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1、初中英语词法知识：并列句及其连词用法归纳一、英语基础语法并列句由并列连词将两个或两个以上平等关系的简单句连接在一起构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。一、联合关系常用的连词有and(同，和),when(=and just at this time就在这时，然后),not onlybut (also)(不仅而且), neithernor（既不也不）等。如：He helps me and I help him.他帮我，我帮他。He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English.他不仅给
2、我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。I was just leaving when the telephone rang.我正要离开，电话铃响了。注：when作这种用法时，主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。二、选择关系常用的连词有or(或者，否则), otherwise(否则)
3、, or else(否则), either.or(不是就是)。如：Hurry up, or (else) youll be late.快点，否则就会迟到了。Will he still be there or will he have gone away?你那时还在那里还是可能已经走了？You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus.你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。Either Tom is coming or his sisters are.不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。三、转折关系常用的连词有but(但是，可是，只是因为), whil
4、e(而、却), yet(可是)等。如：It never rains but it pours.祸不单行。I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。She looks very young, but she is already in her 30s.她看上去很年轻,可是她已三十多岁了。此处，还有副still(仍然），however(然而)也表示转折关系。He is good-natured; still I
5、dont like him.他脾气很好,可是我还是不喜欢他。The book is expensive; however, its worth it.这本书很贵；却很值。注意：but, while不与although连用，但yet, still可与although连用。Although she felt ill, she still went to work.她虽然感觉不舒服，但她仍然去上班。四、因果关系常用的连词有for（因为）和so（所以，因此）等。如：I am thirsty, for it is hot.我口渴，因为天气太热。The manager was ill so I went
6、in her place.经理病了所以我代她去。注意：so不与because连用二、并列连词词组的用法1. bothand的用法其意为“和都”、“不但而且”、“既又”：She both speaks and writes Japanese.她不仅会说日语，而且还会写。He spoke with both kindness and understanding.他说话既亲切又明事理。【注】作为关联并列连词，它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。另外，若连接两个成分作主语时，谓语要用复数：Both she and Sophia were pleased wit
7、h the girl.她和索菲娅都喜欢这姑娘。2. eitheror的用法其意为“要么要么”、“不是就是”：Either come in or go out.要么进来，要么出去。I want to visit either Paris or London.我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下。Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well.不是他没讲清楚，就是我没听明白。【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：You can either ha
8、ve tea or coffee.你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。Either you or I am wrong.不是你错，就是我错。3. neithernor的用法其意为“既不也不”、“和都不”：I have neither time nor money.我既无时间又无钱。I neither smoke nor drink.我既不抽烟也不喝酒。He neither knows nor cares what happened.他对所发生的事不闻不问。This is neither my fault nor yours.这既不怪我，也不怪你。【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省
9、略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history.玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。Neither Jim and Jack was at home.吉姆和杰克都不在家。但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数：Neither Jim and Jack were at home.吉姆和杰克都不在家。4. not onlybut also的用法其意为“不但而且”：Not only men but also women were chosen.选中的不仅有男的也有女的。He not only re
10、ad the book, but also remembered what he read.他不仅读过这本书，而且还记得书中的内容。【注】该结构中的also有时可省略，或与but分开用，或用too, as well代之(位于句末)：Not only is he funny, but he is witty too as well.他不但风趣，而且也很机智。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：Not only you but also he has to leave.不只是你，他也得离开。三、注意这些句子中的并列连词有这样一道题，该选哪个答案？注意与句中的并连词有关：They
11、werent a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and_defeat.A. acceptB. acceptedC. acceptingD. to have accepted容易误选B，误认为accepted与谓语refused并列。其实，最佳答案为A，动词accept与give并列。请看类例：(1)Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then_off the gas.A.turnB.turningC.turnedD.having turned答案为A
12、，turn off the gas与watch the milk until it boiled并列。(2)He just does what he pleases and never_about anyone else.A.thinkB.thinksC.thinkingD.thought答案选B，thinks与前面的does为并列谓语，同用一般现在时。(3)I dont know whether to stay in teaching or_another job.A.trying gettingB.to try to getC.trying to getD.try get答案选B，to stay in teaching与to try to get another job为两个并列的选择成分，故同用不定式。另外比较：try to do sth=设法做某事，try doing sth=做某事看看有何效果。学科网（北京）股份有限公司