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1、考研前30天成功试卷(英语)试卷1Model Test 1Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blankand mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In October 2002,Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank 1 a new electronic market( economic indices that 2 substantial econom
2、ic risks,such as nonfarm payroll(a measure of job availability)and retail sales.This newmarket was made possible by a 3 rading technology,developed by Longitude,aNew York company providing software for financial markets,4 the ParimutuelDigital Call Auction.This is“digital 5 of a digital option:ie,it
3、 pays out only if anunderlying index lies in a narrow,discrete range.In effect,Longitude has created ahorse race,where each“horse“wins if and 6 the specified index falls in a specifiedrange.By creating horses for every possible 7 of the index,and allowing people tobet 8 any number of runners,the com
4、pany has produced a liquid integratedelectronic market for a wide array of options on economic indices.Ten years ago it was 9 impossible to make use of electronic information abouthome values.Now,mortgage lenders have online automated valuation models thatallow them to estimate values and to 10 the
5、risk in their portfolios.This has led to aproliferation of types of home loan,some of 11 have improved risk-managementcharacteristics.We are also beginning to see new kinds of 12 for homes,which will make itpossible to protect the value of 13,for most people,is the single most important 14of their w
6、ealth.The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporationprogramme,15 last year in the city of Syracuse,in New York state,may be a modelfor home-equity insurance policies that 16 sophisticated economic indices of houseprices to define the 17 of the policy.Electronic futures markets that are b
7、ased oneconometric indices of house prices by city,already begun by City Index and IGIndex in Britain and now 18 developed in the United States,will enablehome-equity insurers to hedge the risks that they acquire by writing these policies.These examples are not impressive successes yet.But they 19 a
8、s earlyprecursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massiverisks of inequality that 20 will beset us in coming years.1.A created B generated C initiated D originated2.A reproduce B restore C represent D resume3.A sophisticated B expensive C available D established4.A made
9、B called C asked D read5.A in the course B in the event C in the light D in the sense6.A when B until C now that D only if7.A extent B range C line D area8.A for B in C on D up9.A virtually B admittedly C absolutely D originally10.A assume B assess C dismiss D erase11.A them B which C that D whom12.
10、A management B insurance C security D technology13.A what B those C where D it14.A guarantee B protection C component D source15.A secured B sponsored C released D launched16.A look to B set up C lay down D rely on17.A terms B specifications C concepts D consequences18.A is B being C been D are19.A
11、emerge B appear C stand D aiise20.A somehow B anyway C otherwise D therebySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1The California Public Employees Reti
12、rement System(CalPERS)has positioneditself as the premier champion of investor rights,regularly singling out badmanagers at some of the nations largest companies in its annualcorporate-governance focus lists.And with$153 billion under management,WallStreet tends to listen when CalPERS speaks out.But
13、 the countrys largest pensionfund has never taken on as big a fish as it did Dec.16,when it filed a class actionagainst the New York Stock Exchange and seven of its member firms.CalPERSsuit charges the NYSE and specialist firms with fraud,alleging that the exchangeskirted its regulatory duties and a
14、llowed its members to trade stocks at the expenseof investors.The move is a major slap in the face for the NYSEs recently appointed interimChairman John Reed.The former Citibank chairman and CEO came on board inSeptember after the exchanges longtime head,Richard Grasso,resigned underpressure over pu
15、blic outrage about his excessive compensation.Reed has been widely criticized by CalPERS and other institutional investors fornot including representatives of investors on the exchanges newly constitutedboard and not clearly separating the exchanges regulatory function from itsday-to-day operations.
16、The CalPERS lawsuit is evidence that the investmentcommunities dissatisfaction hasnt ebbed.Our hopes were dashed when Mr.Reeddidnt perform,says Harrigan.The suit alleges that seven specialist firms profited by abusing and overusing aseries of trading tactics.The tactics,which are not currently illeg
17、al,include pennyjumping,where a firm positions itself between two orders to capture a piece of theprice differential,front running,which involves trading in advance of customersbased on confidential information obtained by their orders,and freezing the firmsorder book so that the firm can make trade
18、s on its own account first.Many of the suits allegations are based on a previously disclosed investigationof the exchange conducted by the Securities&Exchange Commission.Accordingto the suit,the October SEC report found serious deficiencies in the NYSEssurveillance and investigative procedures,inclu
19、ding a habit of ignoring repeatviolations by specialist firms.The suit highlights the growing frustration that institutional investors haveexpressed with what they perceive as a system that needs to be revamped if noteliminated.According to California State Comptroller Steve Westley,a CalPERSboard m
20、ember who participated in the Dec.16 press conference,he has repeatedlycalled on the NYSE to end its use of specialist firms to facilitate trades and move toa system of openly matching of buyers and sellers.BLIND EYE?Theres noreason not to move to a fully automated exchange,Westley says.Every exchan
21、gein the world is using such a system.The time is now for the NYSE to move into the21st century and remove the cloud that theres self-dealing working againstinvestors.21.What does the word“a 2sh”(Para.1)probably refer to?A.CalPERS.B.pension fund.C.Wall Street.D.NYSE.22.The CalPERS lawsuit indicates
22、t h a t.A.the NYSE did ignore its regulatory dutiesB.John Reed should resign Hke his predecessorC.the investors were dissatisfied with the NYSED.the exchange should have its board reelected23.Which of the following statements is Not true?A.Investors were not sufficiently represented on NYSEs board.B
23、.The seven specialist firms made profits by illegal procedures.C.CalPERS9 suit against the NYSE resulted largely from a SECs report.D.NYSE had ignored the firms improper operations for a long time.24.According to Westley,NYSEs problem results f r o m.A.its reliance on specialist firmsB.its system of
24、 matching tradersC.its automated exchangeD.its violation of investors,interests25.The best title for the text may be.A.Champion of investor rightsB.Seven specialist firmsC.CalPERS speaks out to Wall StreetD.Lawsuits against NYSEText 2Multifunction superpills arent nearly as farfetched as they may so
25、und.Andreducing such serious risks to heart health as soaring cholesterol,diabetes,and highblood pressure potentially could save many lives and be highly lucrative for drugcompanies.A combo pill from Pfizer(PFE)of its hypertension drug Norvasc andcholesterol-lowering agent Lipitor could have huge po
26、tential,says Shaojing Tong,analyst at Mehta Partners.Offering two functions in one pill itself is a huge,ffconvenience.If such pills catch on,they could generate significant revenues for drugcompanies.In Pfizers case,the goal is to transfer as many qualified patients aspossible to the combo pill.Nor
27、vascs patents expire in 2007,but Pfizer could avoidlosing all its revenues from the drug at once if it were part of a superpill.Sena Lund,an analyst at Cathay Financial,sees Pfizer selling$4.2 billion worth ofNorvasc-Lipitor by 2007.That would help take up the slack for falling sales ofLipitor,which
28、 he projects will drop to$5 billion in 2007,down from$8 billion lastyear.Pfizer argues that addressing two distinct and serious cardiovascular risk factorsin one pill has advantages.People with both hypertension and high LDL cholesterol(the bad kind)number around 27 million in the U.S.,notes Craig H
29、opkinson,medical director for dual therapy at Pfizer,and only 2%of that population reachesadequate treatment goals.Taking two treatments in one will increase the number ofpatients who take the medications properly and assist in getting patients to goal,he says.Doctors also may be quick to adopt Norv
30、asc-Lipitor,Pfizer figures,because itsmade up of two well-studied drugs,which many physicians are already familiarwith.But Dr.Stanley Rockson,chief of consultative cardiology at StanfordUniversity Medical Center,says fixed-dose combination pills represent aninteresting crossroads for physicians,who
31、are typically trained to approach eachindividual problem with care.Combining treatments would challenge doctors toapproach heart disease differently.But better patient compliance is importantenough,says Rockson,that he expects doctors to be open to trying the combinedpill.Some other physicians are m
32、ore skeptical.If you want to change dosage on oneof the new pills two drugs,youre stuck,fears Dr.Irene Gavris,professor ofmedicine at Boston University School of Medicine.She says she would feel mostcomfortable trying the combination pill on patients who have been on the drugsfor a while and are thu
33、s unlikely to need changes in dosage.As usual,economics could tip the scales.Patients now taking both Lipitor andNor vase could cut their insurance co-pay in half by switching to the combo drug,Gavris notes.Thats a key advantage.Controlling hypertension,for instance,canrequire three or more drugs,an
34、d the financial burden on patients mounts quickly.Ifpatients also benefit as Pfizer and other drug companies contend making theswitch to superpills could be advantageous for everyone.26.Pfizer could avoid the loss caused by expiration of Norvascs patents by.A.reducing the various risks to heart heal
35、thB.switching the patients to the superpillsC.offering greater convenience to patientsD.increasing the sales of Lipitor27.Which of the following is Not one of the advantages of superpills?A.Lessening several risks to the heart at the same time.B.Restoring the lost body functions of the patients.C.Co
36、ntributing enormously to the income of drug companies.D.Helping more patients to reach treatment goals.28.The fourth paragraph is intended mainly to.A.contrast different responses to combopillsB.explain Pfizers expectation of doctors,supportC.illustrate doctors,possible reception of combopillsD.stre
37、ss the importance of patient compliance29.It can be inferred from the text t h a t.A.doctors approval is decisive for the invention of medicinesB.drug companies will benefit a lot from the new pills financiallyC.different people exhibit different attitudes toward the new pillsD.switch in medications
38、 is up to a combination of factors30.The authors attitude towards superpills can best be described as one of.A.approvalB.neutralC.toleranceD.disapprovalText 3After their 20-year-old son hanged himself during his winter break from theUniversity of Arizona five years ago,Donna and Phil Satow wondered
39、what signsthey had overlooked,and started asking other students for answers.What grew from this soul searching was Ulifeline(www.ulifeline.org),a Website where students can get answers to questions about depression by logging onthrough their universities.The site has been adopted as a resource by ov
40、er 120colleges,which can customize it with local information,and over 1.3 millionstudents have logged on with their college IDs.Its a very solid Web site that raises awareness of suicide,de-stigmatizes mentalillness and encourages people to seek the help they need,said Paul Grayson,thedirector of co
41、unseling services at New York University,which started using theservice nearly a year ago.The main component of the Web site is the Self-E-Valuator,a self-screeningprogram developed by Duke University Medical Center that tests students todetermine whether they are at risk for depression,suicide and
42、disorders likeanorexia and drug dependence.Besides helping students,the service compilesanonymous student data,offering administrators an important window onto themental health of its campus.The site provides university users with links to local mental health services,acatalog of information on pres
43、cription drugs and side effects,and access to Go AskAlice,a vast archive developed by Columbia University with hundreds ofresponses to anonymously posted inquiries from college students worldwide.Forstudents concerned about their friends,there is a section that describes warningsigns for suicidal be
44、havior and depression.Yet it is hard to determine how effective the service is.The anonymity of theonline service can even play out as a negative,There is no substitute for personalinteraction（个人互动才能解决），said Dr.Lanny Berman,executive director ofthe American Association of Suicidology,based in Washin
45、gton.Ulifeline would be the first to say that its service is no replacement for an actualtherapist.The purpose is to find out if there are signs of depression and then directpeople to the right places,said Ron Gibori,executive director of Ulifeline.Mrs.Satow,who is still involved with Ulifeline,call
46、ed it a knowledge basethat might have prevented the death of her son,Jed.If Jeds friends had known thesigns of depression,they might have seen something,she said.31.The first paragraph is written to.A.report the suicide of a young manB.show the suffering of Mr.And Mrs.SatowC.describe the Satows5 con
47、fusion over their sons deathD.introduce the topic of a website called Ulifeline32.One reason that many colleges adopt the website is to.A.provide their students with campus informationB.offer medical treatment to students in mental disorderC.encourage their students to seek advice about depressionD.
48、give their students various help they may need33.Go Ask Alice as mentioned in the passage is.A.a side effect caused by some prescription drugsB.intended to counsel college students on mental problemsC.a collection of medical responses from students the world overD.meant to describe the various signs
49、 of mental disorders34.The first sentence of the sixth paragraph implies t h a t.A.only actual therapy can ensure adequate treatmentB.the help given by the web service is doubtfulC.doctors have expressed a negative view of the serviceD.a therapists office is the first place for the depressed to go35
50、.Mrs.Satow would probably agree t h a t.A.Jeds friends can prevent her sons deathB.her sons suicide is unavoidableC.Ulifeline is a worthwhile websiteD.depression is the final cause of suicidesText 4The meanings of science and technology have changed significantly fromone generation to another.More s