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1、2019年中考英语阅读理解题技巧（绝对精品，建议大家下载打印练习）【考点分析】阅读理解旨在考查学生阅读、理解的能力。近几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新颖，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力、根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，考查学生关注细节的能力占很大部分。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？一、解题思路（一）先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。（二）快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和
2、尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。（三）细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：1.抓住四个“W和一个H，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What（事件），When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。2.抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进
3、行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。3.注意领会文章的寓意。4.根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种：直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。题 干 中 有suggest,conclude,conclusion,pr
4、obably,reason,because,according to”等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。捕 捉 关 键 词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。转 换 解 题 法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。排 除 法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所
5、做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。二、题型分类初中英语阅读理解往往有以下三大题型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以顺利做好这些题目：（一）选择符合文章的选项（二）判断正误【典型例题分析】（一）根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。Mr Brown first went to look at the underground-fire when he was seven.Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire,but you had to lookfast because it was so h
6、ot,1 said Mr Brown.In 1898,he saw the fire once more（再次）.Now,we can only see the smoke.The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground-fire.In fact,there are 260 coal（煤）fires in the world.They are harmful（有害）and dangerous.Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal
7、 to speed up（力 口 速）the fires.In this way,the burning（燃烧）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被烧完）。1.Mr Brown first saw the underground-fire.A.at the age of seven B.seven years oldC.in the year of 1898 D.more than（超过）80 years ago2.Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire b e c
8、 a u s e.A.it was in the hole B.it was very hotC.it was orange D.it was harmful3.How many coal fires are there in the world?A.Theres only one.B.Its hard to say.C.There are 260.D.The article（文章）doesnt tell us.4.Whats one of the best ways to put out（扑灭）the underground fire?A.To cover（覆盖）the holes with
9、 stones（石块）.B.To speed up the fires.C.To see the fires burning.D.To do some experiments（试验）.5.What is the best title（标题）for the article?A.Watching the Underground-Fire.B.A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.C.The Burning Earth.D.Coal and Coal Fires.答案分析1.在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据。at the age of seven等于when hewas
10、 seven,故正确答案为A。2.这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为Bo3.这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为C4.在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案 为Bo5.完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给出直接的回答。文章从MrBrown两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为Bo(二)根据文章内容判断正误Fred telephoned his wife.Ive got two free tickets for t
11、he theatre tonight,M he toldher.Meet me outside the office.Well have something to eat and then go on to thetheatre.Freds wife was very pleased.They hadnt been to the theatre for a long time.Shemet her husband as he told her.They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred too
12、k out his wallet to get the tickets.Its very strange,hesaid.They arent here!Try your pockets,“said his wife.But the tickets werentthere,either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed(尴尬).Whats the matter?asked his wife.“Well,“Fred said,I remember what I did with my tickets.I put them in my bag.Butbecause
13、I wasnt going home,I left it in the office!()1.One day,Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.()2.Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.()3.Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.()4.They reached the theatre neither late nor early.()5.Then Fred couldnt find his tickets and reme
14、mbered what he had done withthe tickets.答案分析：1、T 因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife“F ve got two free tickets”fieee”此处是免费的意思。2、F 第二段中提到“They hadnt been to the theaterfor a long time?3、F 第一段中 Fred 说“Meet me outside the office.”4、T第二段中“intime”是及时的意思。5.T结尾处提到的。三、题材分析（-）家庭、朋友与个人情况在中考阅读理解中，记叙文阅读题目的考查难度逐年增加，多使用贴近
15、学生生活的素材，多以故事形式出现。针对这种题型主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果,以及人物之间的关系，从中分析他们的思想品质、性格特征等；理解文章大意后，找出关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在，这样，便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。这类阅读一般是对文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常重要的。做题思路：先看清题干，带着问题读文章，明确把握问题指向，避免“回视”现象，提高做题的速度。例如：1990 was a significant year in world events.In February,Nelson Mandela was set
16、free after 27 years in prison.In October,East and West Germany became one countryagain.Then at the end of 1990,the World Wide Web was born.For this final eventwe have one man to thank,Tim Berners Lee,the father of the Web.Berners Lee was bom on June 8,1955 in London,England.His parents,bothcomputer
17、designers,encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up.Hewas an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science.After graduating from Oxford University,Tim went to work at a science researchcentre in Switzerland.There he developed some of the different systems
18、that wouldlater become the Web.The first was HTML,the computer language used to make webpages.The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each otherand send and receive information.In 1990,while still at the science centre inSwitzerland,he put them together to make the first In
19、ternet browser。刘览器）.It couldrun on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their informationwith the rest of the world.Tim knew that the more people used the Web,the more useful it would be.Hewasn*t interested in money but knowledge,so he gave out his invention for free toanyone wh
20、o was interested.Many were interested and the growth of the Internetbegan.Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America,researching new andinteresting ways to use the Web.He has received many awards from governments andorganizations for his efforts.He is still not very interested in money.Tha
21、t is why he isso admired by his students and workmates.It may also be one of the reasons that fewpeople outside the world of technology know his name.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。()1.The underlined word significant(in Paragraph 1)most probably meansA.strange B.terrible C.important D.difficult()2.Which of the f
22、ollowing statements is true according to the passage?A.The address system was used to make web pages.B.The World Wide Web was created in Switzerland.C.The first web browser was very expensive to buy.D.Many people could use the Internet before 1990.()3.What can we learn about Berners Lee from the pas
23、sage?A.He was encouraged to be creative.B.He didn*t do well at school.C.He is a very poor businessman.D.He is well known all over the world.()4.Where does Berners Lee live today?A.England.B.Switzerland.C.America.D.Canada.()5.What is the passage mainly about?A.The events that took place in 1990.B-The
24、 history of the Internet.C.The invention of the Internet browser.D.The man who created the Word Wide Web答案解析：1.C根据第一段第三、四句话可知，发 生 在1990年的世界事件：东西德统一，World Wide W eb的诞生。由此我们不难推测出，significant是指“重要，重大”。故 选Co2.B 根据第三段“an address system that let computers anywhere find each otherand send and receive infor
25、mation”可 知 选 项A与此不符；根据第四段可知，Tim只 对 知 识 感 兴 趣 而 对 金 钱 并 不 感 兴 趣，因 此 他 免 费 贡 献 出 他 的 发 明webbrowser,故 选 项C不正确；根据第一段，我 们 知 道w eb是 在1990年诞生的，因 此1990年前，人们不可能使用w eb,故 排 除D o所以正确答案为Bo3.A 根据第二段可知，T im学习成绩优秀，故 排 除B；文中没有提T im是个商人，故 排 除C；根据最后一段最后一句话“few people outside the world oftechnology know his name.可 知T i
26、m并非世界闻名，故 排 除D。根据文中第二段”encouraged him to think and work creatively”可知正确答案为 A。4.C根据最后一段第一句可知Tim现在住在美国。5.D 这篇文章主要介绍的是 W eb之 父Tim Berners Lee.（二）学校生活与语言学习校园生活与语言学习是中考阅读理解考查的一个热点话题，一方面与学生生活、学习、交流等息息相关；另一方面，来自社会，紧贴社会生活，具有一定的时代感和现实意义。这类话题多是说明文，做题时要注意说明的对象、内容及说明方法。这类题要注意每段话的开头部分，整体把握材料信息。做题思路：把握信息，找出题眼，梳理信
27、息，进行解答问题。When you see the girl for the first time,you may think she is a boy.She is veryoutgoing（夕卜向的）.Who is she?Wang Meng,the Chinese top skater.On the evening of February 26th,2010,Wang Meng first got to the finishing linein 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the womens 1000 meters short track speed
28、skatingfinal（短 道 速 滑 决 赛）at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games（温哥华冬奥会）.After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races,she won her thirdgold medal this time.With this one China won four gold medals in the womens shorttrack speed skating.That helped China first win the team gold medal in Wi
29、nterOlympics history.Just before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughedterribly.With the words of nYou can,you can do!n she won at last.She said,nI reallyfeel these three gold medals belong to my team,to China.It was with the help of myteam that I won the prize.”Though Wang Meng is o
30、nly twenty-four,she has been the most successfulChinese skater.We are proud of her and her team.We hope she will be faster in SochiOlympics in 2014.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。()1.China won gold medals in the womens short track speed skating.A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5()2.It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to
31、finish the short trackspeed skating final.A.womens 1000 B.men*s 1000C.womens 500 D.menfs 500()3.In Wang Mengs opinion,made her win the prize at last.A.a strong body B.a bad coldC.her teams help D.much exercise()4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Wang Meng is very outgoin
32、g like a boy.B.Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater.C.Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team.D.China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history.答案解析1.C 由第二段倒数第二句With this one China won four gold medals.”可知正确答案为Co2.A 由第二段第一句.Wang Meng first got to the finishin
33、g line in 1 minute and29.213 seconds in womens 1000 meters.”可知正确答案为 A。3.C 由第一段最后两句I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team.with the help of my team that I won the prize.”可知由于团队的帮助她才获得了成功，故正确答案为Co4.D 由第二段最后一句That helped China first win the team gold medal.可知D项的表述是错误的。（三）天气与自然随着社会经济的快速发
34、展，社会和谐已提上日程，天气与自然环境很快就成为人们关注的话题之一。此类话题多是说明文和议论文。这就要求我们了解说明文和议论文的特点，这样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读，才能自觉地完成命题要求，取得高分。解题思路：把握该类话题的特征，对所给信息进行归纳整合例如：Earthquakes happen without warning（前K）.They can happen any time of a day,at any point during the year.When an earthquake is happening,you should knowwhat you should do or
35、 not do.Do NOT go outside.You could get injured from falling glass or parts ofbuildings.If you are outside,stay away from buildings and power lines（输电线）.Stay under a desk,table,or other strong furniture.Hold on to it.Or stay in acorner of the building.Cover your face and head with your arms and cove
36、r yourmouth with a towel or clothing.Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to gooutside.Keep away from windows,pictures or advertisements on the wall or thebuilding,and anything else that could fall and hurt you.Most people get injured byfalling things during an earthquake,not by the shakin
37、g itself.Also keep away from a fire.You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.If you are driving when an earthquake happens,stop the car if its safe.Stayinside your car until the earthquake stops,and dont drive near bridges.Try not to stopby power lines or trees.These could fall and hurt you
38、.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。()1.It isnt safe fbr you to while the earthquake is happening.A.run out of the buildingB-stay in a comer of the buildingC.cover your head with your armsD.cover your mouth with a towel()2.From this passage,we know.A.many people fear earthquakesB.earthquakes maybe happen at any time
39、C.we cant save ourselves in an earthquakeD.people never get injured in earthquakes()3.The best title for this passage should be”,A.How Earthquakes HappenB.How to Drive a CarC.What We Should Do in EarthquakesD.Why Earthquakes Happen答案解析1.A BCD三项在第三段可找到答案；根据第二段内容可知A项的做法是不安全的，故正确答案为Ao2.B根据第一段前两句可知，地震可能
40、随时会发生，故B项为正确答案。3.C通过全文可知本文主要是在介绍发生地震时，我们应该采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受伤，故正确答案为Co(四)历史与地理本话题在中考中所占比例不多，在历史方面要注意历史事件发生的时间、地点、原因以及有何影响等，而对地理知识的考查，一般多与旅游观光等内容相结合，这就要求我们了解各地的名胜古迹、遗址等。解题思路：熟悉文章，找准问题关键所在，提高解题速度和质量。例如：On February 3rd,1949,New York Harbor（港）was an exciting place.Many peoplewere there to greet a ship from
41、France.On the ship were 49 French railroadboxcars（,车车厢）filled with gifts from the people of France to the people ofAmerica.These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train（Merci,a French wordmeaning nthank you）.After world War II（二战），a lot of factories,roads and farms in France had beendestroyed.Many
42、French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and littleto eat.In the winter of 1947,a train was sent across the United States,stopping incities and towns along the way.At every stop,people gave whatever theycould.Factories gave clothing and medicine.Farmers gave food.Families gavemoney.
43、Even school children gave away their pocket money（零用钱）.All the thingswere then taken to France by ship.By 1949,the French had begun to recover（恢复）from the war.The Merci Trainwas their way of saying thank you to America.French people had filled the boxcarswith gifts.Most of them were personal,like ha
44、nd-made toys,childrens drawings,or postcards.But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of thegifts.On each car,the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40provinces,with an American eagle on the front.The boxcars were taken to each stateof America,where they were warm
45、ly greeted.Now many of the states still keep their boxcars.Gifts sent by the French peoplecan still be seen in some museums.The Merci Train came out of the war,but it nowreminds the world that countries can also work together in peace（和平）.阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。（）1.Many people crowded at New York Harbor
46、on February 3rd,1949 toA.welcome the Merci TrainB meet their familiesC.have a big partyD.start a trip by ship（）2.In 1947,a train stopped in cities across America in order toA.give away clothing and foodB get more soldiers for the warC.collect things to help French peopleD.show exhibitions from the m
47、useums()3.The underlined word them in Paragraph 3 refers to(指).A.the American peopleB the French peopleC.the boxcarsD.the gifts()4.The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on eachboxcar b e c a u s e.A.they thought France was stronger than AmericaB.it could show the friends
48、hip between the two countriesC.the boxcars would be more beautifulD.they were very good at painting pictures()5.The passage is mainly a bout.A.the story of the Merci TrainB.American museums where the boxcars are keptC.gifts that American people likedD.World War II答案解析1.A 根据第一段内容我们可知许多人来到New York Har
49、bor的目的是为了欢迎来自法国的Merci T rain,故正确答案为A。2.C 根据“At every stop,people gave whatever they could.All the things werethen taken to France by ship.”可以推测出正确答案为Co3.D 根据第三段第三句和第四句的personal,like hand-made toys.”可 知 them指代的是gifts,故正确答案为Do4.B 根据”.the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40provinces,
50、where they were warmly greeted.”可以推测出正确答案为 B。5.A通过文章内容我们可知整篇文章都是围绕Merci Train来写的，故正确答案 为 Ao(五)社会万象在中考阅读理解中，本话题包括的题材很多，它们来自生活，来自社会，针对这些题材要求抓住关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在，这样便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。这种题型一般是对文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常重要的。解题思路：看清题干，明确把握问题指向，带着问题读文章，避免“回视”现象，提高做题的速度，提高解题质量。例如：In most cultures,when yo