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1、Unit 4 Exploring literature Extended reading language pointsErnest Hemingway(1899-1961),an American writer of novels and short stories,is well thought of for his unique writing style.He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes“can be destroyed but not defeated”.The
2、 Old Man and the Sea,one of his most important novels,tells the story of a fisherman named Santiago.After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days,Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish.be well thought of 得到高度评价destroy vt.摧毁,毁灭,破坏destroy ones life/faith/hope/confidence毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心destructive
3、adj.造成破坏的,毁灭性的destruction n.破坏,毁坏attempt vt.&n.努力,尝试,试图attempt to do sth.尝试/企图做某事make an attempt to do sth.尝试/企图做某事make an attempt at(doing)sth.试图做某事in an attempt to do sth.力图做某事at the first attempt第一次尝试attempted adj.(犯罪或非法行为)未遂的作Ernest Hemingway(同位语)动名词短语作宾语过去分词作后置定语动名词短语作After宾语欧 内 斯 特 海 明 威(1899-
4、1961),美国小说家和短篇小说作家,以其独特的写作风格而受人喜爱。他非常擅长描述那些他认为“可以被毁灭但不能被打败”的硬汉们的冒险经历。老人与海是他最重要的小说之一,讲述了一个名叫圣地亚哥的渔夫的故事。在一连84 天一无所获之后,圣地亚哥试图抓一条大鱼。The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer.For just
5、a moment the fish turned a little on his side.Then he straightened himself and began another circle.“I moved him,”the old man said.“I moved him then.”He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could.I moved him,he thought.Maybe this time I can get him over.Pull,hand
6、s,he thought.Hold up,legs.Last for me,head.Last for me.You never went.This time Ill pull him over.定从；修饰all不定式表目的hold on sth.all the strain竭尽全力去拽住某物strain n.用劲，使力；压力；拉力；重负；曲调定从；修饰the strain hold up支撑；举起；耽搁支撑；举起；耽搁straighten vt.挺直；使变直 straighten up 整理，摆好这时，那条鱼正绕着圈子游过来，神态平静而美丽，只有它那巨大的尾巴在动。老人使劲拉它，想让它靠得更
7、近些。有那么一会儿，那条鱼有点侧着身子。然后，他挺直身子，开始转另一个圈。“我挪动它了，”老人说。“那时候我把它挪动了。”他现在又感到头晕了，但他还是竭尽全力抓住这条大鱼。我抓住它了，他想。也许这次我能把他抓过来。手，快点拉，他想。腿，挺住。脑袋，拜托坚持住。你从来没有误过事。这次我要把它拉过来。句中go意为“变坏，损坏，不起作用”But when he put all of his effort on,starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength,the fish p
8、ulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.“Fish,”the old man said.“Fish,you are going to have to die anyway.Do you have to kill me too?”put all of ones effort on使尽某人全身力气去做某事pull sth with all ones strength使尽使尽某人某人全身力气全身力气去做某事去做某事part way半途；部分地时状and连接两个并列的现在分词短语作状语但是,大鱼还没游到船边,他便把浑身的力气
9、都使了出来，拼命拉扯,大鱼被拉歪了一点,然后正正身子游走了。“鱼,”老人说,“鱼啊,你反正死定了。你一定要把我也害死吗?”right作动词，“使回正常位置，恢复正常，把扶正”That way nothing is accomplished,he thought.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.I must get him alongside this time,he thought.I am not good for many more turns.Yes you are,he to
10、ld himself.Youre good for ever.On the next turn,he nearly had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away.You are killing me,fish,the old man thought.But you have a right to.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.Come on and kil
11、l me.I do not care who kills who.reach for伸出手够get sb/sth alongside把某人/某物弄到一边去be good for在方面行；能够胜任right(v.)使使回到正常位回到正常位置；把置；把扶正扶正accomplish vt.完成accomplishment n.accomplished adj.熟练的；才华高的；技艺高超的right(n.)权力权力 have a right to do有权利做有权利做否定词否定词never置于句首，句子用部分倒装置于句首，句子用部分倒装定从，从句中作主定从，从句中作主那样什么事也办不成，他想。他的嘴干
12、得说不出话来,但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。这次我一定要把它拉到船边,他想。它再多兜几圈我就不行了。不,你行的,他告诉自己。你永远都行。在兜下一圈时,他差点儿把它拉了过来。但那鱼又正了正身子,慢慢地游走了。你要弄死我,鱼啊,老人想。但你有权利这么做。老兄,我从来没有见过比你更壮硕、更美丽、更冷静、更高贵的东西了。来弄死我吧。我不在乎谁弄死谁。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】本句中“Never have I seen”是倒装结构。当具有否定意义 的 副 词(短 语)never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,no sooner,no longer,nowhere,in no way,in
13、 no case,at no time,by no means,in/under no circumstances,on no account等置于句首时,要使用部分倒装,即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。单句填空Little(he,care about)his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.Under no circumstances(I,expect)that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.Hardly(we,leave
14、)the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.Rarely(they,see)together and certainly did not travel together.did he care about did I expect had we left were they seen Now you are getting confused in the head,he thought.You must keep your head clear.Keep your head c
15、lear and know how to suffer like a man.Or a fish,he thought.“Clear up,head,”he said in a voice(that/which)he could hardly hear.“Clear up.”Twice more it was the same on the turns.I do not know,the old man thought.He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.I do not know.But I will try it
16、 once more.get confused in the head脑子犯糊；头脑糊涂起来confused adj.糊涂的,迷惑的;不清楚的,混乱的be/get confused about.对感到困惑be confused by被弄混;糊涂confuse vt.使迷惑;混淆confuse sb.with.用使某人困惑confuse A and/with B 把A与B混淆confusing adj.令 人 困 惑 的confusion n.困惑;混乱in confusion困惑地;混乱地keep ones head clear保持头脑清醒keep+宾语+宾补clear up(头脑头脑)清醒清
17、醒;使整洁使整洁,清理清理;(天气天气)转晴转晴clear v.移走,清除adj.明白的,清楚的;未接触的;无阻碍的;晴朗的be clear about明白clear out离开;把清出make clear显示;解释清楚make it clear that弄清楚in the clear脱离危险;不受阻碍be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事现在你脑子有点糊涂了,他想。你必须保持头脑清醒。保持你的头脑清醒,懂得如何像个男人一样经受痛苦。或者像一条鱼,他想。“清醒点,脑子,”他用一种几乎听不见的声音说,“清醒过来吧”。大鱼又兜了两圈,还是老样子。我不知道,老人想。他每
18、次都觉得自己快要垮了。我不知道。但我会再试一次。He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.Ill try it again,the old man promised,although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.He t
19、ried it again and it was the same.So he thought,and he felt himself going before he started;I will try it once again.feel+宾语+宾补with+宾语+宾补，作状语although引导让步状语从句weave v.迂回行进，穿行(weave-weaved-weaved)编(weave-wove-woven)他又试了一次,等他把鱼拉得转过来时,他觉得自己快不行了。那鱼正正身子,再次慢慢地游开了,大尾巴在海面上摆动着。老人许诺道,我要再试一次,尽管他的手现在软弱无力,并且只能在光亮下才能看清东西。他又试了一次,结果还是一样。因此他这么想着,感觉还没动手自己就要垮了,我还要再试一次。