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1、高中英语动词时态用法归纳:现在完成进行时一、构成have/has been+动词的现在分词。二、基本用法(1)表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止。如:Thetelephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning.整个早上办公室里的电话铃声不断。Since then they have been tring to find out how the fire began.自那时以来,他们一直在设法香明起火的原因。What have you been doing since I last
2、 saw you? 自我一次和你见面以后,你在做什么?In the past fewvears they have been dealing with quite a few international corporations successfully在过去的几年中他们与好几家跨国公司做生意一直做得很成功。(2)现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论:She is very tired. Shes been typing letters all day.她很累了,她整天都在打信件。Her eyes are red. She has been crying.她眼睛红了。她一直在哭
3、。(3) 有时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。如:They have been seeing each other recently.最近他们常常见面。三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别(1)现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作;而现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作。如:He has been writing a letter. 他一直在写一封信。(还在写)He has written a letter. 他写了一封信。(已完成)(2)少数动词如work.study.live.teach.stay等,用这两种时态含义差不多,只是在强调动作的持续性时,用现在完成进行时更多一些。如H
4、owlong has your brother worked /been working in this factory?你哥哥在这家工厂工作多久了?Ivelived/been living here since I taught in this schoo1.自从我在这所学校任教以来就一直住在这儿。(3)现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如:I have waited for two hours.我等了两小时。(陈述事实)I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)学好现在完成时的三类要点四、掌握四种用法现
5、在完成时有两种主要用法,即已完成用法(或影响性用法)和未完成用法(或持续性用法)。具体用法如下:1.影响性用法该用法表示某个动作发生干过去,完成干过去,但这这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如:He has gone home.他回家去了。(其影响或结果:现在不在这里)I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(其影响或结果:我知道其内容)He has finished his homework. 他完成作业了。(其影响或结果:可以做其他事情了)2.持续性用法该用法表示某动作发生干过去,但并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现
6、在,并目有可能继续下去(也可能到比结束)。如:He has been blind from birth. 他生下来就双目失明。He has lived here for five vears.他已在这儿住了5年。He has worked in films all his life. 他在电影界干了一辈子。3.重复性用法该用法表示在过去反复发生的动作,并且这个反复的动作一直延续至今。如:My father has always gone to work by bike.我父亲一向骑车上班。I have always found him difficult. 我老是感到他这人很难相处。4.将来性
7、用法该用法主要见于时间或条件状语从句中,用以表示一个将来完成的动作。如:Ill tell you when Ive finished.我完成的时候会告诉你。Ifshe hasnt gone to bed when you see her. tell her to give me a ring.如果你见到她时她还睡觉,让她给我打个电话。五、记住两类搭配1.通常与现在完成时搭配的副词现在完成时通常连用的副词有already,never, ever,just, before, recently等。如:Perhaps the train has already left也许火车已经开走了。She ha
8、s never replied to my letter. 她不曾回我的信。Have you ever been abroad before?你以前出过国吗?Weve not been to the cinema recently. 我们最近没去看过电影。Excuse me. a telegram has just arrived.对不起,打断一下,刚收到一份电报。但是,若不强调动作对现在的影响,这些副词也可用一般过去时。如:He just came back from abroad.州刚从国外回来。You didnt tell us this before. 你以前没有告诉过我这件事。2.现
9、在完成时与since的搭配since不管用作介词、连词还是副词,句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时。如:Since that time great progress has been made.从那时起已经取得很大的进步。(since为介词)He hasnt written to us since he arived in Britain.自从到达英国以后,他就一直没有写信给我们。(since为连词)He leftschoolin 1983.I havent seen him since. 他1983年离开学校,打那时起我一直没见过他。(since为副词)但是,表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时
10、代替现在完成时。如:Its a long time since I saw Mary. 我已经很久没见到玛丽了。Its ten years since I bought this house. 这房子我已买了10年。六、避开两类易混点1.现在完成时与一般过去时的混淆现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如:Marv lived here for five vears.玛丽在这里住了五年。(现在仍住这,)Marv lived here for five vears.玛丽在这里住过五年。(
11、现在不住这儿了I have read the book.我读过这本书。(现在还记得书的内容)I read the book when I was young. 我年轻时读过这本书。(不强调是否记得内容)2. have been to 和have gone to的混淆have been to 和have gone to 均可后接地点,但前者表示去过某地,通常可与表示次数的状语连用;后者表示到某地去了,强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。如:He has been to many places ofthe country.他去过这个国家的许多地方。He has gone to the country for the weekend.他去乡下度周末了。注:have been to 有时还可后接动词原形。如:The doctor has been to see the patient. 医生来看过病人了。学科网(北京)股份有限公司