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1、高考英语知识梳理-实义动词实义动词 一、按词汇功能分类一、按词汇功能分类1.不及物动词ache 疼痛apologize 道歉appear 出现arrive 到达come 来 cough 咳嗽 cry 哭dance 跳舞 die 死disappear 消失exist 存在 fall 掉 flow 流淌go 去happen 发生lie 躺 listen 听rise 升起run 跑stay 呆、留sit 坐 stand 站succeed 成功 swim 游泳2.及物动词accept 接受borrow 借bury 埋cover 覆盖defeat 挫败discover 发现enjoy 喜欢 excite
2、 使激动forget 忘记guess 猜测 interest 使感兴趣love 热爱please 使高兴put 放 raise 提高 surprise 使凉讶3.双宾语动词（1）及物动词+sth.to sb.allow 允许award 授予bring 带给hand 交给mail 邮寄 offer 提供owe 欠pass 传递pay 付给 sell 卖给 lend 借给 write 写post 邮递 read 读给 return 归还 send 寄给serve 招待show 展示 take 拿给 teach 教导 tell 告诉 throw 扔He gave me a picture-book
3、as a present.他给我一本图画书做礼物。He gave a picture-book to me as a present.I returned him the storybook.我把故事书还给他了。I returned the storybook to him.（2）及物动词+sth.for sb.book 预定buy 买choose 选择cook 做饭draw 画fetch 去取 pick 选择 make 制作order 订购 get 得到prepare 准备 save 节省 sing 唱歌steal 偷 fix 安装find 找到 He bought me a picture
4、-book as a present.他给我买了一本图画书做礼物。He bought a picture-book for me as a present.Ive ordered you an air ticket.我已为你预订了一张机票。Ive ordered an air ticket for you.【提示】只能用“动词+直宾+to+间宾”结构动词：explain，announce，report，suggest。The teacher explained the difficult point of grammar to me.老师给我讲解了语法难点。He announced to he
5、r his intention of going.他向她宣布他打算离开。I reported the theft to the police.我向警方报告了这起盗窃案。He suggested the plan to Haas.他向哈斯提出那个计划。4.复合结构动词（1）及物动词+宾语+形容词believe 相信consider 认为cut 切dye 染declare 宣布 drive 驱使find 发现force 强迫imagine 想象judge 判断 keep 使保持 leave 留下 make 使 push 推 paint 漆 set 使ou drive me mad when you
6、 say that.你讲这话真叫我恼火。They judged her stupid.他们认为她很蠢。Please set the bird free.请把鸟放掉吧。Mr Tomshon declared his story false.汤姆逊先生说他讲的事是假的。（2）及物动词+宾语+名词call 叫choose 选择consider 认为elect 选举find 找到keep 使make 使变为name 命名wish 祝愿We consider him a strange person.我们认为他是一个奇特的人。We find him an honest man.我们发现他是个诚实的人。W
7、e elected him chairman of the club.我们选他任俱乐部主席。【提示】 chairman是表示唯一的职务的名词，作宾补时前面不加冠词。（3）及物动词+宾语+to doadvise 建议allow 允许ask 要求beg 请求encourage 鼓励expect 期望get 使invite 邀请 order 命令teach 教tell 告诉warn 警告 want 想要 wish 希望Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.妈妈经常告诫我交朋友要慎重。I persuaded him to accept the
8、plan.我说服他接受这个计划。（4）及物动词+宾语+dolook at 看notice 注意observe 观察see 看见watch 注意看listen to 听hear 听见 feel 感觉have 使 let 让make 使The pain made him cry out.他痛得叫喊起来。I have never observed him act like that.我从来没见过他如此表现。We felt the house shake just now.我们刚才感觉房子晃了一下。Did you notice anyone take the book away？ 你看到谁把那本书拿走
9、了吗？（5）及物动词+宾语+to bebelieve 相信consider 认为declare 宣布find 发现imagine 相信judge 判断prove 证明report 报道think 认为deny 否认discover 发觉 feel 感觉guess 猜测know 知道suppose 架设understand 理解They all believe the story to be true.他们都相信这篇报道是真实的。He declared the story to be false.他断言这篇报道是假的。Imagine yourself to be in his place.设想你
10、自己处于他的地位，那又会怎么样呢？We judged the distance to be about four miles.我们估计距离大约是 4 英里。（6）及物动词+宾语+doingbring 引起catch 碰上 discover 发现feel 感觉get 使（动起来）have 让（一直）hear 听见keep 使（一直）leave 听任 find 发觉 start 使（引起）watch 观察 set 使（引起）notice 注意到 observe 观察 see 看见 send 使（突然）Her cries brought the neighbors running.她的哭喊声引得邻居
11、们都跑来了。The teacher caught the boy cheating.那孩子在作弊的时候被老师发现了。I discovered him living next to me.我发现他就住在我的隔壁。He felt himself getting younger and younger.他感到自己越活越年轻了。His words got us thinking.他的话使我们思索起来。His behaviour set people talking.他的行动引起了人们的议论。The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得我们非常高兴。He left m
12、e waiting outside in the rain.他让我站在雨里等候。His criticism started me thinking seriously.他的批评引起我认真思考。（7）及物动词+宾语+donefind 发现feel 感觉get 使have 使hear 听见make 使see 看见 think 认为 watch 注意看I couldnt make myself heard by all the listeners.我不能使所有听众都能听见我。He found himself surrounded by a group of children.他发现自己被一群孩子包围
13、了。（8）及物动词+宾语+副词ask 叫、让drive 驱使find 发现get 使invite 邀请let 让see 看见shut 关闭show 领Can I ask Bob in？ 我可以让鲍勃进来吗？Show the visitor in，please.请把客人带进来。They fought bravely to drive the enemy out.他们勇敢地战斗把敌人赶出去。（9）及物动词+宾语+介词短语discover 发现feel 感觉find 发现get 使have 使hear 听见keep 保持make 使notice 注意到see 看见Dont have children
14、 at home all day.Give them time to play outdoors.不要让孩子老呆在家里。给他们外出玩耍的时间。She discovered the cat under the table.她发现那只猫在桌子下。Keep these books on the shelf and take them when necessary.把所有的书放在书架上，用时随时拿。5.常用被动句式的实义动词be accustomed to 使习惯于be adapted to 适应于be addicted in 沉溺于be applied to 应用于be devoted to 致力于
15、 be dressed in 穿着be engaged in 从事于 be engaged to 同订婚be hidden in/among 藏身于be lost in 入迷be occupied with 从事be prepared for 准备be seated in （on）就座be stationed round 驻扎在周围He was hidden among the trees.他躲藏在树林里。Powerful troops were stationed round the capital.首都周围驻扎着强大的部队。实义动词 二、按词汇意义分类二、按词汇意义分类1.延续性动词（1）
16、延续性动词可与“for+时间段，since+时间点”状语连用。drink 喝eat 吃fly 飞have 有keep 保持know 知道lie 躺着live 住 play 玩 rain 下雨read 读run 跑sing 唱 sleep 睡觉smoke 抽烟snow 下雪stand 站 talk 说wait 等 walk 走 wear 穿 work 工作We have known each other since childhood.自孩提时代我们就认识。I have been living here for years.我在这里住了多年了。Usually on Sunday I sleep
17、until 11 a.m.星期天我通常睡到上午十一点钟才起床。（2）延续性动词要表示一时的动作，可以在该动词前加get/begin/come to等。It was not until I failed again that I got to realize my fault.直到我再一次失败，我才开始认识到我的过失。They began to see that they had made a serious mistake.他们开始认识到自己犯了一个大错。2.非延续性动词（1）非延续性动词不能跟表示“一段时间“的状语连用。admit 承认arrive 到达begin 开始borrow 借buy
18、 买break 打破 close 关闭 come 来die 死fall 倒go 走 hit 击中 join 加入 jump 跳leave 离开lose 丢marry 结婚 open 打开 put 放 start 开始 stop 停We have come here.我们已经来这里了。Have you joined the computer group？ 你加入电脑小组了吗？3.不用进行时的动词（1）表示事实状态的动词belong 属于consist of 由所组成contain 包含depend on 依靠exist 存在 have 有hold 持有，保持 lie 位于need 需要own 拥
19、有 possess 拥有remain 停留result 导致resemble 像stand 位于want 缺乏I have two brothers.我有两兄弟。（have 有，无进行时）Hes having a meeting.他正在开会.（have 进行，可用进行时）This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。（belong 属于，无进行时）The house belonging to Mary is beautiful.玛丽的房子很漂亮。（belonging 是引导现在分词短语作定语，不是进行时）The school stands about four
20、 miles to the west of that city.这所学校位于那座城市西面大约4英里处。（stand 位于，无进行时）She is standing by the door.她倚门而立。（stand 站立，可用进行时）She is lying in bed with a severe cold.她因重感冒躺在床上。（lie 躺，可用进行时）The town lay in ruins after a heavy bombardment.（lie 处于，无进行时）在猛烈轰炸以后城镇成了一片废墟。（2）感官连系动词This milk tastes sour.牛奶（尝起来）酸了。（tas
21、te 尝起来，无进行时）Mary is tasting the sauce.玛丽在品尝调味品。（taste 品尝，可用进行时）These flowers smell good.这些花闻起来很香。（smell 闻起来，无进行时）The dog was smelling at the shoes.那只狗正在嗅那双鞋子。（smell 闻，嗅，可用进行时）Your hand feels cold.你的手（摸着）很凉。（feel 感觉起来，无进行时）What was the blind man feeling for？ 那位盲人在摸索着找什么？（feel 抚摸，可用进行时）（3）表示结果的动词（4）表心
22、理活动情感状态的动词agree 同意believe 相信care 在意dare 敢desire 想要 dislike不喜欢 despise 轻视 forgive 宽恕forget 忘记 fear 害怕 hate 憎恨know 知道like 喜欢 love 爱 mean 打算mind 在意need 需要 notice 注意 prefer 较喜欢recognize 认出（5）动作为一时性动词accept 接受allow/permit 允许admit 承认decide 决定deny 否认determine 下决心 receive 接到refuse 拒绝（6）表衡量的动词measure 度量 weig
23、h 称重cost 花费I weighed 68 kilos three months ago.三个月前我重68公斤。（weigh“重达”，无进行时）I was weighing myself this morning when he came in.今天早上他进来的时候，我正在称体重。（weigh“称重”，可用进行时）The room measures 25 feet across.这个房间宽25英尺。（measure“尺寸为”，无进行时）They were measuring the depth of snow drifts.他们正在测量覆雪深度。（measure“测量”，可用进行时）学科网（北京）股份有限公司