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1、3种万能思路让你的雅思写作构思快得飞起来 有没有一种万能的写作思路或论据来应对全部的雅思写作题目呢?很缺憾，没有。因为雅思大作文题目应有尽有，比如环境类的题目和文化类的题目所包含的重要因素本身就有很大的不同，所以要用一种套路去应对全部的写作题目，几乎是不行能的。不过，以下共享一些适用于大多数大作文题目的万能思路或者论据，供考生们参考和在考试中紧急的状况下运用。 3种万能思路 让你的雅思写作构思快得飞起来 大多数的雅思写作主要有以下三种思想或论据可以作为大作文话题构思的突破口。 1、以人为本法 无论哪一类作文题目很大程度上都离不开人，我们在支持哪一方观点的时候都是因为那么做对人的好处更大。那么人
2、的需求有哪些呢?身体上(健康)vs 心理上(平安，求知，自信，被敬重等);物质上(生活质量的需求离不开经济基础)vs 精神上(文化消遣)。 举2个例子： 1)More young people in the workforce change their jobs or careers every few years. What are the reasons for this? Do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 其实这道题目我们完全可以从以人为本这个角度来进行构思和分析，比如年轻人为什么要换工作：1). 身体上，比如有些工作对体力要求太
3、高(比如建筑，工程项目等)，或者要加班，熬夜等状况，换工作是因为身体吃不消;2). 从心理上讲，某些年轻人没有被单位认可，没有被客户或者领导敬重，自尊心受到打击，所以换工作;3). 物质上，换工作是为了赚更多的金钱和福利;4). 精神上(最高层面)，你可以说有些工作可以给年轻人带来精神上的满意和享受(比如一些年轻人情愿更换工作去从事一些高档的绘画，雕塑等艺术类的工作)。 2)Some people believe that time spent on television, video and computer games can be beneficial to children. Othe
4、rs believe this has negative effects on children. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 这道题目我们完全可以从人这个角度动身，同学们可以从身体上讲，玩电子嬉戏和看电视太久会对健康有损害(视力，颈椎，肥胖等);从心理上讲，不良的节目和嬉戏内容会对孩子的心理发展有害(电视里的色情，暴力等)。 2、详细分类法 有的作文题目太泛，我们看完题目后可以思索为：it depends. 在一些详细状况下我支持正方;在另一些状况下我支持反方。 举2个例子： 1)People can work or study on
5、the internet without going to school or company. Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages? 其实这道题目就要详细看了，两边都可以写，既可以写在家里学习和工作会给人们带来许多好处，比如节约上下班交通时间，避开堵车，在家里上网工作和学习不会受到学校和公司困难的人和事的干扰。不会受到公司和学校里面各种各样规章制度的限制和拘束。 也可以反过来讲，始终在家里学习或上班，简单造成交际实力下降，缺乏沟通实力。人会变的冷漠，不了解外界的实际状况，与社会脱节。到学校和公司去，可以融入社会，学会与人交往，培育孩子各种
6、实际的实力让他们打算好进入成人社会。 2)Many people use distance-learning programme (study material post, TV, internet. etc) to study at home. But some people think that it cannot bring the same benefits of attending college. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 这道题目就要详细看了，你可以说数学，地理等学科适合远程教学;而市场营销，人力资源等管理学科目须要强调人际
7、交往实力和须要小组探讨或者头脑风暴，那么他们更须要传统的课堂教学。 3、核心词汇法 有些题目中涉及的因素较多，各因素间关系困难。这类题目似难实易，我们可以抽出题目中的核心词汇，思索他们各自的本质特点，来获得众多的思路或者论据。 举1个例子： Some people think success of life is based on hard work and determination, but others think there are more important factors, like money and personal appearance. Discuss both view
8、s and give your own opinion. 这个题目在审题和构思的时候就有点难了，因为题目中涉及的因素较多，我们要牢牢抓住它的核心词汇。这道题目有四个点都要探讨到，分别是hard work and determination和money and personal appearance。在写这道题目的时候肯定要把四个核心词汇通通讲到，而且要留意，题目说生活的胜利是建立在这四个基础之上的，也就是你肯定要说先有了hard work and determination, 然后才会胜利，比如一个人首先要学习或工作努力，才能胜利。你可以举小时候学英语的例子，比如可以说人生要胜利的话，须要很好
9、的英语作为铺垫，先要每天晚上不停的背单词和语法，一天都不能偷懒，将来才能学好英语，然后才能找到好工作，获得胜利的人生。这个就是先有hardworking, 然后胜利。比如运动员要取得竞赛或人生的胜利，他须要首先有一颗坚毅的决心，时时刻刻不能因为一点困难就放弃竞赛和训练，这个就是先有determination, 然后胜利，千万不能舍本逐末。 托福写作高分的三大特性 1.统一性 一个段落内的各个句子必需从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不行取的。请看下例： Joe and I decided to take the long trip wed always wanted across
10、 the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park
11、. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico. 本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences，一个是Bella bakes the best rhuba
12、rb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上经常因为造出irrelevant sentences(不相关语句)而丢分，值得引起留意。再看一个例子： My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise cla
13、ss and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one
14、 hour. My mother was a premature baby. 本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。 从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上假如这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严峻了。 2.完整性 正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思
15、想靠推展句来实现，假如只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充溢，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如： Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to workyou produce something rather than more a
16、nxiety or depression. 本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是 "a mind in turmoil"(心境不安静)Physical work又如何能变更这种状况?为什么它能起therapy的作用?读者得不到明确的答案。 由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100120个词的三段式短文，每一段只有大约40个词左右，因此，要达到完整就必需尽可能地简明。例如： It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing
17、is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it. 段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必需有详细事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些说明，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。假如用一两个详细的例子的话，就可以把主题说明清晰了。比如下段： It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand wo
18、rds. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you cant swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"? 3.连贯性(coherence) 连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是运用转换词语。当然这两者经常是不行分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句
19、子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。 1) 意连 段落中句子的排列应遵循肯定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。假如在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一挥而就的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。 A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement) We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the
20、dining room staff was strict about closing at nine oclock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours - it must have been close to noonthe heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the m
21、ountain, it was four oclock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me alon
22、g with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day. 本段从 "rose"(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine oclock")，然后是 "close to noon"，始终写到这一天
23、结束("By nine")。 B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如： From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the
24、building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, wh
25、ich only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land. 本段的写法是由远及近，从远处("from a
26、distance")写起，然后"get closer"，再到("ten feet away")，最终是 "inside the pagoda"当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。依据须要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。 托福写作低分问题整理 1.结构不平行例：I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots ofbooks.当运用连词将一系列的单词联接起来的时候，应当运用词性相同或同一类型的短语。 2.不知所云例：Many compan
27、ies began using computers mouth. 3.段落过长，不分段，主语与动词一样问题She are a good friend of mine that I has known for along time.主语和动词在数方面不一样。 4.句子别扭We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed.措辞过长或不清。换言之，句子显得滑稽可笑。 5.不要运用缩写在正式的写作中不要运用缩写形式(can"t，don"t，it"s
28、，we"ll，they"ve等等)，而应当运用单词的完整形式(cannot，do not，it is，we will，they have等等)。 6.关联词语重复Since I want to go to a good school，therefore I am trying to raise my testscores.不能在该句的主要主语和主要动词前运用连词。 7.句子不完整Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example， my friend in
29、 high school.句子没有主要主语或主要动词，因为其实它应是一个从句。这是一个特别常见的错误，修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。 8.不要运用get When I got home， I got tired， so I got a book and got into bed.Get太不正式，意思也过于模糊，不适合用在正式的场合。应将get改为一个更加详细的单词，如become， receive，find， achieve， 等等。 9.书写难以分辨，信息不正确I would like to study in America because all modern technologyori
30、ginated there.传的信息不正确，或者让人听起来觉得可能不正确(假如的确是正确的，应当说明为什么这样，因为读者不认为是正确的)。上述例句中，all的意思是百分之百;我们不能肯定地说每一件新东西都是从美国诞生的。为保险起见，应当运用many或most.非英语单词Computers are very helpful andadvantageable. 尽管看起来象个单词，其实不是，至少不是个英文单词。运用这个单词的另一种形式。 10.介词多余I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about
31、 tome during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US，I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class， my classmate never mentioned about herhusband.在表示这种意思时此单词不能与介词连用。这种状况常见于downtown，home，there，here等词。这些词语在英语中是副词而非名词，因而不能在它们前面添加介词。 11.跑题或不相关There are ma
32、ny reasons to buy a car， preferably a nice car.这个意思与文章的主题无关。 12.陈词滥调It is okay for children to fail sometimes.所表达的意思很一般大多数人都已经知道到了，因而就没有必要再说出来。 13.标点问题I love animals. And I like to help them. Because they are helpless. So I wantto become a vet.这是一个特别普遍的问题!很多学生在句子中运用了太多的句号，尤其是当他们用手写的时候。 14.重复冗余Person
33、ally，I believe what the newspaper prints. 一种意思的表述不止一次，或者某个词语不必要。 15.单数/复数Many year ago， dinosaur roamed the Earths.单词须要从单数变为复数，或者由复数变成单数。单数可数名词单数可数名词不能单独运用，应当将其变为复数形式或者加上限定词(a，the， my， his， her， Gary"s， no， any， 1， 3， 50， most，等等)。 16.拼法错误，主语、动词或宾语有问题I want to buy something for my mother that s
34、he willlike it. There was a terrible accident happen yesterday.句子的基本结构有问题， 缺少主语、动词或宾语，或者这些成分重复。 17.语气与文章不符I was kind of mad at the guy who vociferated angry words at me. I haveheard many wonderful things about such cosmopolitan cities as Paris， London， Tokyo， and HongKong and I would love to visit t
35、hese cities to check them out.语气与文章其他部分不相符， 可能是过于正式或者太不正式。 18.代词指代不明If people do not speak the same language， it has a greater chance ofmiscommunication. I intend to complete my studies in the United States because they havegood programs there. 代词所指代的指示词(介词所代替的名词)不清晰。 19.过于笼统We should use our resour
36、ces on Earth because the Earth is getting worse.句子或它所表达的意思过于笼统，不能供应多少信息。 20.动词时态错误Yesterday I will go to the store because tomorrow I needed some food.动词时态不正确检查一下是应当用现在时、过去时、将来时还是完成时等等。 21.选词不恰当I was late getting home because I lost my way.在这种状况下不应当运用该词可选择更好的词语或者所运用的词语与文章的总体语气不符。 22.单词形式不当I want to
37、creation a great web site so that I can becoming wealth.所运用的单词的形式不正确检查一下应当运用该词的名词、形容词或副词形式的哪一种。 23.用词错误Even I dont speak Spanish， I was able to find a bathroom in the departmentstore. I gained a lot of pounds during vacation.用词错误或在此种状况下该词不是最佳用词。 托福写作优秀结尾的技巧 重申立场 重申立场+总结理由 让步+重申立场 重申立场+引申扩展 引申扩展包括： 强
38、调反对派立场会带来的后果 展望将来问题的前景 强调重要性 一、重申立场 “It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.” In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on todays professionals, a fulfilling personal life remains possible by working sma
39、rter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices. 二、重申立场+总结理由 “Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.” In conclusion, schoo
40、ls should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of study augment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve the richness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within the humanities provide method
41、s and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and for determining its proper direction. 三、让步+重申立场 “Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service. Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintaining consisten
42、tly high levels of productivity.” In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterion for salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances
43、 loyalty and, in the end, productivity, but also is required by fairness. 四、重申立场+引申扩展 How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highly successful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think that this is an effective means
44、 of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should a manager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory? In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degrade subordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in
45、 the long run. It is more respectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performance with clear, honest and supportive feedback. 3种万能思路 让你的雅思写作构思快得飞起来本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第21页 共21页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页第 21 页 共 21 页