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1、自考英语二-unit-6-语法New wordsindulgeindulgevt.迁就，纵容；使满足；使（自己）沉溺于；使快乐Youcanindulgeyourselfwithoutspendingafortune.你不必花大把钱就可以好好犒劳一下自己。Ineverindulgechildrenwithplentyofpocketmoney.我从不放任子女，给他们大量零用钱。HereturnedtoBritainsothathecouldindulgehispassionforfootball.他重返英国，为的是可以尽情释放自己对足球的激情。Theywentintotowntoindulgei
2、nsomeseriousshopping.他们进城去大肆购物。New wordsresistv.抵抗，抗拒；忍耐；反对，抵制Theyresistedourattemptstomodernizethedistributionofbooks.他们反对我们采用现代化方式发行图书。Icouldntresistpeekinginthedrawer.我不由得偷看了一下抽屉里面。Wefeltquiteimpotenttoresistthewillofthedictator.我们感到无力抗拒独裁者的意志。New wordsdifferentiatevt.&vi.区分，区别，辨别Achildmaynotdiff
3、erentiatebetweenhisimaginationandtherealworld.儿童可能无法将自己的幻想与真实世界区分开来。Itsdifficulttodifferentiatebetweenthetwovarieties.这两个品种很难辨别。Heneverlearnedtodifferentiatebetweengoodandevil.他从未学会分辨善恶。Hecouldntdifferentiatebetweentheenemyandourselves.他敌我不分。New wordsresultin引起，导致，以为结局；落得；致使Thegameresultedinanotherv
4、ictoryforourteam.比赛结果,我们队又获胜了。Excessivedosageofthisdrugcanresultininjurytotheliver.这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。Compulsionwillneverresultinconvincingthem.强迫永远不会使他们信服。Complacencycouldeasilyresultintragedy.自满容易道致悲剧。New wordspayoff付清；（付清工资后）解雇；Insocietieswherecorruptionisendemic,decision-makingisslowedasmorepolitician
5、sandofficialshavetobepaidoff.在腐败泛滥的社会中，由于要花钱打点更多的政客和官员，决策的制定会被拖慢。Theinvestorbelievesthathisinvestmentwillpayoffhandsomelysoon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。New wordsinculcatevt.极力主张，反复灌输Greatcarewastakentoinculcatethevaluesofnationhoodandfamily.花费了很多心力反复灌输国家与家庭观念。Wehavetriedtoinculcateafeelingofcitizenshipi
6、nyoungsters.我们试图向年轻人灌输公民意识。New wordsstandingoodstead大有裨益ThefactLutonatthemtwoyearsagowillstandthemingoodstead.两年前的突出表现将给予卢顿很好的帮助.Thisoldcoatwillstandmeingoodsteadiftheweatherturnscold.如果天气变冷,这件旧大衣对我还会起作用.Hereagainmyoldcautionstoodmeingoodstead.这一次我那种向来不变的谨慎又给我许多好处.New wordsstimulatevt.刺激；激励，鼓舞；使兴奋vi
7、.起兴奋作用；起促进作用；起刺激作用Theycountedonforeigninvestmenttostimulatetheireconomy.他们想依靠外国投资来刺激他们的经济。Yourencouragementwillstimulatemetofurtherefforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。Successwillstimulatethepeopleforfreshefforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。Stimulationn.刺激；激发；启发；促进Youdontgetanyintellectualstimulationinthisjob.你不能从这份工作中获得任何智力启发。
8、Theseyoungstersneedsomestimulationtomakethemwork.为了使这些年青人工作，需要鼓励一番。New wordslabeln.标签；称标记，符号；建门或窗户上面的线脚vt.贴标签于；把称为（不公正地）；把列为；Thelabelshouldbefirmlyaffixedtothepackage.这张标签应该牢牢地贴在包裹上。Alltheproductsarelabelledwithcomprehensiveinstructions.所有产品均标有详尽的使用说明。Certainestatesarelabelledasundesirable.某些物业被归入不受
9、欢迎之列。New wordsdonatevt.&vi.（尤指向慈善机构）捐赠；献（血）；捐（血）；捐献（器官）TheyusedtodonatelargesumofmoneytotheRedCrosseveryyear.他们过去每年都向红十字会捐献大笔的钱。Morethan100menhurriedtothescenetodonatetheirblood.有100多人赶到现场献血Donationn.捐赠，赠送；捐款；捐赠物Illbesendingthemadonationinappreciationoftheirhelp.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。Theymadeagenerousd
10、onationtocharity.他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。New wordssubconsciousadj.下意识的；潜意识的Nailbitingisoftenasubconsciousreactiontotension.咬指甲通常是紧张时的下意识反映。.Earlyexperiencescanimplantfearsinthesubconscious.早年的经历会在下意识中埋入恐惧感。Concsiousadj.有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的；（痛苦，感情，冷气等）感觉得到的；Shesveryconsciousoftheproblemsinvolved.她完全意识到了所涉及的问题。Iwas
11、notconsciousofhavingmadeamistake.我没意识到犯了错误。New wordsavailableadj.可用的；有空的；可会见的；（戏票、车票等）有效的Doctorshaveanarmouryofdrugsavailable.医生都备有各种各样的药物。Wearedoingourbestwiththelimitedresourcesavailable.我们利用可获得的有限资源，尽最大的努力。Mybicycleisnotavailable,anditisbeingrepaired.我的自行车现在不能用,因为正在修理.Nofundingwillbeavailableunti
12、lthetechnologyiscompletelyproven.该技术得到充分验证后才会有拨款.AvailabilityBeforetravellingwemustensuretheavailabilityofpetrolandoil.旅行前,我们必须确保能够买到汽油和机油.New wordsAbundantadj.大量的，充足的；丰富的，富有的；丰足；Fishareabundantinthelake.湖里鱼很多。Ourcountryhasavastterritoryandabundantresources.我国土地辽阔，资源丰富。Abundance n.丰富，充裕；大量，极多；盈余；丰度i
13、t可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象基本用法基本用法:1.S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to do sth.Thechairmanthought_necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeetingA.thatB.itC.thisD.himSentence patterns:B find possiblefeelimportant /clause形式宾语形式宾语 2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for sb.)to do sth./clause 3.S
14、+V+it +no good +doing sth.no use 形式宾语形式宾语I think it his duty to clean the blackboard.Sentence patterns:a rulean honour find possible1.S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to do sth./clause feel important Sentence patterns:Sentence patterns:形式宾语形式宾语 a rule2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for sb.)to do sth./clause
15、an honour 3.S +V+it +no good +doing sth.no use Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one点拨点拨:这是这是it it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词少数动词(如如like,love,enjoy,dislike,hate,appreciatelike,love,enjoy,dislike,hate,appreciate等等)或或包含介词的动词短语包含介词的动词短语(如如see to,depend onsee to,depend
16、on等等)后接宾后接宾语从句语从句,必须先由必须先由it it担任形式宾语担任形式宾语,再接从句再接从句.1.Ilike(enjoy,hate)itwhen.2.Iwouldappreciateitif3.seeto(dependon)itthatSentencepatterns:C形式宾语形式宾语1.Itis necessary to be prepared for a job interview.Having the answers ready will be of great help.2.The Foreign Minister said,“It is our hope that th
17、e two sides will work towards peace.”3.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.形式主语形式主语 possibleIt is/was +adj.necessary+(for sb.)to do sth./clause important ones duty It+is/was+n.ones hope +clause/(for sb.)to do sth.an honour saidIt is/was p.p.known +that-cla
18、use believed 形式主语形式主语.it的重要句型的重要句型1.It is+被强调部分被强调部分+that.It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.It was they that(who)cleaned the classroom yesterday.It was in the street that I met her father.2.It is not until+被强调部分被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状该句型也是强调
19、句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是以说是 not.until.的强调形式。的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off he
20、r dark glasses.3.It is clear(obvious，true，possible，certain.)that.该句型中该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。构。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.=That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.4.It is important
21、(necessary，strange，natural.)that.该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。It is important that we(should)learn English well.It is necessary that he(should)remember these words.5.It is said(reported，
22、learned.)that.该句型中的该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.6.It is suggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded.)that.该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过该句型和上一个同
23、属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动动词原形），词原形），should 可以省；常译为据建议；可以省；常译为据建议；有命令）有命令）It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.It was ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.7.It is a pity(a shame.)that.该句型中，该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一般用虚拟
24、语气（should+动动词原形），词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！他生病了，真遗憾！8.It is time(about time，high time)that.该句型中该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注
25、意的是后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用有时也用should+动词动词原形，原形，should 不能省，常译为是（正是）的时不能省，常译为是（正是）的时侯侯 It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.9.It is the first(second.)time that.该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，不用虚
26、拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；可以省去；it有时用有时用 this 替换常译为是第一（二）次。替换常译为是第一（二）次。It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been here.10.It is+一段时间一段时间+sin
27、ce.。since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。It is(has been)5 years since his father died.11.It is.when.。该句型中的该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为当的时候，是时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为当的时候，是 It was 5 oclock when he came here.12.It
28、 be.before.该句型主句中的该句型主句中的 it 指时间，指时间，主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long，not long，3 days，2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为之后等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为之后。It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It will be not long before he finishes his job.13.It happens(seems，appears)that.该句型中该句型中it是形式主语，是形式主语
29、，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。等词是不及物动词。It happened(so happened)that he met his teacher in the street.碰巧碰巧.It seems that he will be back in a few days.看来看来 14.It takes sb.to do sth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为做要花费某型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为做要花费某人。人。It took th
30、ousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.15.It is no good(use)doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是以是no good，(not any good)，no use，(not any use)。It is no good learning English without speaking English.16.It doesnt matter whether(if).该句型中该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句引导
31、的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。型常译为不论（是否）没关系。It doesnt matter if they are old.17.It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：常见的有：bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good（好心的），（好心的），honest，horrible，ki
32、nd，lazy，modest，naughty，nice（有教养的），（有教养的），polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong（错（错误的）等。误的）等。这个句型可以改写为：这个句型可以改写为：sb.is kind to do sth.。It is kind of you to say so.=You are kind to say so.18.It is necessary(for sb.)to do sth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示引起，主句中的形容
33、词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。的形容词。常见的形容词有：常见的形容词有：important，necessary，natural easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant等。等。=在在中中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：如：It is important for her to come to the party.=It is important that she(sho
34、uld)come to the party.19.It looks(seems)as if.该句型中该句型中it无意义，无意义，as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）（真的病了）It looks as if he were ill.（没有生病）（没有生病）It seemed as if he were dying.20.We think it important to learn a foreign language.该
35、句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构结构。6指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导引导的宾语从句。的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
36、He felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.在一些固定用法中考查常见的固定用法有:make it 成功，安排在或定在某时间forget it 别提了，忘了它吧Dont mention it 别提了，表示不用谢It doesnt matter 没关系It(That)depends 视情况而定You guessed it 你猜着了Its hard to say 很难说 Its up to you to do sth.由
37、你来决定做某事It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are.A.one B.that C.what D.itIt is/was+被强调的部分被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他成分句子其他成分强调句型强调句型高考真题高考真题 It was _ back home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didnt go C.not until midnight t
38、hat he went D.until midnight when he didnt go In which play is _ your brother appears?A.that where B.this when C.it that D.it where It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment.A.where;that B.which;where C.that;where D.which;that强调句型强调句型被强调的部被强调的部分是分是not until
39、引导的时间引导的时间 状语状语?In which play is it that?It is thatIs it that?I dont know in which play it is that强调句型和强调句型和各种从句各种从句?1.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which2.Wevebeenlookingathousesbuthaventfound_welikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them3.Immovingtothecountr
40、ysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_inthecity.A.onesB.oneC.thatD.those易误辨析易误辨析:it/one/thatBACthe house that the Parkers boughta housethe air1.Itsyears_(since,before,after,that)Ipaintedthisbeautifulpicture.2.Itwillbeyears_(since,before,after,that)Ipaintthisbeautifulpicture.3.Itwasyears_(since,be
41、fore,after,that)Ipaintedthisbeautifulpicture.4.Itsforyears_(since,before,after,that)Ihavepaintedthisbeautifulpicture.易误辨析易误辨析:表示从表示从since since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为段时间，译为“自从自从.以来已多久了以来已多久了”It is+时间段时间段+since(过去时过去时).表示从过去某一时间到表示从过去某一时间到beforebefore从句谓语动作发生所经过从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间的一段
42、时间,译为译为“多长时间后才多长时间后才/就做了就做了”It+was+时间段时间段+before(过去时过去时)表示从现在起到表示从现在起到beforebefore从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间时间,译为译为“多长时间后才会多长时间后才会/就会做就会做”It+will be+时间段时间段+before(一般现在时一般现在时)_Translatethefollowing:1.过了很久他才回来.2.我们很久后才会见面的.3.我离开这所学校已经很久了.Itwaslongbeforehecameback.Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain.Itis
43、longsinceIleftthisschool.It is+时间段时间段+since(过去时过去时).It+will be+时间段时间段+before(一般现在时一般现在时)It+was+时间段时间段+before(过去时过去时)易误辨析易误辨析:1.(2005,全国全国)The doctor advised Vesa strongly that she should take a holiday,but _ didnt help.A.it B.she C.which D.he正确答案：正确答案：A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。代替整个句子。
44、2.(2004,全国全国)-Do you like_here?-Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is nice.A.this B.these C.that D.It正确答案：正确答案：D。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用用于不确定指代或模糊指代。于不确定指代或模糊指代。3.(2000,上海上海)Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see_.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who
45、it is 正确答案：正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。需用陈述语序。4.(2007,全国)Have you heard the latest news?No,what _?A.is it B.is there C.are they D.are those 正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的latest news。5.(2006,全国)If I can help _,I dont like working late into the night.A.so B.that C.it D.them 正确答案：C。help是
46、“阻止、避免”的意思，it指代下文的事情。6.(2002,北京)-He was nearly drowned once.-When was _?-_ was in 1998 when he was in Middle School.A.that,It B.this,This C.this,It D.that,This 正确答案：A。it指时间。7.(2005，浙江)Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet.A.one B.ones C.it D.them 正确答案：A。表示任意一幢房子。8.（2005，江苏）I
47、m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.A.ones B.one C.that D.those 正确答案：C。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代the air，且有in the city后置定语修饰。9.(2004,北京)The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.A、This is B、There is C、That is D、It is 正确答
48、案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。10.(2005,上海)_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires 正 确 答 案：C。it为 形 式 主 语，在 此 结 构 中 done为required/suggested/demanded/recommended等时，从句必须用should+动词原形，且s
49、hould可以省略。11.(2004,上海春)It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test,and as a result,he got punished.A.stick to B.refer to C.keep to D.point to 正确答案：B。短语辨析题，refer to有“参考”的意思，符合句意。12.(2006,全国)It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A.use B.help C.time D.wa
50、y 分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。13.(2007,天津)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A.this B.that C.it D.these 正确答案：C。it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。14.(2006,湖南)As the busiest woman in Norton,she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.A.this B.that C.one D.it 正确答案