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1、第一篇 Studies Show US Spending Doesnt Get Best Health研究表明美国在医疗卫生方面的花销没有使它成为最好的The United States may spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries but it is not getting results tomatch,according to three studies released on Tuesday.根据星期二发布的研究结果，美国在卫生保健方面的花费是其他富裕国家的两倍，但并设有得到相应的结果。But in the
2、 studies of five wealthy countries,published in the journal Health Affairs,researchers found no single nation had clearly the worst or best health care system.在（医疗事件杂志上发表的对五个富有国家的研究中，研究者们发现没有哪个国家有明显的最坏或最好的医疗体系。Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins Universitys schoolof public health and colleagues came up
3、 with a list of 21 health fields they could evenly compare across the five countries Australia,Canada,Britain,New Zealand and the United States.约翰 霍普金斯大学的公共卫生学院的Gerard Arderson及其同事制定出一个21个医疗领域的名单，他们将横向地比较五个国家澳大利亚、加拿大、英国、新西兰和美国。None of the five countries.is consistently the best or the worst on all 2
4、1 indicators,Anderson told a telephone briefing for reporters.安德森在对记者的电话简报中说：“在这所有的21项指标里，这五个国家中没有一个始终保持是最好的或最坏的。”If you are looking for the place to get the best care,there isnt a single place.Every country has at least oneindicator where it scores the best of the five countries(and)each country ha
5、s at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries.“如果你正在寻找一个能够得到最好的医疗的地方，没有这个地方。每个国家至少有一个指标是排在第一位的，也至少有一个指标排在最后。”But,he said,the United States is not getting value formoney.但是，他说美国的钱花得不值。The United States should be particularly concerned about these results,given that we spend
6、 twice as much on hea1th care as any other country.So spending more doesn*t necessarily result in better outcomes.“鉴于我们比别的国家多花一倍的钱，美国应该尤其关心这些结果。花的钱多并不定就会有好的结果。”Andersons group of international health experts sponsored by The Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study,getting the latest-
7、possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leukemia survival,suicide rates,death rates from asthma,vaccination rates and cancer screening.由联邦基金资助的Anderson的国际卫生专家团花了五年的时间做这个研究，从五个国家得到如乳腺癌、自血病存活率、自杀率、哮喘死亡率、接种率和癌症检查等领域的尽可能新的数据。第二篇 Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart
8、Disease在美国大多数成年人有低风险的心脏疾病More than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College ofCardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.根 据 美国心脏病学杂志上的报告，80%以上的美国成年人在今后十年内
9、患心脏病的风险不到10%。只 有3%的人患心脏病的风险超过了 20%。“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers.health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population.,lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention in Atlanta,s
10、aid in a statement.来自美国疾病控制中心的第一作者Earl S.Ford博士在一次报告中说：“我希望这些数字能够使外科医生、研究者、卫生政策分析家和其他人更好地了解冠心病在美国人口中的分布状况。”The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.这
11、些研究结果基于对13769个20岁 至79岁的实验对象的数据分析得到的，他们参与了 1988年 到1994年的第三次全国卫生和营养普查。Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.总的来说，82%的成年人患心脏病的风险低于10%,15%的人风险在10%-20%之间，3%的人风险高于20%。
12、The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and me were more likely than womento be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.实验对象年龄越大，在最高风险组中所占的比例越大；男人进入该组的可能性亦大于女人。对比之下，种族对心脏病风险的分布没有什么作用。Although the report suggests th
13、at most adults have a low 10 year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.来自洛杉矶的西达 西奈医学中心的Daniel S.Berman博士和来
14、自加利福尼亚大学的Nathan D.wang博士在个相关的评论中说道，尽管报告显示大多数成年人十年内患心脏病的风险较低，但是在有风险者中，很大一部分所面临的风险却是很高的或是刻不容缓的。Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategiesare needed to shift the overall population risk downward,theyadd.他们补充说，需要积极的治疗措施和公共卫生政策来使整体人口的患病的风险降低第 三 篇S m o k i n g 吸烟Since 1939,numerous studies
15、 have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life ex
16、pectancy.自1939年以来，许多研究已经进行，以确定是否吸烟危害健康。证据的趋势是一致的，表明存在严重的健康风险。研究小组进行研究，显示无可置疑的是吸烟与寿命缩短有关。Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers inthis field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to berelated to cancer of some othe
17、r organs of the body.Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease thannon-smoking males.Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.吸烟，相信大多数研究人员在这领域成为在肺部和咽喉癌的发生发展的重要因素，被认为是关系到身体的其他器官癌症。男性吸烟者有心脏病比不吸烟的男性的死亡率更高。女性吸烟者被认为是受影响较小，因
18、为他们没有在烟雾吸入如此之深。Apart from statistics,it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body.Smoke is a mixture of gases,vaporized chemicals,minute particles of ash and other solids.There is also nicotine,which is powerful poison,and black tar.As smoke is breathed in,all those components
19、from depositson the membranes of the lungs.One point of concentration iswhere the air tube and bronchus divides.Most lung cancer begins at this point.除了统计数字，可能会有所帮助烟草是否对人体。烟是一种混合气体，蒸发化学品，火山灰和其他固体颗粒分钟。也有尼古丁，这是强大的毒药，和黑色焦油。由于烟雾吸入，所有这些组件对肺膜的存款。个集中点是在空气管和支气管分歧。大多数肺癌开始在这一点上。Filters and low tar tobacco are
20、 claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,but they can only slightly reduce,not eliminate the hazards滤波器和低焦油香烟是表示要争取在一定程度上吸烟，更安全，但只能略为减少，不能排除的危险。第 四 篇 some sleep drugs do more than make you sleep一些睡眠药物不只让你睡着The United States Food and Drug Administration has ordered companies to place strong new
21、warnings on thirteen drugs that treat sleep disorders.It also ordered the makers of the sleeping pills to provide information for patients explaining how tosafely use the drugs.美国食品和药物管理局已经命令公司在新的警告在十三治疗睡眠紊乱的药物。还要求安眠药生产商为病人提供信息，解释如何安全使用药物。Last Wednesday,the FDA announced that some of these drugs can
22、 have unexpected and dangerous effects.These includethe risk of life-threatening allergic reactions.They also includerare incidents of strange behavior.These include people cooking food,eating and even driving while asleep.The patients laterhad no memory of doing these activities while asleep.上周三，FD
23、A宣布这些药物会产生意想不到的危险。这些包括危及生命的过敏性反应。他们还包括奇怪行为。这些人们做饭，吃饭甚至开车时睡着了。之后病人没有记忆，他做了些什么。Last year,a member of the United States Congress said hehad a sleep-driving incident.Patrick Kennedy,a representativefrom Rhode Island,crashed his car into a security bamer near the building where lawmakers meet.The acciden
24、t happened in the middle of the night and no one was hurt.Mr.Kennedysaid he had earlier taken a sleep medicine.He said he was also being treated with a stomach sickness drug that can cause sieepiness.去年，美国国会的一名成员说他有一个睡眠驾车事件。帕特里克甘乃迪，一个来自罗德岛的代表，把车撞到立法会大楼附近的安全护栏。事故发生在半夜，没有人受伤。甘乃迪先生说他之前吃了安眠药。他说他也有胃痛的药可引
25、起嗜睡的治疗。The Food and Drug Administration did not say in its announcement how many cases of sleep-driving it has documented.However,the New York Times reported last year about peoplewho said they had strange sleep events after taking the drugAmbien.Some reported sleep-driving and sleep-walking.Otherss
26、aid they found evidence after waking in the morning that they had cooked food or eaten in their sleep.But they had no memory of carrying out the activities.美国食品和药物管理局的公告中没有说有多少例睡眠驾驶记录。然而，在纽约时报去年报导了一些人说他们吃过药后有奇怪的睡眠事件。一些报道说睡眠驾驶和步行。其他人说，早晨起床后，他们在睡梦中做饭和吃饭他们发现的证据。但他们没有记忆开展活动。A Food and Drug Administratio
27、n official says that these serious side effects of sleep disorder drugs appear to be rare.But,he also said there are probably more cases than are reported.He said the agency believes the risk of such behaviors couldbe reduced if people take the drugs as directed and do not drink alcohol while taking
28、 the drugs.The Food and Drug Administration has advised drug companies to carry out studies to investigate the problem.食品与药品管理局的官员说，这些严重的睡眠障碍的药物的副作用很少出现。但是，他也说可能会有比报道的耍多。他说，该机构认为这种行为的风险可能是如果人们服用的药物直接和不喝酒而服用药物降低。美国食品与药品管理局建议药物公司进行的研究调查这个问题。And thats the VOA Special English Health Report,writtenby Cat
29、y Weaver.Our reports and audio links can be found .You can send a health question to .Please remember to include your name and country.Im Steve Ember.这就是今天的美国之音特别英语健康报道，由Caty韦弗写的。我们的报告和音频链接可以在。你可以把一个健康问题o请记住，包括您的姓名和国家。我是史提夫恩伯。第 五 篇Dangers await babies with altitude高海拔的婴儿有危险Women who live in the worl
30、ds highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.个新的研究表明住在世界高海拔地区的女人通常生下体重不足的婴儿。这些婴儿在长大成人后得心脏病和中风的风险很大。Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than avera
31、ge.But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because theirmothers are under-nourished-many people who live at highaltitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.研究暗示在山区出生的新生儿低于平均体重。但是还不清楚这是由于在高海拔的地方氧气不足，还是由于他们的母亲没有获得足够的营养许多住在高海拔地方的人相对都比住
32、在低处的人穷。To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during1976 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poorareas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.L Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65 kilometers above sea level,wh
33、ileSanta Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometers.为了了解更多的情况，剑桥大学的迪诺 吉萨尼和他的团队研究了 1997年到1998年玻利维亚的400个新生儿的记录。这些婴儿出生于两个城市的富有和贫困地区：拉帕兹和散塔克鲁兹。拉帕兹是世界上最高的城市，海 拔3.65千米，而散塔克鲁兹低很多，海 拔440米。Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This w
34、as true in both high and low-income families.Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.Wewere very surprised by this result,says Giussani.当然，吉萨尼发现拉帕兹的新生儿的平均出生体重明显低于散塔克鲁兹的新生儿。无论高收入家庭还是低收人家庭都是如此。甚至散塔克鲁兹的贫穷家庭的婴儿比拉帕兹的富有家庭的
35、婴儿平均体重还要重。吉萨尼说：“我们对这个结果感到吃惊。”The results suggest that babies bom at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth.This may trigger the release orsuppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,says Giussani.这个结果表明在高海拔出生的婴儿出生前就缺氧了。吉萨尼说：“这可能会触发调节未出生儿成长的荷尔蒙的释放或抑制。”His team also fou
36、nd that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenatedblood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.他的团队还发现高海拔的婴儿通常有相对身体来说较大的头部。这可能是因为一个缺乏氧的胚胎会首先把充氧的血液输送到脑部，然后才送到身体的其他部位。Giussani wa
37、nts to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People bom in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweightis a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns witha high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high
38、blood pressure and strokes in later life.吉萨尼想要查出这样的婴儿在今后的生活中是不是更容易得病。例如在拉帕兹出生的人在成年之后更可能得心脏病。低出生体重是得冠心病的一个危险因素。头部相对身体较大的新生儿在今后的生活中通常更容易得高血压和中风。第 一 篇US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty美国签署全球烟草条约1.The United states has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help contr
39、ol the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)this week at theUnited Nations.The Senate must still approve the treaty beforethe US can implement its provisions.美国已经迈出，批准全球烟草公约，承诺帮助控
40、制烟草使用世界各地的致命影响的第一步。卫生与公众服务部长汤米汤普森签署了烟草控制(烟草控制框架公约)框架公约本周在联合国。参议院还必须批准该条约之前，美国可以执行其条款。2.The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly,including the United States,last year.Countries that ratify itwould be required to enact strict tobacco
41、control policies.烟草控制框架公约是由世界卫生组织和世界卫生大会，包括美国在内的成员批准，于去年。批准该公约的国家将需要制定严格的烟草控制政策。3.For instance,cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30%of the front and back of every pack.The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes,restrictions on smoking in public places,a
42、nd more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs.It also requires banson tobacco advertising,though there are some exceptions forcountries like the United States,where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.例如，销售的卷烟，在这些国家就必须拥有至少30%的健康警语前面和后面每包。该条约要求较高的烟草税。限制吸烟的公共场所，更是烟草预防和戒烟计划
43、推广。这还要求禁止烟草广告，虽然有像美国，那里的宪法禁止这种全面禁止一些国家例外。4.The impact of the treaty could be huge.The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 millionpeople worldwide very year.In the US alone,about 440,000people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses;about one-third of al cancers i
44、n the US are caused by tobacco use,If current trends continue,WHO estimates,by 2025 tobacco will kill10 million people each year.该条约的影响可能是巨大的。据世界卫生组织估计，烟草使用造成约500万人在全球非常一年。仅在美国，大约有44万人死于与烟草每年有关的疾病，约三分之一的美国基地三分之 癌症是由吸烟引起的，如果目前的趋势继续下去，世卫组织估计，到 2025年的烟草，将 杀 死 1000万人每年。5.The treaty must be ratified by a
45、t least 40 countries befbre it can take effect.So far,109 countries have signed it,and12 have ratified it.该条约必须在批准至少40个国家，才可以生效。到目前为止，109个国家已经签署，12个已批准。第 二 篇Napping to a Healthier Heart?午睡使心脏更健康?Researchers think a protein level can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart att
46、ack.Also,a study saysafternoon sleep may cut the risk of dying from a heart attack.研究人员认为，蛋白质水平可以判断个人是否与心脏疾病是可能患上心脏病。同时，一项研究说，下午睡可能减少死于心脏病的风险。Researchers say they have developed a simple test that cantell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a
47、 protein in the blood.Theresearchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.研究人员说，他们已经开发了一个简单的测试，可以判断一个人是否与心脏疾病是可能患上心脏病。血液中的蛋白质水平的测试方法。研究人员说，人与高水平的这种蛋白质是高危险性心脏病，心脏衰竭或中风。Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California inSan Francis
48、co led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.克尔斯滕比宾斯位于三藩的加利福尼亚大学的多明戈领导的团队。大约四年来，他们已经研究了一千例心脏病。The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely tha
49、n those with the lowest levels tohave a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.研究人员测试了心脏病患者为NT proBNP蛋白。患者的最高水平的近八倍更有可能比那些与最低水平有心脏病，心脏衰竭或中风。The researchers say the presence of high levels of theprotein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men
50、,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true forwomen.研究人员说，高水平的血液中的蛋白质的存在显示心脏肌肉的压力下。参与研究的大多数是男性，所以研究者不能肯定地说，结果也适用于妇女。They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high biood pressure.他们说，与 NT proBNP水平最高的患者，