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1、哈 尔 滨 工 程 大 学 毕 业 设 计 计 算 书计 算 书一工程概况本工程共10层(不包括一层地下室)。1层层高为3.97m,标准层均为3.3m。本工程为二类高层,地上十层,二至十层为办公室,室外标高-1.350,本工程建筑等级为二级,耐久年限为50年,本工程抗震等级为三级。本工程框架材料选用如下:各种构件混凝土强度等级:C40(地下室和一层中体框架柱)其余均为C30。二截面尺寸估算1 梁板截面尺寸估算框架梁截面高度h,按梁跨度的1/101/15确定,则横向框架梁高为7200(1/101/15)=720440,取h=720mm,梁宽取梁高的一半,即b=300mm;横向次梁高为7200(1
2、/81/15)=825440,取h=500mm,梁宽b=250mm;纵向框架梁高为8700(1/101/15)=870520,取h=720mm,梁宽b=300mm。板的最小厚度为L/40=3900/40=97.5mm,考虑到板的挠度及裂缝宽度的限制及在板中铺设管线等因素,根据经验取板厚为120mm。2 柱截面尺寸估算根据柱支撑的楼板面积计算由竖向荷载作用下产生的轴力,并按轴压比控制估算柱截面面积,估算柱截面时,楼层荷载按1114KN/m2计,本工程边柱按13KN/m2计,中柱按11KN/m2计。负荷面为8.77.2/2的边柱轴力:NV=(8.77.2/2)13111.25=5599KN,各柱的
3、轴力虽然不同,但为了施工方便和美观,往往对柱截面进行合并归类。本工程将柱截面归并为一种。取轴力最大的柱估算截面面积。本工程框架为三级抗震,取N=1.1 NV=1.15309=5840 KN,柱轴压比控制值N查规范得N=0.9。其中N=N/ACfC5层底柱截面核算NV=(7.2+2.4)/2 8.71161.25=3445KN,N=1.12896=3185 KN,N/ ACfC=3185000/5002/15=0.850.9柱轴压满足要求。柱高度:地上部分每层柱高均等于该层层高,地下部分柱高h=3.6+0.1=3.7m。三荷载汇集1 竖向荷载(1) 楼面荷载楼面活荷载按荷载规范的规定,宿舍房间活
4、荷载取1.5 KN/m2(标准值),厕所、走廊、楼梯间、教室活荷载取2.0 KN/m2(标准值),本工程为简化计算,均取楼面活荷载为2.0 KN/m2。砼楼板(板厚120),250.12=3.0 KN/m2,水泥砂浆抹灰(楼板上下分别为40和20厚),20(0.04+0.02)=1.2 KN/m2,内隔墙为200厚陶粒砼砌块,砌块容重8 KN/m3,两侧各抹20厚混合砂浆,80.2+200.022=2.4 KN/m2,外墙为400厚陶粒砼砌块,墙外侧贴墙面砖,墙里侧抹混合砂浆,0.5+80.4+200.022=4.5 KN/m2。(2) 屋面荷载810厚防滑釉面砖 0.6 KN/m2,100厚
5、粗砂垫层 170.1=1.7 KN/m2,防水卷材 0.1 KN/m2,20厚砂浆找平层 200.02=0.4 KN/m2,炉渣砼找坡2%(最薄处30厚) 140.15=2.1 KN/m2,120厚钢筋砼楼板 250.12=3.0 KN/m2,20厚混合砂浆抹灰 200.02=0.4 KN/m2,合 计 8.3 KN/m2,基本雪压 0.4 KN/m2,2 水平风荷载查荷载规范中全国基本风压分布图可知哈市基本风压值为0.45 KN/m2。根据荷载规范规定,对于高层建筑结构,其基本风压可按基本风压分布图中数值乘以1.1后采用,即0=1.10.45 =0.495KN/m2。垂直于建筑物表面上的风荷
6、载标准值按K下式计算:K=Z S Z 0风荷载体型系数S ,查荷载规范可知,矩形平面建筑S =1.3,风压高度变化系数Z ,本工程建在某高校校区,地面粗糙度类别为C类,查荷载规范中Z 之值,5m以上按内插法计算,5m以下按5m高处取值。风振系数Z ,Z =1+(Hi/H)(V/Z),式中V为脉动影响系数,当高层建筑的高宽比不小于2,地面粗糙度类别为C类时,V=0.63。式中为脉动增大系数,与基本风压0,结构自振周期T及地面粗糙度有关。框架结构基本自振周期取T=0.09n=0.0911=0.99,0T2=0.4950.992=0.485。查荷载规范,=1.32。各层风荷载标准值计算结果见(表-1
7、)。各层风荷载标准值表 表-1距地面高度HIZZS0K=Z S Z 037.21.7151.1631.3000.4951.28332.11.6931.1411.3000.4951.24328.81.6521.1001.3000.4951.16925.51.6141.0491.3000.4951.09022.21.5720.9981.3000.4951.01018.91.5260.9471.3000.4950.93015.61.4820.8801.3000.4950.83912.31.4330.8111.3000.4950.74891.3620.7281.3000.4950.6385.71.28
8、60.6151.3000.4950.5094.51.1630.5401.3000.4950.4040.001.0000.5401.3000.4950.347四水平荷载作用下框架内力及侧移计算由平面图可以看出,除边框架外,中间各榀框架受风面积相同,故应选取边框架和中间框架分别进行计算。下面仅以中框架为例进行计算,边框架计算从略。1 计算在风荷载作用下各楼层节点上集中力及各层剪力。计算在风荷载作用下各楼层节点上集中力时,假定风荷载在层间为均匀分布,并假定上下相邻各半层层高范围内的风荷载按集中力作用在本层楼面上。10层顶处风荷载作用下各楼层节点上集中力计算:F10=(10+1h10+1+10h10/
9、2)B =(1.2831.68+1.2433.0/2)7.8 =31.36KN9层顶处风荷载作用下各楼层节点上集中力计算:F9=(10h10/2+9h9/2)B =(1.2433.0/2+1.1693.0/2)7.8 =28.22KN其余各层风荷载引起的节点集中力及各层剪力计算结果见(表-2)风荷载作用水平集中力及层剪力表 表-2层号i层高hI(m)风荷标准值ki各层集中力FI(KN)各层剪力VI= FI(KN)女儿墙1.351.283105.11.24331.3631.3693.31.16928.2259.5883.31.09026.4386.0173.31.01024.57110.5863
10、.30.93022.70133.2853.30.83920.70153.9843.30.74820.32174.3033.30.63819.46193.7623.30.50916.10209.8615.70.40412.82222.69地下室4.50.3475.67228.362 计算各梁柱的线刚度ib和ic,计算梁的线刚度时,考虑到现浇板的作用,一边有楼板的梁截面惯性矩取i=1.5i0,两边有楼板的梁截面惯性矩取i=2i0,i0为按矩形截面计算的梁截面惯性矩。线刚度计算公式i=EI/l。各梁柱线刚度计算结果见(表-3)。3 计算各柱抗侧移刚度DD值为使柱上下端产生单位相对位移所需施加的水平力
11、,计算公式为:D=C(12 ic/h2)各柱抗侧移刚度D见(表-4)各杆件惯性矩及线刚度表 表-3bh(mm)L(mm)EC(N/mm2)I0=bh3/12(mm4)I=2I0i=EI/L(N.mm)梁800150078002.801045.401091.0810104.581010900150072002.801045.401091.0810101.261011柱70070023343.251041.0810109.75101070065030003.001045.211095.211010水平荷载作用下抗侧移刚度D及柱剪力Vij计算表 表-4层/hi柱列轴号ic(105)(KN.m)ib(
12、105)(KN.m)K=ib/ 2ic底层K=ib/ icC=K/(2+K)底层C=(0.5+K)/(2+K)Di=C(12 ic/hi2)(105)DiVij(KN)10/3.0B0.5210.9160.8790.3050.2121288005.16C0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880010.52D0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880010.52E0.5210.9160.8790.3050.2121288005.169/3.0B0.5210.9160.8790.3050.2121288009.81C0.5213.4363.2980.6220.
13、43212880019.98D0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880019.98E0.5210.9160.8790.3050.2121288009.818/3.0B0.5210.9160.8790.3050.21212880014.16C0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880028.85D0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880028.85E0.5210.9160.8790.3050.21212880014.167/3.0B0.5210.9160.8790.3050.21212880018.20C0.5213.4363.2980.
14、6220.43212880037.09D0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880037.09E0.5210.9160.8790.3050.21212880018.206/3.0B0.5210.9160.8790.3050.21212880021.94C0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880044.70D0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880044.70E0.5210.9160.8790.3050.21212880021.945/3.0B0.5210.9160.8790.3050.21212880025.34C0.5213.4363
15、.2980.6220.43212880051.65D0.5213.4363.2980.6220.43212880051.65E0.5210.9160.8790.3050.21212880025.344/3.6B0.9750.9160.4500.1840.16611780024.56C0.9753.4361.7620.4680.42311780062.59D0.9753.4361.7620.4680.42311780062.59E0.9750.9160.4500.1840.16611780024.563/3.6B0.9750.9160.4500.1840.16611780027.30C0.975
16、3.4361.7620.4680.42311780069.58D0.9753.4361.7620.4680.42311780069.58E0.9750.9160.4500.1840.16611780027.302/3.6B0.9750.9160.4500.1840.16611780029.57C0.9753.4361.7620.4680.42311780075.36D0.9753.4361.7620.4680.42311780075.36E0.9750.9160.4500.1840.16611780029.571/3.6B0.9750.9160.4500.1840.17211900032.19
17、C0.9753.4361.7620.4680.42311900079.16D0.9753.4361.7620.4680.42311900079.16E0.9750.9160.4500.1840.17211900032.19-1/3.6B0.9750.4580.4500.3930.36617960045.14C0.9751.7181.7620.6010.54317960069.04D0.9751.7181.7620.6010.54317960069.04E0.9750.4580.4500.3930.35517960045.144 各柱剪力计算设第i层第j个柱的D值为Dij,该层柱总数为m,该层任
18、意柱的剪力为:Vij= Vi(Dij/ Dij)各柱剪力计算结果见(表-4)5 确定柱的反弯点高度比y反弯点距柱下端距离为yh:y=y0+y1+y2+y3式中y0标准反弯点高度系数, y1考虑上下层梁刚度不同时反弯点高度比的修正值 y2,y3考虑上下层层高变化时反弯点高度比的修正值y0根据结构总层数m及该柱所在层n及K值查表。例如,计算10层柱反弯点高度系数y:由m=11,n=11,K=0.879,查表得,y0=0.34;上下层梁相对刚度无变化,y1=0;最上层柱y2=0;下层层高与本层层高之比3= h9/ h10=1,查表得,y3=0;B轴反弯点高度系数为:y=y0+y1+y2+y3=0.3
19、4+0+0+0=0.34其余各柱反弯点高度系数见(表-5)。6 计算柱端弯矩根据各柱分配到的剪力及反弯点位置yh计算第i层第j个柱的柱端弯矩。上端弯矩:Mtij=Vij.h.(1-y)下端弯矩:Mbij=Vij.y.h计算结果见(表-5)。风荷载作用下柱反弯点高度比及柱端弯矩 表-5层/hi柱列轴号K123y0Y1Y2Y3YMtij(KN.m)Mbij(KN.m)10/3.0B0.8791010.3400000.34010.225.26C3.2981010.4500000.45017.3614.20D3.2981010.4500000.45017.3614.20E0.8791010.34000
20、00.34010.225.269/3.0B0.8791110.4000000.40017.6611.77C3.2981110.4650000.46532.0727.87D3.2981110.4650000.46532.0727.87E0.8791110.4000000.40017.6611.778/3.0B0.8791110.4400000.44023.7918.69C3.2981110.5000000.50043.2843.28D3.2981110.5000000.50043.2843.28E0.8791110.4400000.44023.7918.697/3.0B0.8791110.450
21、0000.45030.0324.57C3.2981110.5000000.50055.6455.64D3.2981110.5000000.50055.6455.64E0.8791110.4500000.45030.0324.576/3.0B0.8791110.4500000.45036.2029.62C3.2981110.5000000.50067.0567.05D3.2981110.5000000.50067.0567.05E0.8791110.4500000.45036.2029.625/3.0B0.879111.200.4500000.45041.8134.21C3.298111.200
22、.5000000.50077.4877.48D3.298111.200.5000000.50077.4877.48E0.879111.200.4500000.45041.8134.214/3.6B0.45010.8310.4500000.45048.6339.79C1.76210.8310.5000000.500112.66112.66D1.76210.8310.5000000.500112.66112.66E0.45010.8310.4500000.45048.6339.793/3.6B0.4501110.5000000.50049.1449.14C1.7621110.5000000.500
23、125.24125.24D1.7621110.5000000.500125.24125.24E0.4501110.5000000.50049.1449.142/3.6B0.4501110.5000000.50053.2353.23C1.7621110.5000000.500135.65135.65D1.7621110.5000000.500135.65135.65E0.4501110.5000000.50052.2353.231/3.6B0.4501110.5000000.50057.9457.94C1.7621110.5000000.500142.49142.49D1.7621110.500
24、0000.500142.49142.49E0.4501110.5000000.50057.9457.94-1/3.6B0.4501100.6500000.65056.88105.63C1.7621100.5500000.550111.84136.70D1.7621100.5500000.550111.84136.70E0.4501100.6500000.65056.88105.637 计算梁端弯矩由柱端弯矩,并根据节点平衡原理计算梁端弯矩。边跨外边缘处的梁端弯矩Mbi= Mtij+ Mbi+1,j中间支座处的梁端弯矩Mlbi= (Mtij+ Mbi+1,j)(ilb/ ilb+ irb)Mrb
25、i= (Mtij+ Mbi+1,j)(irb/ ilb+ irb)框架在风荷载作用下的弯矩见(图-2)。8 计算梁支座剪力及柱轴力根据力平衡原理,由梁端弯矩和作用在梁上的竖向荷载可求出梁支座剪力;柱轴力可由计算截面之上的梁端剪力之和求得。框架在风荷载作用下的梁端剪力及柱轴力见(图-3)。9 梁柱弯曲产生的侧移因为H50m,H/B4,所以只考虑梁柱弯曲变形产生的侧移。第i层结构的层间变形为ui,由公式un=Vn/D可得。u10=31.36/128800=2.4310-4m,u9=51.58/128800=4.6310-4m,u8=86.01/128800=6.6810-4m,u7=110.58/
26、128800=8.5910-4m,u6=133.28/128800=10.3510-4m,u5=153.98/128800=11.9510-4m,u4=174.30/117800=14.8010-4m,u3=193.76/117800=16.4510-4m,u2=209.86/117800=17.8110-4m,u1=222.69/119000=18.7110-4m,u-1=228.36/179600=12.7110-4m,则顶点总侧移为:u=uI=125.1110-4m=12.51110-3m顶点相对位移为:u/H=12.51110-3/34.08=1/27241/550 满足要求;最大层间
27、相对位移为:u/H=1.87110-3/3.6=1/19241/450 满足要求。五在竖向荷载作用下结构内力计算由平面图可以看出,本工程结构及荷载分布比较均匀,可以选取典型平面框架进行计算,横向框架可以仅取1、3、5、7、11轴框架,纵向框架需选取A、B、C、D、E轴框架进行计算,这里仅给出11轴框架的内力计算过程,纵向框架的计算方法与横向框架的计算方法相同,这里不再给出。1. 各层框架梁上荷载计算屋面梁边跨均布荷载(雪荷与活荷不同时考虑):(7.1251.2+1.51.4)3.9+0.30.6251.2=41.535+5.4=46.94 KN/m,屋面梁中间跨均布荷载:0.30.6251.2
28、=5.4 KN/m,屋面梁中间跨均布荷载:(7.1251.2+1.51.4)2.4=25.56 KN/m,49层顶框架梁上荷载:梁自重-0.30.6251.2=5.4 KN/m2,板荷载-4.21.2+21.4=7.84 KN/m2,200厚陶粒砼砌块墙2.4m高-2.42.41.2=6.912KN/m2,板上所砌隔墙转换为线荷载为:2.4(2.1+2.4)2.8/6.6=4.58 KN/m,两边跨梁上均布荷载:5.4+7.843.9+4.58+6.912=60.75 KN/m,中间跨梁上均布荷载:0.30.6251.2=5.4 KN/m,中间跨梁上三角形荷载(板传来):7.842.4=18.
29、82 KN/m,地下室至三层顶框架梁上荷载:梁自重-0.30.6251.2=5.4 KN/m2,板荷载-4.21.2+21.4=7.84 KN/m2,200厚陶粒砼砌块墙3.0m高-2.43.01.2=8.64KN/m2,两边跨梁上均布荷载:5.4+7.843.9+8.64=44.62 KN/m,中间跨框架梁上荷载与49层顶框架梁上荷载相同。竖向荷载作用下框架计算简图见(图-4)。2. 内力计算多层多跨框架在竖向荷载作用下的内力近似按分层法计算。除底层以外,上层各柱线刚度均乘以0.9进行修正,这些柱的传递系数均取-1/3,底层柱的传递系数均取-1/2。竖向荷载引起的各层框架梁固端弯矩见(表-6
30、)。弯矩分配系数计算公式为j=ij/ij。各节点弯矩分配系数计算结果见(表-7)。内力分层计算结果见(图-5)(图-8)。 竖向荷载作用下框架梁固端弯矩值 表-6层数BC跨CD跨DE跨左支座右支座左支座右支座左支座右支座10-170.39170.39-10.2610.26-170.39170.399-220.52220.52-8.248.24-220.52220.528-220.52220.52-8.248.24-220.52220.527-220.52220.52-8.248.24-220.52220.526-220.52220.52-8.248.24-220.52220.525-220.5
31、2220.52-8.248.24-220.52220.524-160.40220.52-8.248.24-220.52160.403-161.97161.97-8.248.24-161.97161.972-161.97161.97-8.248.24-161.97161.971-161.97161.97-8.248.24-161.97161.97-1-161.97161.97-8.248.24-161.97161.97 各杆节点弯矩分配系数 表-7层数B轴C轴D轴E轴下柱上柱梁下柱上柱梁左梁右下柱上柱梁左梁右下柱上柱梁100.53200.4680.23300.2050.5620.23300.56
32、20.2050.53200.46890.3470.3470.3060.1890.1890.1640.4580.1890.1890.4580.1640.3470.3470.30680.3470.3470.3060.1890.1890.1640.4580.1890.1890.4580.1640.3470.3470.30670.3470.3470.3060.1890.1890.1640.4580.1890.1890.4580.1640.3470.3470.30660.3470.3470.3060.1890.1890.1640.4580.1890.1890.4580.1640.3470.3470.30
33、650.3470.3470.3060.1890.1890.1640.4580.1890.1890.4580.1640.3470.3470.30640.4990.2670.2340.3030.1620.1430.3920.3030.1620.3920.1430.4990.2670.23430.4050.4050.1900.2660.2660.1250.3430.2660.2660.3430.1250.4050.4050.19020.4050.4050.1900.2660.2660.1250.3430.2660.2660.3430.1250.4050.4050.19010.4050.4050.19
34、00.2660.2660.1250.3430.2660.2660.3430.1250.4050.4050.190-10.4050.4050.1900.2660.2660.1250.3430.2660.2660.3430.1250.4050.4050.190竖向荷载作用下框架弯矩图见(图-9)。竖向荷载作用下柱轴力及梁剪力图见(图-10)。一层顶的梁内力组合值及C轴柱内力组合值见(表-8)和(表-9)。 11轴框架一层顶梁内力组合 表-8部位组号内力竖向荷载作用下风荷载作用下组合内力BC跨左支座1MmaxV139.760.8=111.81145.27114.821.4=160.7527.671.
35、4=38.74272.56184.012MminV111.81145.27-106.75-38.74-48.94106.53跨中1Mmax96.641.2=115.97(114.82-67.8)1.4/2=32.91148.88右支座1MmaxV152.860.8=122.29149.2367.81.4=94.9227.671.4=38.74217.21187.972MminV122.29149.23-94.92-38.7427.37110.49CD跨左支座1MmaxV44.270.8=35.4217.77186.531.4=261.14155.441.4=276.62296.56294.39
36、2MminV35.4217.77-261.14-276.62-225.72-258.85跨中1Mmax36.681.2=44.02044.02右支座1MmaxV43.650.8=34.9217.77186.531.4=261.14155.441.4=276.62296.06314.392MminV34.9217.77-261.14-276.62-226.22-258.85DE跨左支座1MmaxV152.860.8=122.29149.2367.81.4=94.9227.671.4=38.74217.21187.972MminV122.29149.23-94.92-38.7427.37110.49跨中1Mmax95.901.2=115.08(114.82-67.80)1.4/2=32.91147.99右支座1MmaxV141.240.8=112.99145.49114.821.4=160.7527.671.4=38.74273.74184.232MminV112.99145.49-160.75-38.74-47.76106.7511轴框架C轴柱部分截面内力组合 表-9楼层部位组号内力