat almost certainly drive up the butt