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1、UnitlActive reading(1)Catching crabsLanguage points1 and we all started to get our heads down (Para 1)To get onef s head down means to concentrate and focus on studying.In otherBritish informal contexts,it can mean to sleep.Note also,to keep one s head down means to continue todo something quietly,e
2、specially when there is trouble happening around you.Unit 1 Discovering yourself2 Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the followingyear.(Para 1)This is a conversational elliptical sentence.A standard way of saying this is:The most important things,of course,were the fin
3、al exams in April and May in the following year.3 No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class,so the peer grouppressure to work hardwas strong.(Para 1)Peer group pressure is the pressure to conform that people,especially childrenand young people,oftenfeel from the immediate group of tho
4、se around them who are of the same age orstatus.4 Libraries,were standing room only until the early hours of the morning,and guys wore the bagsunder their eyes and their pale,sleepy faces with pride,like medals provingtheir diligence.(Para 1)The expression s tanding room only means there are no more
5、 seats available becausethe place is crowded.This expression is often used in public performances,for sports events and onpublic transport to meanthat you have to stand because the place is packed with people.Bags under their eyes refer to loose dark areas of skin that you get when youhave not had e
6、nough sleep.The expression guys wore the bags under their eyes vith pride means that thestudents were proud thattheir tired appearance showed how hard they had been studying,and the bags undertheir eyes were likemedals.5 It wasn t always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they weregoi
7、ng to do.(Para 2)A high flyer refers to someone who has achieved a lot and has the ability anddetermination to continue tobe successful in their studies or job.In university,a high flyer is a topstudent.6 Quite often it was the quieter,less impressive students who had the nextstages of their life ma
8、ppedout.(Para 2)To have something mapped out means to have something that will happen plannedin detail.7 One had landed a job in his brother,s advertising firm in Madison A venue,another had got a scriptunder provisional acceptance in Hollywood.(Para 2)To land a job means to get a job that you wante
9、d.Provisional acceptance refers to an acceptance which is arranged(in principle),but is not yet definite.Itis temporary and could be changed.8 The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activistat a local level.(Para 2)A party activist is someone who takes part in activities th
10、at are intended toachieve political change,someone who is a member of a political organization.9 We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day.(Para 2)To end up somewhere means to be in a particular place or state after doingsomething or because of it.Here,a party activist might end
11、up in Congress,as a result of making careerprogress.10 But most people were either looking to continue their studies and thensettle down with a family,a mortgage and some hope of promotion.(Para 2)To look to continue their studies here means to hope or expect to continue theirstudies-whether theycan
12、 do so would probably depend on their exam results and grades.You can alsolook to someone forhelp,advice or support.Discovering yourself Unit 1A mortgage is a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank or financialorganization inorder to buy a house.You pay back your mortgage by making mo
13、nthly payments,plus interest.Thus,getting a mortgage for many young people means getting a flat or house of theirown.11 I braced myself for some resistance to the idea.(Para 10)A brace is a piece of wood or metal which supports an object so that it doesnot fall down.So to braceoneself means to hold
14、oneself together in readiness for something difficult orunpleasant.12 You don t need to go into a career which pays well just at the moment.(Para16)To go into a career means to start working in a particular job,business or career.13 Several times the crab tried to defy his fellow captives,without lu
15、ck.(Para25)The crab tried to defy the others as it resisted others or refused to obey themwhen it tried to escape.The expression without luck means without success,being unable to do what youwant.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage.3 The cage was ful
16、1 of crabs.One of them was trying to escape,but each timeit reached the top the othercrabs pulled it back.In the end it gave up trying and started to prevent othercrabs from escaping.4 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What happened to the students in the fall of the final year?(a)They becam
17、e more relaxed.(b)They became more serious.(c)They spent more time outside.(d)They stopped going to lessons.2 Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning?(a)They d been to an all-night party.(b)They d started worrying about their future.(c)They d spent all night in the library.(d)T
18、hey wanted to impress their teachers.3 Which students had already planned their future?The ones who had the best grades.The ones who came from wealthy families.The quieter ones who didn t have the best grades.The ones who wanted to get married and start a family.ly did the writer go home?He wanted t
19、o speak to his father.He could study better at home than at college.He had to attend a job interview.It was a national holiday.X)/7)z)zabcdz(xz(/(/(X)/17X)/)zabcdz(xz(z(xz(xUnit 1 Discovering yourself5 Why did his father take him out to catch crabs?(a)They needed to get something to eat for dinner.(
20、b)He wanted to show him how to catch crabs.(c)He wanted to tell him something about life.(d)They both wanted to enjoy the coastline and the sea.6 What advice did his father give him?(a)Get to know yourself better.(b)Watch what others do carefully.(c)A lways listen to your father.(d)You can t always
21、do what you want.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results(productive)2 the fact of being present at an event,or of going regularly to school,churchetc(attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new,such as a plan,idea,or change(resis
22、tance)4 determined to be successful,rich,famous etc(ambitious)5 agreement to a plan,offer,or suggestion(acceptance)6 the written words of a play,film,television programme,speech etc(script)7 very good,large,or showing great skill(impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words
23、 in Activity 5,To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although(1)attendance on a screenwritingcourse will definitely help you learn the skills.You also need to be very(2)ambitious-the film businessis very competitive.You have to be prepared to work hard and be very(3)productiv
24、e because it takesmore than just one good idea to make it big.No matter how(4)impressive youridea is,there willalways be(5)resistance from producers because it s too expensive.So makesure you have plenty ofothers to show them.What are you waiting for?Get on with writing that brilliant(6)script and p
25、lan your(7)acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 We ve seen a place we like and we re applying for a loan to buy a house,(mortgage)2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into
26、the horizon,(deck)3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking,and the whitewater hitting the shore,(surf)4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country,life is hard and fishermenhave to go against the forcesof nature every time they go to work,(coastal;defy)5 Agreement was fin
27、ally reached after a long and heated discussion,(lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something,has it(a)been prepared,or(b)not beenprepared?2 When you map out your future,do you(a)plan it carefully,or(b)draw a sketchof it on paper
28、?Discovering yourself Unit 13 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant,do you(a)try not to thinkabout it,or(b)prepareyourself for it mentally and physically?4 Do you moor a boat by(a)turning the steering wheel,or(b)tying it to apost with a rope?5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that(a)is b
29、right and shiny,or(b)mighthave been left out in the rainand is covered with brown substance?6 If a bowl is brimming with soup,is it(a)very full,or(b)half empty?7 If someone is being held captive,are they(a)free to do as they please,or(b)being kept as a prisoner?8 If you have figured out something,ha
30、ve you(a)added numbers together,or(b)understood it?Active reading(2)2 Work in pairs.Look at the title of the passage and choose the best way to completethe sentences.1 The passage will be(c).(a)a newspaper article about life expectancy(b)a sad story about death(c)advice about how to make the most of
31、 your life(d)a warning that modern lifestyles are bad for healthUnit 1 Discovering yourself122 The passage is likely to be(d).(a)serious)z7)/bcdz(x/(X(/(b)funny(c)depressing(d)a mixture of all three3 The passage is likely to say(b).(a)young people don,t think enough about deathlife is shortpeople ar
32、e dying unnecessarilypeople don,t enjoy life enoughWe are all dyingBackground informationThe passage is taken from Everything Tha t Happens to Me Is Good,a book of thoughts,experiences andinsights from the life of Geoff Thompson.The writer worked in many differentjobs,including nine yearsas a“bounce
33、r”in a nightclub in London(a bouncer has the tough job of makingsure that no one causestrouble,eg if they are rude,drunk or violent).He then trained full-time inkarate,judo and other martial artsand became well-known as a martial arts instructor.He lived out his dream tobecome a writer,authoringover
34、 30 books on self-defence and self-improvement and has recently been makingfilms and writing for thescreen.A sked what he had learnt from his years in martial arts,he said,“Themain thing I ve learned is thatwherever there is discomfort there is growth,but what people do is to look forgrowth in areas
35、 of comfort-and there s no growth in comfort.So look for areas of growth that areuncomfortable but allow you to grow,and learn to become comfortable in those areas.”Language points1 I have some good news and some bad news for you(as the joke goes).The badnews-and I m verysorry to be the bearer-is th
36、at we are all dying.It s true.I ve checkedit out.(Para 1)Good news and bad news are often paired together in jokes and in comments onnew information or recentevents where there is a mixture of positive and negative aspects,eg The goodnews is*But the badnews is To check something out means to examine
37、 something or someone in order to becertain that everything iscorrect,true,satisfactory or acceptable.Check this out!is anattention-getting exclamation which meanshere s something interesting to have a look at.2 we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rosegarden of some
38、localcemetery.(Para 1)Coffin is a long box in which a dead person is buried.The expression coffindweller is a humorous way torefer to dead people.The expression trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery refersjokingly to the ashes of adead person placed in a cemetery garden where people
39、 walk on the buried ashes.Discovering yourself Unit 1133 After all,we never quite know when the hooded,scythe-carrying,bringer-of-the-last-breath mightcome-a-cal1ing.(Para 1)The expression the hooded,scythe-carrying,bringer-of-the-last breath refersto the reaper,a person whoreaps or cuts corn for th
40、e harvest and is a symbol of death from medieval timesof the West.A reaper ispersonified as a tall figure dressed in a black cloak with a hood covering hisface and carrying a scythe,a cutting tool with a long curved metal blade used for cutting,or reaping longgrass or corn.The reaperbrings death or
41、brings your last breath.The expression when the reaper arrivesmeans when death comesto you.4 and nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanitylike the untimely exit ofa friend.(Para 1)The word exit here means leaving this world or death.The word untimely meanshappening at a tim
42、e thatis not suitable because it causes problems.An untimely death is too soon orwhen a person is young.5 Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertaintyof life.(Para 3)That we are all budding crypt-kickers is a humorous way of saying that we areall potentially soon to b
43、eburied,ie dead.6 The prologue and epilogue are already typed in.All that s left is the middlebit choose the meat ofthe story.(Para 3)A prologue is a piece of writing at the start of a book,or the beginning ofa play,film or TV programmethat introduces a story.A n epilogue is at the end of a novel,pl
44、ay or pieceof writing,which carries an extracomment or extra information about what happens after the main story.Here,thewriter s point is that theprologue(birth)and epilogue(end,death)of your life are already written,but we al 1 choose to write themiddle bit-the meat of the story.7 So,all those pla
45、ns that you have on the back burner,you know,the greatthings you re going to dowith your life when the time is right”?(Para 4)A back burner is literally one of the back parts of a cooker which is used forheating or cooking food.Metaphorical ly,if you put something on the back burner,it means you hav
46、e decidednot to do it untillater.It is at the back of the cooker,just simmering or cooking slowly,soyou don,t give it priority becauseit doesn,t need your full attention.The expression this back-burner stuff(Para10)thus refers to thingswhich have low priority and get little attention.8 There s only
47、a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash.(Para 5)A promissory note is a document giving details of your promise to pay someonea particular amount ofmoney by a particular date.The writer means that tomorrow,or the future,is1 ike a promissory note forwhich you never get the cash,b
48、ecause the future never comes unless you act nowand use time wisely,asif tomorrow is today.9 but regret and a rear-view mirror full of could haves”,“should haves”and would havesn.(Para 5)A rear-view mirror is a mirror fixed to the front window of a car that lets thedriver see what is happeningbehind
49、.Here,the mirror refers to the past,which is behind us.We don,t wantsuch a mirror full of regretsabout things we could/should/would have done,but did not do.Unit 1 Discovering yourself1410 I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side ofthe bowl-like they refilling a skip-and
50、 then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklifttruck to get it back tothe table They just know that they only have one shot at it.(Para 6)A skip is a large metal container used in the building industry for waste;itis carried away by a truckwhen it is full.A forklift truck is a vehicle th